Transcriptomic changes triggered by carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors and role of Citrus sinensis phosphate transporter 4;2 (CsPHT4;2) in enhancing carotenoid accumulation

Planta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengjun Lu ◽  
Shasha Wang ◽  
Don Grierson ◽  
Changjie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Phosphate Transporter ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

scholarly journals Phosphorus-induced Leaf Abscission in Olive and Citrus Explants

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 541E-541
Author(s):  
Raphael Goren ◽  
Moshe Huberman ◽  
George C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Inhibitory Period

Previous studies, in which the role of phosphorus in abscission of olive leaves was examined in the presence of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors, have suggested that phosphorus induces abscission directly, without involvement of ethylene. In the present study, this possibility was further explored by comparing the effects of an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and an ethylene action inhibitor, 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD), in olive [Olea europaea (L) cv. Manzanillo] and citrus [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Shamouti]. In olive, leaf abscission was always induced in the presence of KH2PO4, with or without AVG and NBD (alone or in combination), but was more pronounced when KH2PO4 was applied alone. In citrus, the effect of KH2PO4 alone on the induction of leaf abscission and ethylene production was much stronger than that observed in olive. However, in the presence of NBD, KH2PO4 did not induce leaf abscission in citrus during the first 60 hr. Similar results were obtained when NBD was replaced by AVG, but, in this case, abscission was inhibited for only 48 hr. In both cases, ethylene was detected after the inhibitory period had ended. The results obtained with citrus indicate that the observed effect of KH2PO4 on the ethylene-independent induction of leaf abscission in olive is not a general phenomenon and may differ in different species.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Role of the Neoxanthin Synthase Gene BoaNXS in Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Chinese Kale

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Yue Jian ◽  
Chenlu Zhang ◽  
Yating Wang ◽  
Zhiqing Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Overexpression ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Transient Overexpression

Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) is rich in carotenoids, and neoxanthin is one of the most important carotenoids in Chinese kale. In this study, the function of the neoxanthin synthase gene (BoaNXS) in Chinese kale was investigated. BoaNXS, which had a 699-bp coding sequence, was cloned from the white flower cultivar of Chinese kale and was expressed in all developmental stages and organs of Chinese kale; its expression was highest in young seeds. The subcellular localization indicated that BoaNXS was localized in the chloroplast. BoaNXS-overexpressed plants were obtained via Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression methodology, and the gene overexpression efficiencies ranged from 2.10- to 4.24-fold. The color in the leaves of BoaNXS-overexpressed plants changed from green to yellow-green; the content of total and individual carotenoids, such as neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and lutein, was significantly increased, and the expression levels of most carotenoid biosynthetic genes were notably increased. These findings indicated that BoaNXS is of vital importance in carotenoid biosynthesis in Chinese kale and could be used as a candidate gene for enriching the carotenoid accumulation and color of Chinese kale and other Brassica vegetables.

scholarly journals Controlled Transcription of Regulator Gene carS by Tet-on or by a Strong Promoter Confirms Its Role as a Repressor of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Fusarium fujikuroi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Julia Marente ◽  
Javier Avalos ◽  
M. Carmen Limón
Keyword(s):  
Wild Strain ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Set Up

Carotenoid biosynthesis is a frequent trait in fungi. In the ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi, the synthesis of the carboxylic xanthophyll neurosporaxanthin (NX) is stimulated by light. However, the mutants of the carS gene, encoding a protein of the RING finger family, accumulate large NX amounts regardless of illumination, indicating the role of CarS as a negative regulator. To confirm CarS function, we used the Tet-on system to control carS expression in this fungus. The system was first set up with a reporter mluc gene, which showed a positive correlation between the inducer doxycycline and luminescence. Once the system was improved, the carS gene was expressed using Tet-on in the wild strain and in a carS mutant. In both cases, increased carS transcription provoked a downregulation of the structural genes of the pathway and albino phenotypes even under light. Similarly, when the carS gene was constitutively overexpressed under the control of a gpdA promoter, total downregulation of the NX pathway was observed. The results confirmed the role of CarS as a repressor of carotenogenesis in F. fujikuroi and revealed that its expression must be regulated in the wild strain to allow appropriate NX biosynthesis in response to illumination.

