Spring Cereal Response to Imazamethabenz and Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl as Influenced by Environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haisheng S. Xie ◽  
William A. Quick ◽  
Andrew I. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Shoot Weight

The influence of temperature, soil moisture, and light intensity on the tolerance of spring wheat, durum wheat, and spring barley to imazamethabenz and safened fenoxaprop-p-ethyl was determined in growth chamber experiments. Imazamethabenz at 500 g/ha reduced plant height and shoot fresh weight of durum and spring wheats grown under prolonged 70% shade. The height of durum and spring wheats was reduced by imazamethabenz under a low temperature regime. Compared to the plants grown under standard conditions, the shoot weight of spring and durum wheat plants was not reduced by imazamethabenz under drought, or high and low temperature conditions. Barley tolerance to imazamethabenz was not affected by environment. All three spring cereals were tolerant to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl plus a safener at 92 g/ha; and such tolerance was not greatly affected by various environments examined.

scholarly journals Evaluation of adaptive capacity of genotypes of spring cereals in arid conditions of the Astrakhan region

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Valentina Aleksandrovna Fedorova ◽  
Nina Alekseevna Naumova ◽  
Ekaterina Vasylyevna Yachmeneva ◽  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Biological Plasticity

Objects of research were: spring wheat Saratovskaya 70-st, Cardinal, 3 Curenta, Madam, Nil avocet yr7's, Angarida; spring barley Ratnik-st, Medium 135, grace, Vakula, Brassa; spring oats Showjumping-st, Leo, Bulan, Kuranin. As a result of the study of these varieties of spring crops, the most adapted to local soil and climatic conditions samples were identified. The selected samples were distinguished by high biological plasticity, growth and development rates, maximum use of moisture, as well as the ability to form high grain yields.

Effect of Interspecific Interference, Light Intensity, and Soil Moisture on Soybean (Glycine max), Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Water Uptake

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Jones ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments with potted plants were conducted to determine the effects of interspecific root and canopy interference, light intensity, and soil moisture on water uptake and biomass of soybean, common cocklebur, and sicklepod. Canopy interference and canopy plus root interference of soybean with common cocklebur increased soybean water uptake per plant and per unit leaf area. Root interference with soybean decreased common cocklebur water uptake per plant. Canopy interference of soybean with sicklepod increased soybean water uptake per unit leaf area, while root interference decreased uptake per plant. Combined root and canopy interference with soybean decreased water uptake per plant for sicklepod. Soybean leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root interference with both weeds. Common cocklebur and sicklepod leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root and canopy interference with soybeans. Only common cocklebur root weight decreased when canopies interfered and roots did not. The relationship between light intensity and water uptake per unit leaf area was linear in both years with water uptake proportional to light intensity. In 1991 water uptake response to tight was greater for common cocklebur than for sicklepod. The relationship between soil moisture level and water uptake was logarithmic. Common cocklebur water uptake was two times that of soybean or sicklepod at −2 kPa of pressure potential. In 1991 common cocklebur water uptake decreased at a greater rate than soybean or sicklepod in response to pressure potential changes from −2 to −100 kPa.

scholarly journals The intensity of competitive interactions between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et. Paol) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different fertilisation conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Janusz Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

Competitive interactions between spring wheat and spring barley were traced based on a pot experiment. In the years 2003-2004, three cycles of the experiment were carried out in a greenhouse. Two spring cereals - wheat and barley, sown in a mixture and in a monoculture, with different mineral fertilisation levels, were the object of evaluation and comparison. The experiment was set up according to the additive scheme, determining dry weight values for both species in 5 growth stages (emergence, tillering, shooting, heading and ripening). Results were used to determine relative yields and competition ratios. It was demonstrated that competition between the cereals started already from the emergence stage and lasted till the end of vegetation, manifesting itself with the greatest strength at the heading stage, but thereafter it weakened in the NPK poorer environment. Access to a larger pool of macroelements resulted in the intensification of competitive interactions. Spring barley used the limited growth factors better than wheat from shooting till the ripening period, and a reverse relation was exhibited only at the tillering stage.

The effect of date of sowing on the growth and yield of spring cereals

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Jessop ◽  
J. D. Ivins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYExperiments to study the effect of date of sowing at two centres in each of 3 years, 1967–9, are described and the results discussed. The earliest sowing date (early March) gave the highest yield of spring barley at both centres and of spring wheat at Sutton Bonington, but at Boxworth in 1967 and 1969 later sowing (early or late April) gave higher yields of grain, which were attributable mainly to increased grain numbers per ear. It is argued that in 1968 poor weather conditions in July and August resulted in very low 1000 grain weights, and although grain numbers were again higher from late sowing at Boxworth this treatment gave the lowest yields because of poorly filled grain. The date of sowing also affected yields of total dry matter, ratios of grain to straw, leaf-area indices, numbers of grains per ear and 1000 grain weights.

