Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Combined Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in the IPF-PRO Registry

Abstract Purpose To assess the impact of concomitant emphysema on outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods The IPF-PRO Registry is a US registry of patients with IPF. The presence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) at enrollment was determined by investigators’ review of an HRCT scan. Associations between emphysema and clinical outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Of 934 patients, 119 (12.7%) had CPFE. Compared with patients with IPF alone, patients with CPFE were older (median 72 vs 70 years); higher proportions were current/former smokers (88.2% vs 63.7%), used oxygen with activity (49.6% vs 31.9%) or at rest (30.8% vs 18.4%), had congestive heart failure (13.6% vs 4.8%) and had prior respiratory hospitalization (25.0% vs 16.7%); they had higher FVC (median 71.8 vs 69.4% predicted) and lower DLco (median 35.3 vs 43.6% predicted). In patients with CPFE and IPF alone, respectively, at 1 year, rates of death or lung transplant were 17.5% (95% CI: 11.7, 25.8) and 11.2% (9.2, 13.6) and rates of hospitalization were 21.6% (14.6, 29.6) and 20.6% (17.9, 23.5). There were no significant associations between emphysema and any outcome after adjustment for baseline variables. No baseline variable predicted outcomes better in IPF alone than in CPFE. Conclusion Approximately 13% of patients in the IPF-PRO Registry had CPFE. Physiologic characteristics and comorbidities of patients with CPFE differed from those of patients with IPF alone, but the presence of emphysema did not drive outcomes after adjustment for baseline covariates. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01915511; registered August 5, 2013.

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Impact of smoking on the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: results from a nationwide population-based cohort study

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215386 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215386

Author(s):

Won Bae ◽

Chang-Hoon Lee ◽

Jinwoo Lee ◽

Young Whan Kim ◽

Kyungdo Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Former Smokers

BackgroundSmoking has been considered an important risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) incidence. However, there are no population-based large-scale studies demonstrating the effects of smoking on the development of IPF. We aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on IPF development using a nationwide population-based cohort.MethodsUsing the Korean National Health Information Database, we enrolled individuals who had participated in the health check-up service between 2009 and 2012. Participants having a prior diagnosis of IPF were excluded. The history of smoking status and quantity was collected by a questionnaire. We identified all cases of incident IPF through 2016 on the basis of ICD-10 codes for IPF and medical claims. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the adjusted HR (aHR) of the development of IPF.ResultsA total of 25 113 individuals (0.11%) with incident IPF were identified out of 23 242 836 participants registered in the database. The risk of IPF was significantly higher in current and former smokers than in never smokers, with an aHR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.72) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.37 to 1.48), respectively. Current smokers had a higher risk of IPF than former smokers (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.21). The risk of IPF development increased as the smoking intensity and duration increased.ConclusionSmoking significantly increased the risk of IPF development. Current smokers had a higher risk of IPF than former smokers. A dose–response relationship was observed between smoking and the development of IPF.

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Impact of Pathological Stratification on the Clinical Outcomes of Advanced Well-Differentiated/Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Treated with Trabectedin

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13061453 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1453

Author(s):

Chiara Fabbroni ◽

Giovanni Fucà ◽

Francesca Ligorio ◽

Elena Fumagalli ◽

Marta Barisella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Case Series ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

The Impact

Background. We previously showed that grading can prognosticate the outcome of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (LPS). In the present study, we aimed to explore the impact of pathological stratification using grading on the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced well-differentiated LPS (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated LPS (DDLPS) treated with trabectedin. Patients: We included patients with advanced WDLPS and DDLPS treated with trabectedin at the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori between April 2003 and November 2019. Tumors were categorized in WDLPS, low-grade DDLPS, and high-grade DDLPS according to the 2020 WHO classification. Patients were divided in two cohorts: Low-grade (WDLPS/low-grade DDLPS) and high-grade (high-grade DDLPS). Results: A total of 49 patients were included: 17 (35%) in the low-grade cohort and 32 (65%) in the high-grade cohort. Response rate was 47% in the low-grade cohort versus 9.4% in the high-grade cohort (logistic regression p = 0.006). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13.7 months in the low-grade cohort and 3.2 months in the high-grade cohort. Grading was confirmed as an independent predictor of PFS in the Cox proportional-hazards regression multivariable model (adjusted hazard ratio low-grade vs. high-grade: 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.22–0.94; adjusted p = 0.035). Conclusions: In this retrospective case series, sensitivity to trabectedin was higher in WDLPS/low-grade DDLPS than in high-grade DDLPS. If confirmed in larger series, grading could represent an effective tool to personalize the treatment with trabectedin in patients with advanced LPS.