Manipulation of Environmental Stress Towards Lutein Production in Chlorella fusca Cell Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Rashidi Othman ◽  
Norazian Mohd. Hassan   ◽  
Ainaa Eliah Abu Bakar ◽  
Nur Hidayah Noh   ◽  
Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah   ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Chlorella Fusca ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Media Formulation

All carotenoids originate from a single, common precursor, phytoene. The colour of carotenoids is determinedby desaturation, isomerization, cyclization, hydroxylation and epoxidation of the 40-carbon phytoene. The conjugated double-bond structure and nature of end ring groups confer on the carotenoids properties such as colour and antioxidant activity. Algae may become major sources of carotenoids but the extent of environmental stress and genetic influences on algae carotenoid biosynthesis are poorly understood. Carotenoid biosynthesis can be influenced by many aspects and is liable to geometric isomerization with the existence of oxygen, light and heat which affect the colour degradation and oxidation. Therefore, in this study carotenoid biogenesis is investigated in cell culture of Chlorella fusca as a potential model system for rapid initiation, and extraction of carotenoids by providing stringent control of genetic, developmental and environmental factors. The value of this experimental system for investigating key factors controlling the carotenoid accumulation is then tested by assessing the effects of environmental variables, such as drought stress, light intensity, nutrient strength and media formulation on carotenoid accumulation. Our findings revealed that the conversion of violaxanthin to lutein is due to irradiance stress condition, nutrient strength as well as drought stress. As a result, manipulation of environmental variables will up-regulate lutein concentration. This reaction will restrict the supply of precursors for ABA biosynthesis and the algae cell culture responds by increasing carotenogenic metabolic flux to compensate for this restriction. In conclusion, selecting the appropriate algae species for the appropriate environmental conditions is not only important for yield production, but also for nutritional value quality of carotenoid.

scholarly journals Microscopic Analyses of Fruit Cell Plastid Development in Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) during Fruit Ripening

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengjun Lu ◽  
Ruqian Wang ◽  
Changqing Zhu ◽  
Xiumin Fu ◽  
Shasha Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Plastid Development ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Stages

Plastids are sites for carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, but detailed information on fruit plastid development and its relation to carotenoid accumulation remains largely unclear. Here, using Baisha (BS; white-fleshed) and Luoyangqing (LYQ; red-fleshed) loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), a detailed microscopic analysis of plastid development during fruit ripening was carried out. In peel cells, chloroplasts turned into smaller chromoplasts in both cultivars, and the quantity of plastids in LYQ increased by one-half during fruit ripening. The average number of chromoplasts per peel cell in fully ripe fruit was similar between the two cultivars, but LYQ peel cell plastids were 20% larger and had a higher colour density, associated with the presence of larger plastoglobules. In flesh cells, chromoplasts could be observed only in LYQ during the middle and late stages of ripening, and the quantity on a per-cell basis was higher than that in peel cells, but the size of chromoplasts was smaller. It was concluded that chromoplasts are derived from the direct conversion of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in the peel, and from de novo differentiation of proplastids into chromoplasts in flesh. The relationship between plastid development and carotenoid accumulation is discussed.

scholarly journals Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Functions of Citrus Fruit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bellavite ◽  
Alberto Donzelli
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Early Proteins ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The Many

Among the many approaches to COVID-19 prevention, the possible role of diet has so far been somewhat marginal. Nutrition is very rich in substances with a potential beneficial effect on health and some of these could have an antiviral action or in any case be important in modulating the immune system and in defending cells from the oxidative stress associated with infection. This short review draws the attention on some components of Citrus fruits and especially of the orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin content, but less for the function of its flavonoids. Among the latter, hesperidin has recently attracted the attention of researchers, because it binds to the key proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several computational methods, independently applied by different researchers, showed that hesperidin has a low binding energy both with the coronavirus "spike" protein, and with the main protease that transforms the early proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex responsible for viral replication. The affinity of hesperidin for these proteins is comparable if not superior to that of common chemical antivirals. The preventive efficacy of vitamin C, at dosage attainable by diet, against viral infections is controversial, but recent reviews suggest that this substance may be useful in case of increased stress on the immune system. Finally, the reasons that suggest undertaking appropriate research on the Citrus fruits addition in the diet, as a complementary prevention and treatment of COVID-19, are discussed.

scholarly journals Pesticide application has little influence on coding and non-coding gene expressions in rice

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Muhammad ◽  
Jingai Tan ◽  
Pingchuan Deng ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Haohua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract Background Agricultural insects are one of the major threats to crop yield. It is a known fact that pesticide application is an extensive approach to eliminate insect pests, and has severe adverse effects on environment and ecosystem; however, there is lack of knowledge whether it could influence the physiology and metabolic processes in plants. Results Here, we systemically analyzed the transcriptomic changes in rice after a spray of two commercial pesticides, Abamectin (ABM) and Thiamethoxam (TXM). We found only a limited number of genes (0.91%) and (1.24%) were altered by ABM and TXM respectively, indicating that these pesticides cannot dramatically affect the performance of rice. Nevertheless, we characterized 1140 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) interacting with 105 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can be impacted by the two pesticides, suggesting their certain involvement in response to farm chemicals. Moreover, we detected 274 alternative splicing (AS) alterations accompanied by host genes expressions, elucidating a potential role of AS in control of gene transcription during insecticide spraying. Finally, we identified 488 transposons that were significantly changed with pesticides treatment, leading to a variation in adjacent coding or non-coding transcripts. Conclusion Altogether, our results provide valuable insights into pest management through appropriate timing and balanced mixture, these pesticides have no harmful effects on crop physiology over sustainable application of field drugs.

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