scholarly journals The interplay between local immune response and Epstein–Barr virus-infected tonsillar cells could lead to viral infection control

2018 ◽  
Vol 207 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldana G. Vistarop ◽  
Melina Cohen ◽  
Fuad Huaman ◽  
Lucia Irazu ◽  
Marcelo Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Tonsillar Cells

Cytomegalovirus-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH H. DANISH ◽  
BEVERLY B. DAHMS ◽  
MARY L. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Hemophagocytic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Herpes Group

Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, first described by Risdall and co-workers in 1979,1 is a rare histiocytic proliferative syndrome characterzed by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and erythrophagocytosis by histiocytes that appear benign by histologic criteria. The clinical course and pathologic findings may be identical with another histiocytic disorder, familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, which occurs predominantly in infants. Diagnosis of virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome depends entirely on evidence of concurrent viral infection, usually of the herpes group. Epstein-Barr virus has been associated with this syndrome in the few cases reported in children without underlying disease, whereas cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been implicated in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of fatal CMV-associated hemophagocytic syndrome which occurred in a previously healthy infant.

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr Virus miR-BART6-3p Inhibits the RIG-I Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjun Lu ◽  
Zailong Qin ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Jianhong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr

Recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is the first step in the initiation of a host innate immune response. As a PRR, RIG-I detects either viral RNA or replication transcripts. Avoiding RIG-I recognition is a strategy employed by viruses for immune evasion. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects the majority of the human population worldwide. During the latent infection period there are only a few EBV proteins expressed, whereas EBV-encoded microRNAs, such as BART microRNAs, are highly expressed. BART microRNAs regulate both EBV and the host's gene expression, modulating virus proliferation and the immune response. Here, through gene expression profiling, we found that EBV miR-BART6-3ps inhibited genes of RIG-I-like receptor signaling and the type I interferon (IFN) response. We demonstrated that miR-BART6-3p rather than other BARTs specifically suppressed RIG-I-like receptor signaling-mediated IFN-β production. RNA-seq was used to analyze the global transcriptome change upon EBV infection and miR-BART6-3p mimics transfection, which revealed that EBV infection-triggered immune response signaling can be repressed by miR-BART6-3p overexpression. Furthermore, miR-BART6-3p inhibited the EBV-triggered IFN-β response and facilitated EBV infection through targeting the 3′UTR of RIG-I mRNA. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the strategies employed by EBV to evade immune surveillance.

scholarly journals Tumour viruses and innate immunity

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1732) ◽  
pp. 20160267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Hopcraft ◽  
Blossom Damania
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr

Host cells sense viral infection through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and stimulate an innate immune response. PRRs are localized to several different cellular compartments and are stimulated by viral proteins and nucleic acids. PRR activation initiates signal transduction events that ultimately result in an inflammatory response. Human tumour viruses, which include Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, Epstein–Barr virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and Merkel cell polyomavirus, are detected by several different PRRs. These viruses engage in a variety of mechanisms to evade the innate immune response, including downregulating PRRs, inhibiting PRR signalling, and disrupting the activation of transcription factors critical for mediating the inflammatory response, among others. This review will describe tumour virus PAMPs and the PRRs responsible for detecting viral infection, PRR signalling pathways, and the mechanisms by which tumour viruses evade the host innate immune system. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human oncogenic viruses’.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH EBV INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS IN PREDICTING THE COURSE AND EFFICACY OF ANTIVIRAL AND IMMUNO IMMUNOCORRECTING THERAPY

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
T. A. Svintsova ◽  
D. M. Sobchak ◽  
O. V. Korochkina ◽  
G. A Kravchenko ◽  
V. V Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differentiation Antigens ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

The indices of immune response were studied in 68 patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (35 males, 33 females) aged 18 to 30 years. Materials and methods. The content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens (sCD95, sCD18, sCD50, sHLAI, sCD54) has been studied with enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies Mab IC0-20 and polyclonal antibodies to the antigens of the mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood. The control group included 60 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex with the main group. The aim of this study is the assessment of the content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens in patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus, depending on gender, age, severity of illness, comorbidities, laboratory values, the presence of viral DNA, as well as a demonstration of their value in predicting the course and outcome of the disease and the efficacy of antiviral and immunocorrecting therapy. In patients with negative results of DNA indication of EBV a significant increase in the content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens characterizing the adhesion of leukocytes (sCD18), the activity of T-lymphocytes (sCD50), the recognition of foreign antigens (sHLAI) in the blood in comparison with patients with a positive DNA indication of EBV was determined. Conclusion. According to the results of this performed work the criterion for an adequate immune response in patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus was found to be the increase of the content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens (sCD95, sCD18, sCD50 sHLAI, sCD54). In patients with exanthema, tonsillar syndrome, leukocytosis, elevation of transaminases and the presence of antibodies to capsid antigen (a/VCAIgM) the content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens (sCD95, sCD18, sCD50 sHLAI, sCD54), was higher than in patients without such symptoms. In the treatment with cycloferon in patients with cyclic course of EBV infectious mononucleosis the content of sHLAI and sCD54 at 2nd-4th weeks of treatment increased by 1.5-2 times compared with the corresponding values before treatment. In patients with reactivation of the disease monotonically low indices of all studied soluble forms of differentiation antigens persisted over the 4 weeks during patients following up. In patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus, the dynamics of sHLAI and sCD54 after 2-4 weeks of treatment serves as secondary efficacy endpoint of antiviral, immunomodulatory therapy and the formation of the cyclic course of the disease.