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FRI0485 RISK OF PROGRESSION OF IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS TO CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 840-841

Author(s):

B. Ghang ◽

S. H. Nam ◽

Y. G. Kim ◽

B. Yoo ◽

C. K. Lee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Rheumatoid Factor ◽

Connective Tissue Disease ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Survival Duration ◽

Citrullinated Protein

Background:Connective tissue disease (CTD) may be observed during the course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, clinical factors associated with the development of CTD in patients with IPF have not yet been identified. These factors might be valuable clues for determining the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with CTD. We hypothesize that some IPF patients have a clinically significant association with autoimmunity, and that autoantibodies are important biomarkers for identifying these patients.Objectives:Based on this hypothesis, we investigated whether the serology criteria (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) or autoantibodies that met the serology criteria for interstitial pneumonitis with autoimmune features (IPAF)) were associated with the development of CTD during the clinical course of IPF in the patients from our previous study(1), with a particular focus on which antibodies have a significant association with the development of CTD.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records of 527 patients with a first diagnosis of IPF between January 2007 and March 2014, and investigated the length of time from first visit to the clinic for IPF diagnosis (baseline) to CTD diagnosis by an expert rheumatologist in patients with IPF. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models with backward elimination were used to investigate the risk factors for the development of CTD.Results:CTD developed in 15 patients at a median of 2.1 years (range 1.2 to 4.8) after IPF diagnosis. All these patients had ANCA or autoantibodies that met the serology criteria for IPAF. A significant number of IPF patients with high titers of RF, ACPA or MPO-ANCA tested at first visit to the clinic progressed to CTD(Figure 1). Survival duration for IPF patients with progression to CTD was 5.3 [3.8; 6.7] years, which was significantly longer than for the IPF patients without progression to CTD (2.9 [1.7; 4.8], p = 0.001). Independent risk factors for development of CTD in IPF patients included female gender (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 5.319, p = 0.0082), titer of rheumatoid factor (RF) (adjusted HR 1.006, p = 0.022), titer of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) (adjusted HR 1.009, p = 0.0011), and titer of myeloperoxidase (MPO) ANCA (adjusted HR 1.02, p < 0.0001).Figure 1.Connective tissue disease development in each autoantibody positive IPF patient. ACPA = anti–citrullinated protein antibody; ANA = antinuclear antibody; CTD = connective tissue disease; MPA = microscopic polyangiitis; PAN = polyarteritis nodosa; RA = rheumatoid arthritis; RF = rheumatoid factor; UCTD = Undifferentiated connective tissue disease; SjS = Sjögren’s syndrome.Conclusion:We observed development of CTD in IPF patients with ANCA or autoantibodies that met the IPAF serology criteria. Among these autoantibodies, RF, ACPA, and MPO-ANCA were significantly associated with the development of CTD in IPF patients. Progression to CTD is uncommon in IPF patients, but a significant number of IPF patients with high titers of RF, ACPA or MPO-ANCA progressed to connective tissue disease. IPF with high titers of RF, ACPA or MPO-ANCA might be the initial clinical manifestation of connective tissue disease. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of RF, ACPA, and MPO-ANCA in development of pulmonary fibrosis.References:[1]Ghang B, Lee J, Chan Kwon O, Ahn SM, Oh JS, Hong S, et al. Clinical significance of autoantibody positivity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med. 2019;155:43-8.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Failure to reach uric acid target of <0.36 mmol/L in hyperuricaemia of gout is associated with elevated total and cardiovascular mortality

