scholarly journals How safe is BDSM? A literature review on fatal outcome in BDSM play

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk Schori ◽  
Christian Jackowski ◽  
Corinna A. Schön
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractA noteworthy number of people are interested in BDSM (bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism, and masochism). Fatal outcomes while participating in BDSM activities occur. The aim of this literature review is to give a better insight into potential dangerous BDSM play by summarizing published data on BDSM fatalities. A literature search was conducted. It was searched for non-natural death related to BDSM activity. Seventeen cases were found. The age of the deceased ranged between 23 and 49 years (mean age 34.9 years). Strangulation in the course of erotic asphyxiation was the most common cause of death (88.2%). In 13 cases, a toxicology report for the deceased was mentioned, of which in eight cases (61.5%) toxicology analysis was positive. In four of these cases, the BDSM partner was also tested positive with the same substance. Drugs or alcohol was involved in 64.3% of fatal BDSM play. In nine cases, the level of experience in BDMS activity of the deceased and the partner was described, and in all of them, the deceased and the partner were not new to BDSM play. Fatal outcomes of BDSM plays are rarer than autoerotic fatalities and natural deaths related to sexual activities. Safeguards and education on medical aspects exist in the BDSM communities. If they are followed by the practitioners, the risks of BDMS play can be reduced. Cases of non-natural death connected to BDSM are rare incidents and can be prevented.

Energy-Sensing Pathways in Ischemia: The Counterbalance Between AMPK and mTORC

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (45) ◽  
pp. 4763-4770
Author(s):  
Angel Cespedes ◽  
Mario Villa ◽  
Irene Benito-Cuesta ◽  
Maria J. Perez-Alvarez ◽  
Lara Ordoñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

: Stroke is an important cause of death and disability, and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In humans, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is the most common cause of ischemic stroke. The damage occurs due to the lack of nutrients and oxygen contributed by the blood flow. : The present review aims to analyze to what extent the lack of each of the elements of the system leads to damage and which mechanisms are unaffected by this deficiency. We believe that the specific analysis of the effect of lack of each component could lead to the emergence of new therapeutic targets for this important brain pathology.

Psychiatric Manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in Adolescents: A Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Vyas Shirk ◽  
Sarah D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorders ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Danlos Syndrome

Background: Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) comprise a group of heterogeneous hereditary connective tissue disorders [1, 2]. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, panic disorder, agoraphobia, schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental disorders, personality disorder, eating disorders, substance misuse and interpersonal issues have been reported in the literature to be associated with EDS [1-3]. Objectives: The case of a 15-year -old male who was hospitalized after a suicide attempt by gunshot was discovered to have symptoms suggestive of EDS is presented in this paper along with the results of a literature search of psychiatric manifestations of EDS in children and adolescents. Methods: Literature review was conducted on the UpToDate website on March 11, 2020 to review symptoms of EhlersDanlos Syndrome for the purpose of preliminary diagnosis of this patient. Additional literature search was conducted on PubMed on 4/2/20 at 12:10 P.M. and on 4/9/20 at 10:51 P.M. and on the search engine Google on 4/2/20 at 12:25 P.M. On May 11, 2020 at 2 P.M., another web search was conducted with review of 6 different websites pertaining to EhlersDanlos Syndrome. Results: A systematic review of psychiatric manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes revealed a strong incidence of psychiatric symptoms. Conclusion: Our patient’s psychiatric symptoms of depression, suicidal ideations, anxiety and social and educational struggles may have been at least partially due to chronic pain- abdominal, headache and musculoskeletal, and social ostracization associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Education regarding this illness helped our patient’s recovery as he came to understand why he was so “odd” and the cause of his multisystemic chronic pain.

Servant Leadership: A systematic literature review—toward a model of antecedents and outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan G Langhof ◽  
Stefan Güldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this article is multi-layered. First, we focus on gaining a comprehensive insight into a research area which just recently received more recognition in management literature: servant leadership. Second, we identify antecedent and outcomes of servant leadership within the existing research body. Third, we synthesize and develop a comprehensive servant leadership model. It assists academics and practitioners in keeping pace with the increasing servant leadership literature. The systematic literature review provides explanations as to why managers practice servant leadership. The study also contributes to a better understanding of the outcomes of servant leadership and brings clarity to a discombobulated group of studies.