scholarly journals Variants of Epstein—Barr viral infection course in infectious mononucleosis nidus for the children

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
A. P. Pomogaeva ◽  
O. I. Galaktionova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Blood Examination ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Serologic Marker ◽  
Epstein Barr

The aim of this investigation is to assess variants of Epstein—Barr viral infection course in infectious mononucleosis nidus. There have been examined 5 groups of preschool institutions, in each there was found 1 case of typical infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein—Barr virus. Total number of children under observation was 67: 5 children with typical (clinical) infectious mononucleosis and 62 children being in contact under the disease. Analyses of life history, clinical examination, peripheral blood examination, serologic marker spectrum of EBV- and HIV-infections and factors of immune system cellular component have been made during investigation. It was found that 1 child in a contact group was absolutely healthy, 53 children were virus carriers and 8 children had atypical infectious mononucleosis. Upon the investigation results the formation of infectious mononucleosis nidus has been proved and their peculiarities have been found.

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Gene Expression in Primary Effusion Lymphomas Containing Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus-8

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1186-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo G. Horenstein ◽  
Roland G. Nador ◽  
Amy Chadburn ◽  
Elizabeth M. Hyjek ◽  
Giorgio Inghirami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

Primary effusion (body cavity–based) lymphoma (PEL) is a recently recognized subtype of malignant lymphoma that exhibits distinctive clinical and biological features, most notably its usual infection with the Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The vast majority of cases also contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This dual viral infection is the first example of a consistent dual herpesviral infection in a human neoplasm and provides a unique model to study viral interactions. We analyzed the pattern of EBV latent gene expression to determine the pathogenic role of this agent in PELs. We examined five PELs coinfected with EBV and KSHV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. EBER1 mRNA, a consistent marker of viral latency, was positive in all PEL cases, although at lower levels than in the non-PEL controls due to EBER1 expression by only a variable subset of lymphoma cells. Qp-initiated mRNA, encoding only EBNA1 and characteristic of latencies I and II, was positive in all PEL cases. Wp- and Cp-initiated mRNAs, encoding all EBNAs and characteristic of latency III, were negative in all cases. LMP1 mRNA, expressed in latencies II and III, was present in three cases of PEL, although at very low levels that were not detectable at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Low levels of LMP2A mRNA were detected in all cases. BZLF1, an early-intermediate lytic phase marker, was weakly positive in four cases, suggesting a productive viral infection in a very small proportion of cells, which was confirmed by ZEBRA antigen expression. Therefore, PELs exhibit a restricted latency pattern, with expression of EBNA1 in all cases, and low LMP1 and LMP2A levels.

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Gene Expression in Primary Effusion Lymphomas Containing Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus-8

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1186-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo G. Horenstein ◽  
Roland G. Nador ◽  
Amy Chadburn ◽  
Elizabeth M. Hyjek ◽  
Giorgio Inghirami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

Abstract Primary effusion (body cavity–based) lymphoma (PEL) is a recently recognized subtype of malignant lymphoma that exhibits distinctive clinical and biological features, most notably its usual infection with the Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The vast majority of cases also contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This dual viral infection is the first example of a consistent dual herpesviral infection in a human neoplasm and provides a unique model to study viral interactions. We analyzed the pattern of EBV latent gene expression to determine the pathogenic role of this agent in PELs. We examined five PELs coinfected with EBV and KSHV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. EBER1 mRNA, a consistent marker of viral latency, was positive in all PEL cases, although at lower levels than in the non-PEL controls due to EBER1 expression by only a variable subset of lymphoma cells. Qp-initiated mRNA, encoding only EBNA1 and characteristic of latencies I and II, was positive in all PEL cases. Wp- and Cp-initiated mRNAs, encoding all EBNAs and characteristic of latency III, were negative in all cases. LMP1 mRNA, expressed in latencies II and III, was present in three cases of PEL, although at very low levels that were not detectable at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Low levels of LMP2A mRNA were detected in all cases. BZLF1, an early-intermediate lytic phase marker, was weakly positive in four cases, suggesting a productive viral infection in a very small proportion of cells, which was confirmed by ZEBRA antigen expression. Therefore, PELs exhibit a restricted latency pattern, with expression of EBNA1 in all cases, and low LMP1 and LMP2A levels.

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