RMD Open ◽

10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. e001015 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fernando Pérez Ruiz ◽

Pascal Richette ◽

Austin G Stack ◽

Ravichandra Karra Gurunath ◽

Ma Jesus García de Yébenes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

First Year ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Crude Mortality ◽

Risk Patients ◽

The Impact ◽

Related Mortality

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of achieving serum uric acid (sUA) of <0.36 mmol/L on overall and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with gout.MethodsProspective cohort of patients with gout recruited from 1992 to 2017. Exposure was defined as the average sUA recorded during the first year of follow-up, dichotomised as ≤ or >0.36 mmol/L. Bivariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine mortality risks, expressed HRs and 95% CIs.ResultsOf 1193 patients, 92% were men with a mean age of 60 years, 6.8 years’ disease duration, an average of three to four flares in the previous year, a mean sUA of 9.1 mg/dL at baseline and a mean follow-up 48 months; and 158 died. Crude mortality rates were significantly higher for an sUA of ≥0.36 mmol/L, 80.9 per 1000 patient-years (95% CI 59.4 to 110.3), than for an sUA of <0.36 mmol/L, 25.7 per 1000 patient-years (95% CI 21.3 to 30.9). After adjustment for age, sex, CV risk factors, previous CV events, observation period and baseline sUA concentration, an sUA of ≥0.36 mmol/L was associated with elevated overall mortality (HR=2.33, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.41) and CV mortality (HR=2.05, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.45).ConclusionsFailure to reach a target sUA level of 0.36 mmol/L in patients with hyperuricaemia of gout is an independent predictor of overall and CV-related mortality. Targeting sUA levels of <0.36 mmol/L should be a principal goal in these high-risk patients in order to reduce CV events and to extend patient survival.

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Patient gender bias on the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213968 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 407-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deborah Assayag ◽

Julie Morisset ◽

Kerri A Johannson ◽

Athol U Wells ◽

Simon L F Walsh

Keyword(s):

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Diagnostic Confidence ◽

Patient Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Influences

BackgroundPatient sex has clinical and prognostic implications in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It is not known if sex-related and gender-related discrepancies exist when establishing a diagnosis of IPF. The aim was to determine how patient gender influences the diagnosis of IPF and the physician’s diagnostic confidence.MethodsThis study was performed using clinical cases compiled from a single centre, then scored by respiratory physicians for a prior study. Using clinical information, physicians were asked to provide up to five diagnoses, together with their diagnostic confidence. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of receiving a diagnosis of IPF based on patient gender. Prognostic discrimination between IPF and non-IPF was used to assess diagnostic accuracy with Cox proportional hazards modelling.ResultsSixty cases were scored by 404 physicians. IPF was diagnosed more frequently in men compared with women (37.8% vs 10.6%; p<0.0001), and with greater mean diagnostic confidence (p<0.001). The odds of a male patient receiving an IPF diagnosis was greater than that of female patients, after adjusting for confounders (OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.81 to 3.31), especially if the scan was not definite for the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. Mortality was higher in women (HR=2.21, 95% CI: 2.02 to 2.41) than in men with an IPF diagnosis (HR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.33), suggesting that men were more often misclassified as having IPF.ConclusionPatient gender influences diagnosis of IPF: women may be underdiagnosed and men overdiagnosed with IPF.

