Low temperature promotes intron retention in two e-cor genes of durum wheat

The influence of temperature, soil moisture, and light intensity on the tolerance of spring wheat, durum wheat, and spring barley to imazamethabenz and safened fenoxaprop-p-ethyl was determined in growth chamber experiments. Imazamethabenz at 500 g/ha reduced plant height and shoot fresh weight of durum and spring wheats grown under prolonged 70% shade. The height of durum and spring wheats was reduced by imazamethabenz under a low temperature regime. Compared to the plants grown under standard conditions, the shoot weight of spring and durum wheat plants was not reduced by imazamethabenz under drought, or high and low temperature conditions. Barley tolerance to imazamethabenz was not affected by environment. All three spring cereals were tolerant to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl plus a safener at 92 g/ha; and such tolerance was not greatly affected by various environments examined.

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Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Improves Cold Tolerance with Parallel Induction of Two Cold-Regulated (COR) Genes Expression in Triticum aestivum L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1421

Author(s):

Natalia Repkina ◽

Anna Ignatenko ◽

Ekaterina Holoptseva ◽

Zbigniew MiszalskI ◽

Paweł Kaszycki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Cold Tolerance ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Partial Recovery ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Cor Genes

Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is an important plant growth regulator that plays a key role in tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, the effects of exogenous MJ on cold tolerance, photosynthesis, activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, proline accumulation, and expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in wheat seedlings under low temperature (4 °C) were investigated. Exogenous MJ treatment (1 µM) promoted wheat cold tolerance before and during cold exposure. Low temperature significantly decreased photosynthetic parameters, whereas MJ application led to their partial recovery under cold exposure. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in response to low temperature, and this was counteracted by MJ application. Exogenous MJ significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and upregulated the expression of MnSOD and CAT during cold exposure. MJ application also led to enhanced proline content before 4 °C exposure, whereas the P5CS gene expression was upregulated by MJ’s presence at both normal (22 °C) and low (4 °C) temperatures. It was also shown that MJ tended to upregulate the expression of the COR genes WCS19 and WCS120 genes. We conclude that exogenous MJ can alleviate the negative effect of cold stress thus increasing wheat cold tolerance.

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Reduced light and moderate water deficiency sustain nitrogen assimilation and sucrose degradation at low temperature in durum wheat

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 191 ◽

pp. 149-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Imre Majláth ◽

Eva Darko ◽

Balázs Palla ◽

Zoltán Nagy ◽

Tibor Janda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Assimilation ◽

Water Deficiency ◽

Reduced Light

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466 PB 327 IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS LINKED TO LOW TEMPERATURE RESPONSES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.498a ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 498a-498

Author(s):

R.A. Teutonico ◽

T.C. Osborn ◽

J.P. Palta

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Plasma Membranes ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Length Polymorphisms ◽

Cold Responses ◽

Cor Genes ◽

Temperature Responses

Identification of the genes involved in low temperature responses in oilseed Brassica could lead to genetic improvement of this crop and other species. We developed a genetic linkage map for B. rapa using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and identified molecular markers which are linked to genes controlling vernalization requirement and freezing tolerance. We mapped the location of a group of cold-regulated (`cor') genes from Arabidopsis thaliana in this population and determined their association with these cold responses. We developed genetically fixed, recombinant inbred lines of B. rapa to assay the physiological processes involved in these cold responses. Specifically, we measured the differences in lipid composition of the plasma membranes of acclimated and nonacclimated plants of a subset of this population. We will determine if the genes involved in the physiological responses to low temperature are also associated with the acquisition of freezing tolerance.