Double, triple or quadruple hits? Exploring the impact of cybercrime on victims in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 026975802110106
Author(s):  
Raoul Notté ◽  
E.R. Leukfeldt ◽  
Marijke Malsch
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This article explores the impact of online crime victimisation. A literature review and 41 interviews – 19 with victims and 22 with experts – were carried out to gain insight into this. The interviews show that most impacts of online offences correspond to the impacts of traditional offline offences. There are also differences with offline crime victimisation. Several forms of impact seem to be specific to victims of online crime: the substantial scale and visibility of victimhood, victimisation that does not stop in time, the interwovenness of online and offline, and victim blaming. Victims suffer from double, triple or even quadruple hits; it is the accumulation of different types of impact, enforced by the limitlessness in time and space, which makes online crime victimisation so extremely invasive. Furthermore, the characteristics of online crime victimisation greatly complicate the fight against and prevention of online crime. Finally, the high prevalence of cybercrime victimisation combined with the severe impact of these crimes seems contradictory with public opinion – and associated moral judgments – on victims. Further research into the dominant public discourse on victimisation and how this affects the functioning of the police and victim support would be valuable.

scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Autopsy Practice in COVID-19 Cases: Biosafety and Findings

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Natalia Rakislova ◽  
Lorena Marimon ◽  
Mamudo R. Ismail ◽  
Carla Carrilho ◽  
Fabiola Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Minimally Invasive Autopsy ◽  
Postmortem Studies ◽  
Death Investigation ◽  
Insight Into

Postmortem studies are crucial for providing insight into emergent diseases. However, a complete autopsy is frequently not feasible in highly transmissible diseases due to biohazard challenges. Minimally invasive autopsy (MIA) is a needle-based approach aimed at collecting samples of key organs without opening the body, which may be a valid alternative in these cases. We aimed to: a) provide biosafety guidelines for conducting MIAs in COVID-19 cases, b) compare the performance of MIA versus complete autopsy, and c) evaluate the safety of the procedure. Between October and December 2020, MIAs were conducted in six deceased patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, in a basic autopsy room, with reinforced personal protective equipment. Samples from the lungs and key organs were successfully obtained in all cases. A complete autopsy was performed on the same body immediately after the MIA. The diagnoses of the MIA matched those of the complete autopsy. In four patients, COVID-19 was the main cause of death, being responsible for the different stages of diffuse alveolar damage. No COVID-19 infection was detected in the personnel performing the MIAs or complete autopsies. In conclusion, MIA might be a feasible, adequate and safe alternative for cause of death investigation in COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Extended Evaluation of Viral Diversity in Lake Baikal through Metagenomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Butina ◽  
Yurij S. Bukin ◽  
Ivan S. Petrushin ◽  
Alexey E. Tupikin ◽  
Marsel R. Kabilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
True Diversity ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Insight Into

Lake Baikal is a unique oligotrophic freshwater lake with unusually cold conditions and amazing biological diversity. Studies of the lake’s viral communities have begun recently, and their full diversity is not elucidated yet. Here, we performed DNA viral metagenomic analysis on integral samples from four different deep-water and shallow stations of the southern and central basins of the lake. There was a strict distinction of viral communities in areas with different environmental conditions. Comparative analysis with other freshwater lakes revealed the highest similarity of Baikal viromes with those of the Asian lakes Soyang and Biwa. Analysis of new data, together with previously published data allowed us to get a deeper insight into the diversity and functional potential of Baikal viruses; however, the true diversity of Baikal viruses in the lake ecosystem remains still unknown. The new metaviromic data will be useful for future studies of viral composition, distribution, and the dynamics associated with global climatic and anthropogenic impacts on this ecosystem.

scholarly journals 303 What goes bump in the night? A literature review and noise exposure experiment in a UK paediatric emergency department

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 841.1-841
Author(s):  
Lucy Hall ◽  
Sophie Dando ◽  
Anthony Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Paediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Paediatric Emergency ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Exposure Experiment