Difenzoquat for Wild Oat(Avena fatua)Control

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Miller ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja ◽  
J. Pudelko ◽  
K. A. Adamczewski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Air Temperatures

Postemergence difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) for wild oat(Avena fatuaL.) control in spring wheat(Triticum aestivumL.), durum wheat(Triticum durumDesf.), and barley(Hordeum vulgareL.) was evaluated in the field, greenhouse, and controlled environmental chamber. Wild oat control with difenzoquat was greater at the five- that at the three and one-half or two-leaf stages of growth. Barley tolerance to difenzoquat was excellent; however, spring wheat tolerance was influenced by cultivar. Durum wheat generally was more tolerant of difenzoquat than spring wheat. Tank mix combinations of broadleaf herbicides with difenzoquat had no effect on crop injury or wild oat control. Wild oat control with difenzoquat was greatest with adequate soil moisture, adequate fertility, warm air temperatures and high relative humidity. A simulated rainfall of 0.25 mm within ½ h or 1 mm within 4 h of application reduced wild oat control with difenzoquat.

Environment Influences Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) Competition with Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Controlled Environments

Temperature, soil moisture, green foxtail density, relative emergence dates, and soil fertility effects on green foxtail and spring wheat competition were evaluated in controlled environments. Green foxtail competition was highest at 30 C and without moisture stress. Early green foxtail emergence increased competition with wheat more than changes in temperature, soil moisture, or green foxtail density. At 30 C, wheat fresh weight was reduced 50% by green foxtail seeded 4 d before wheat, but only 13% by foxtail seeded 4 d after wheat. Doubling the nitrogen and total nutrient concentration did not increase wheat growth, but increased foxtail weight 41 and 75%, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Crop Rotations and Tillage on Pratylenchus spp. in the Semiarid Pacific Northwest United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Smiley ◽  
Stephen Machado ◽  
Jennifer A. Gourlie ◽  
Larry C. Pritchett ◽  
Guiping Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Chemical Fallow

There is interest in converting rainfed cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest from a 2-year rotation of winter wheat and cultivated fallow to direct-seed (no-till) systems that include chemical fallow, spring cereals, and food legume and brassica crops. Little information is available regarding effects of these changes on plant-parasitic nematodes. Eight cropping systems in a low-precipitation region (<330 mm) were compared over 9 years. Each phase of each rotation occurred each year. The density of Pratylenchus spp. was greater in cultivated than chemical fallow, became greater with increasing frequency of host crops, and was inversely associated with precipitation (R2 = 0.92, α < 0.01). Densities after harvesting mustard, spring wheat, winter wheat, and winter pea were greater (α < 0.01) than after harvesting spring barley or spring pea. Camelina also produced low densities. Winter wheat led to a greater density of Pratylenchus neglectus and spring wheat led to a greater density of P. thornei. Density of Pratylenchus spp. was correlated (R2 = 0.88, α < 0.01) but generally higher when detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracts from soil than when detected by a traditional method. Selection of different Pratylenchus spp. by different wheat cultivars or growth habit must be addressed to minimize the level of nematode risk to future plantings of intolerant crops.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

Composition chimique de sèves xylémiques du genre Lycopersicon (Solanaceae) en relation avec l'environnement. I. Effet de la température

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1942-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Brunet ◽  
Bruno Sarrobert ◽  
Nicole Paris-Pireyre ◽  
Ange-Marie Risterucci
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Lycopersicon Hirsutum ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
Two Temperature

Two species of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. EGE12P1 and Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl. ecotype LA 1777, were submitted to two temperature treatments, 20 or 10 °C. After a short study of plant growth, we analysed the chemical composition (cations, anions, and amino acids) of xylem sap by high performance liquid chromatography. A comparison of fresh weight increase at 20 and 10 °C of both plant species showed that L. hirsutum was the least affected by low temperature. The volumes of secreted sap and the quantities of ions transported showed great disturbances in the sensitive species (L. esculentum), especially in the case of potassium. In xylem sap of both species studied, but only at 10 °C, we noticed the appearance of ammonium. The possibility of contamination during analytical processing was eliminated. Moreover, determinations of amino acids levels showed that ammonium did not arise from degradation of amides present in xylem sap. In any event, the proportion of nitrate absorbed and reduced in roots increased at low temperature; it is much more important in L. hirsutum and could constitute a tolerance factor to low temperatures. Key words: ammonium, low temperature, Lycopersicon, xylem sap.

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