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Endogenous accumulation of glycine betaine confers improved low temperature resistance on transplastomic potato plants

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp20059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 1105

Author(s):

Qiping Song ◽

Lili You ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Jiang Zhang ◽

Xinghong Yang

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Choline Oxidase ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Cor Genes

Glycine betaine (GB) plays a crucial role in plant response to abiotic stress, and its accumulation in chloroplasts is more effective than in the cytosol in improving the resistance of transgenic plants. Here, we report that the codA gene from Arthrobacter globiformis, which encodes a choline oxidase catalysing the conversion of choline to GB, was successfully introduced into the plastid genome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Transgenic plants with plastid expression of codA showed increased tolerance to low temperature stress compared with the wild type (WT). Further studies revealed that under low temperature stress condition, transgenic plants presented a significantly higher photosynthetic performance by regulating the electron transport and energy distribution in PSII, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower O2– and H2O2 accumulation than did the WT plants. A higher expression of the COR genes was also observed in transgenic plants. Our results suggest that chloroplast biosynthesis of GB could be an effective strategy for the engineering of plants with increased resistance to low temperature stress.

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Exsolution and inversion in pigeonite from the Whin Sill, Northern England

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109513 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 474-475

Author(s):

P.P.K. Smith

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Homogeneous Nucleation ◽

Silicate Mineral ◽

Antiphase Boundaries ◽

Two Phase ◽

Primitive Form ◽

The Core ◽

Nucleation Mechanisms ◽

And Inversion

Grains of pigeonite, a calcium-poor silicate mineral of the pyroxene group, from the Whin Sill dolerite have been ion-thinned and examined by TEM. The pigeonite is strongly zoned chemically from the composition Wo8En64FS28 in the core to Wo13En34FS53 at the rim. Two phase transformations have occurred during the cooling of this pigeonite:- exsolution of augite, a more calcic pyroxene, and inversion of the pigeonite from the high- temperature C face-centred form to the low-temperature primitive form, with the formation of antiphase boundaries (APB's). Different sequences of these exsolution and inversion reactions, together with different nucleation mechanisms of the augite, have created three distinct microstructures depending on the position in the grain.In the core of the grains small platelets of augite about 0.02μm thick have farmed parallel to the (001) plane (Fig. 1). These are thought to have exsolved by homogeneous nucleation. Subsequently the inversion of the pigeonite has led to the creation of APB's.

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Low temperature x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated tobacco leaves

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111537 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

S. Edith Taylor ◽

Patrick Echlin ◽

May McKoon ◽

Thomas L. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Root Tips ◽

Tobacco Leaves ◽

X Ray ◽

Whole Cells ◽

Carbon Coated ◽

The Right ◽

Beam Currents ◽

The University

Low temperature x-ray microanalysis (LTXM) of solid biological materials has been documented for Lemna minor L. root tips. This discussion will be limited to a demonstration of LTXM for measuring relative elemental distributions of P,S,Cl and K species within whole cells of tobacco leaves.Mature Wisconsin-38 tobacco was grown in the greenhouse at the University of California, Berkeley and picked daily from the mid-stalk position (leaf #9). The tissue was excised from the right of the mid rib and rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen slush. It was then placed into an Amray biochamber and maintained at 103K. Fracture faces of the tissue were prepared and carbon-coated in the biochamber. The prepared sample was transferred from the biochamber to the Amray 1000A SEM equipped with a cold stage to maintain low temperatures at 103K. Analyses were performed using a tungsten source with accelerating voltages of 17.5 to 20 KV and beam currents from 1-2nA.

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Bulk standards for low-temperature biological x-ray microanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111525 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 282-283

Author(s):

P. Echlin ◽

M. McKoon ◽

E.S. Taylor ◽

C.E. Thomas ◽

K.L. Maloney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Absolute Concentration ◽

Cooling Process ◽

X Ray ◽

The Absolute ◽

Analytical Procedures ◽

Electrical Conductors

Although sections of frozen salt solutions have been used as standards for x-ray microanalysis, such solutions are less useful when analysed in the bulk form. They are poor thermal and electrical conductors and severe phase separation occurs during the cooling process. Following a suggestion by Whitecross et al we have made up a series of salt solutions containing a small amount of graphite to improve the sample conductivity. In addition, we have incorporated a polymer to ensure the formation of microcrystalline ice and a consequent homogenity of salt dispersion within the frozen matrix. The mixtures have been used to standardize the analytical procedures applied to frozen hydrated bulk specimens based on the peak/background analytical method and to measure the absolute concentration of elements in developing roots.

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