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundIn the Emergency department (ED), noise is a frequent and often unavoidable consequence of work undertaken and levels can often be raised during the day and night. Raised ambient noise levels have potential implications for the workforce, patients and relatives.Investigation into the problem of noise levels in the ED follows feedback from a young patient who couldn’t sleep during a prolonged stay. His complaint focused on loud, irregular banging noises such as those from closing bins that kept him awake.The team felt work should be done to see if it was a wider spread problem or just isolated to his case. A simple sound recording experiment and literature search was conducted.Methods/DesignThe literature search was conducted using electronic/online databases (Medline; Cochrane library) with a fixed date range and specific inclusion criteria.The noise exposure experiment was conducted using a verified phone app to record the sound levels. They were measured at 3 times, during a night shift, in the paediatric emergency department of UHW. All measurements were at a fixed distance and were averaged and compared with WHO recommendations.Results/ConclusionsThere are many sources of noise pollution in the ED, some are unavoidable for safety and clinical reasons.The literature review produced a small number of papers all of which found that sound levels were raised above recommended levels. Similarly, all the sounds measured in the ED also exceeded the recommendations.The most consistent finding across the papers, matched by findings from recordings, was that human behavioural modification is an easy and effective way to reduce noise levels.There are simple steps that can be taken to reduce and eliminate soundsRaising awareness regarding this problem is of great importance and focussing future work on assessing the impact in younger patients within the Emergency Department is paramount.

scholarly journals Antimitochondrial Antibodies and Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica/Giant Cell Arteritis

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ciro Manzo ◽  
Maria Maslinska ◽  
Alberto Castagna ◽  
Elvis Hysa ◽  
Alfonso Merante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Antigenic Specificity ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Antimitochondrial Antibodies

Background and Objectives: Laboratory liver abnormalities can be observed in patients affected with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and/or giant cell arteritis (GCA), especially with a cholestatic pattern. The first objective of our review article is to discuss the potential link between antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and/or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and PMR/GCA, according to the evidences of literature. The second objective is to discuss the association of PMR/GCA with the other rheumatic diseases having PBC as a common manifestation. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed and Medline (OVID interface) using these terms: polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, antimitochondrial antibodies, primary biliary cholangitis, primary Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The search was restricted to all studies and case reports published in any language. Reviews, conference abstracts, comments, and non-original articles were excluded; however, each review’s reference list was scanned for additional publications meeting this study’s aim. When papers reported data partially presented in previous articles, we referred to the most recent published data. Results and Conclusions: Our literature search highlighted that cases reporting an association between AMA, PBC and PMR/GCA were very uncommon; AMA antigenic specificity had never been detected and biopsy-proven PBC was reported only in one patient with PMR/GCA. Finally, the association of PMR/GCA with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in which PBC is relatively common was anecdotal.

Rethinking bibliographic utilities for library consortia

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Israel Odede
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Library Consortia ◽  
Individual Ownership ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The paper aims to critically examine the bibliographic utility as a roadmap to increase library consortia and provide an insight into a new library consortia strategy that integrates librarians into a system of sharing both resources and knowledge. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a literature review approach with a focus on bibliographic utility as a necessary prerequisite for effective library consortia, which is a paradigm shift from the concept of individual ownership to a collective access of distributed network resources and knowledge. Findings The reviewed literature indicated that significant bibliographic utilities and integrated library systems are factors that shaped and developed consortia activities in libraries. Originality/value The bibliographic utility has limited literature, and a few published scholarly studies have combined bibliographic utility and library consortia as strategies to share resources and knowledge

scholarly journals Susceptibility of the Candida haemulonii Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Lívia S. Ramos ◽  
Laura N. Silva ◽  
Marta H. Branquinha ◽  
André L. S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Candida Haemulonii ◽  
Almost All

Candida haemulonii complex (C. haemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii and C. haemulonii var. vulnera) is well-known for its resistance profile to different available antifungal drugs. Although echinocandins are the most effective class of antifungal compounds against the C. haemulonii species complex, clinical isolates resistant to caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin have already been reported. In this work, we present a literature review regarding the effects of echinocandins on this emergent fungal complex. Published data has revealed that micafungin and anidulafungin were more effective than caspofungin against the species forming the C. haemulonii complex. Subsequently, we investigated the susceptibilities of both planktonic and biofilm forms of 12 Brazilian clinical isolates of the C. haemulonii complex towards caspofungin and micafungin (anidulafungin was unavailable). The planktonic cells of all the fungal isolates were susceptible to both of the test echinocandins. Interestingly, echinocandins caused a significant reduction in the biofilm metabolic activity (viability) of almost all fungal isolates (11/12, 91.7%). Generally, the biofilm biomasses were also affected (reduction range 20–60%) upon exposure to caspofungin and micafungin. This is the first report of the anti-biofilm action of echinocandins against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogens comprising the C. haemulonii complex, and unveils the therapeutic potential of these compounds.

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