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Current treatments, determinants of use, and survival for patients with hepatoma in the United States from 1998–2002

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4138 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 4138-4138

Author(s):

A. B. Siegel ◽

R. McBride ◽

D. Hershman ◽

R. S. Brown ◽

J. Emond ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Size ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Case Series ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

The United States ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Data Set ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

The Impact

4138 Background: Multiple case series have described the use of current therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but recent estimates of treatment utilization in the general population and the impact of various treatments on survival are not known. Methods: We first identified 2898 adults diagnosed with HCC with known tumor size and stage in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results Program (SEER), from 1998–2002. Treatment was categorized as transplant, resection, ablation, or none of these. We created a second data set of 1856 HCC patients who were potentially operable, as defined by SEER. We used these patients to construct Kaplan-Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The median age of the larger cohort at HCC diagnosis was 62 (range:18–96). Approximately 42% were white, 32% Asian, 16% Hispanic, and 10% African American. Overall, 10% received a transplant, 18% resection, 8% ablation, and 65% none of these. Only 5% of African Americans with HCC received a transplant, versus 12% of whites, 10% of Hispanics, and 8% of Asians. Asians were most likely to receive resection (24%) and ablation (9%), and least likely to have non-surgical treatment (60%). Using the restricted cohort, improved survival in the multivariate analysis was seen with later year of diagnosis, younger age, female sex, Asian race, smaller tumor size, lower tumor grade, and localized disease. Treatment was highly correlated with survival. This was greatest in the transplanted group (1, 3, and 5-year survivals 93%, 79%, and 71%), followed by resection (70%, 45%, and 29%), and ablation (71%, 33%, and 18%). The non-surgical group had poor survival (33%, 9%, and 0%). Conclusions: Transplantation yields excellent survival on a population scale, similar to reported series, and resection gives relatively good outcomes as well. Asians are more likely to be resected and ablated than other groups. They also had better survival than other groups, perhaps due to underlying etiology of HCC (hepatitis B) and better preserved liver function. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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The impact of sorafenib on the treatment and survival of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004 to 2014.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e15682 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15682-e15682

Author(s):

Aman Opneja ◽

Gino Cioffi ◽

Asrar Alahmadi ◽

Nirav Patil ◽

David Lawrence Bajor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proportional Hazards ◽

Single Agent ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

P Value ◽

Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Advanced Hcc ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Before And After ◽

Time Frames ◽

The Impact

e15682 Background: HCC is a common cause of mortality in the U.S. among men and women (5thand 7th, respectively) with overall five-year survival of ~18%. Sorafenib was the only FDA approved therapy for advanced HCC from 2007 until 2018. This study analyzes trends in the treatment and survival of advanced HCC before and after sorafenib approval. Methods: Adult patients ( > 18 years) with diagnosis of HCC treated with only chemotherapy from 2004 – 2014 were identified in NCDB database. Comparisons were made between 3 time frames: 2004 – 2007 (pre-sorafenib), 2008 – 2011 (early sorafenib) and 2012 – 2014 (late sorafenib). Patients treated with single or multi-agent chemotherapy were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards models were used for univariate and multivariable analyses. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results: The NCDB contained 33,136 patients with HCC diagnosed between 2004 – 2014 and treated with chemotherapy alone. Patients were generally men (77.4%), over the age of 50 years (92.4%), with an elevated AFP at diagnosis (64.4%), and had limited co-morbidities (76.0%, Charlson/Deyo score of 0-1). The T-stages were T1 (26.3%), T2 (20.5%), T3 (25.6%), and T4 (16.2%). The number and proportion of patients treated with single agent chemotherapy increased significantly during the study period: 2,733 (45.3%) pre-sorafenib, 9,723 (72.7%) early sorafenib, and 13,502 (86.1%) late sorafenib. The proportion of all HCC patients in the NCDB receiving only chemotherapy increased from 17.2% to 26.4% to 28.3% across the 3 time frames. The survival of patients with advanced HCC treated only with chemotherapy improved significantly in the early and late sorafenib cohorts compared to the pre-sorafenib cohort (10.3 months (95% CI: 9.8-10.6) vs. 12.3 months (12.0-12.7) vs. 15.5 months (15.1-15.9), p-value < 0.001). Age > 70 years, male sex, higher Charlson/Deyo score ( > 1), elevated AFP at diagnosis, and higher T-stage were associated with worse survival (p value < 0.001). Conclusions: The approval of sorafenib has dramatically increased the use of chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced HCC and has resulted in a significant survival advantage.

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Heparin-induced antibodies and cardiovascular risk in patients on dialysis

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th08-03-0144 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (09) ◽

pp. 498-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jodi B. Segal ◽

Laura C. Plantinga ◽

Nancy E. Fink ◽

Jonathan S. Kerman ◽

Thomas S. Kickler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Stage Renal Disease

SummaryThe clinical relevance of heparin-induced antibodies (HIA) in the absence of thrombocytopenia remains to be defined. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the prevalence of HIA in patients treated by dialysis, (ii) to determine the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and (iii) to test whether HIA are associated with adverse outcomes. Sera from 740 patients treated by hemodialysis (HD, n=596) and peritoneal dialysis (PD, n=144) were tested for HIA (IgG, IgA or IgM) by masked investigators at approximately six months after enrolment in the Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for End-Stage Renal Disease (CHOICE) study. We assessed, with time-to-event Cox proportional hazards models, whether the presence of HIA predicted any of four clinical outcomes: arterial cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolism, vascular access occlusion and mortality. HIA prevalence was 10.3% overall. HIA positivity did not predict development of thrombocytopenia or any of the four clinical outcomes over a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, with hazard ratios for arterial cardiovascular events of 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.70–1.37), venous thromboembolism 1.39 (0.17–11.5), vascular access occlusion 0.82 (0.40–1.71), and mortality 1.18 (0.85–1.64). Chronic intermittent heparin exposure was associated with a high seroprevalence of HIA. In dialysis patients these antibodies were not an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality. Our data do not suggest that dialysis patients should be monitored for HIA antibodies in the absence of thrombocytopenia.

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Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 400,000 hospitalised patients with Covid-19

10.1101/2021.09.11.21263419 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Christiana Kartsonaki

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Male Sex ◽

Viable Model

Background: Policymakers need robust data to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, the world's largest international, standardised cohort of hospitalised patients. Methods: The dataset analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalised between January 2020 and May 2021. We investigated how symptoms on admission, comorbidities, risk factors, and treatments varied by age, sex, and other characteristics. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, and other factors with risk of death, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Findings: 439,922 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.7%) or clinically-diagnosed (8.3%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 49 countries were enrolled. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 10 years 1.49 [95% CI 1.49-1.50]) and male sex (1.26 [1.24-1.28]) were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60, then dropped. Symptoms, comorbidities, and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. Tuberculosis was associated with an 86% higher risk of death, and HIV with an 87% higher risk of death. Case fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients. Interpretation: The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method makes this study a reliable and comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. This is a viable model to be applied to future epidemics.

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Impact of anxiety and depression on progression to glaucoma among glaucoma suspects

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316617 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316617

Author(s):

Samuel Berchuck ◽

Alessandro Jammal ◽

Sayan Mukherjee ◽

Tamara Somers ◽

Felipe A Medeiros

Keyword(s):

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Pressure Measurements ◽

Health Records ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

AimsTo assess the impact of anxiety and depression in the risk of converting to glaucoma in a cohort of glaucoma suspects followed over time.MethodsThe study included a retrospective cohort of subjects with diagnosis of glaucoma suspect at baseline, extracted from the Duke Glaucoma Registry. The presence of anxiety and depression was defined based on electronic health records billing codes, medical history and problem list. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain HRs for the risk of converting to glaucoma over time. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, race, intraocular pressure measurements over time and disease severity at baseline.ResultsA total of 3259 glaucoma suspects followed for an average of 3.60 (2.05) years were included in our cohort, of which 911 (28%) were diagnosed with glaucoma during follow-up. Prevalence of anxiety and depression were 32% and 33%, respectively. Diagnoses of anxiety, or concomitant anxiety and depression were significantly associated with risk of converting to glaucoma over time, with adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) and 1.27 (1.07, 1.50), respectively.ConclusionA history of anxiety or both anxiety and depression in glaucoma suspects was associated with developing glaucoma during follow-up.

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