scholarly journals Non-verbal cognitive development, learning, and symptoms of PTSD in 3- to 6-year-old refugee children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hahnefeld ◽  
Thorsten Sukale ◽  
Elena Weigand ◽  
Verena Dudek ◽  
Katharina Münch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Iq Test ◽  
Iq Tests

AbstractAs IQ tests are commonly used as key assessment method, we address the question whether our commonly used standardized IQ tests are appropriate for children from families of diverse cultures and different educational levels in a refugee population. We examined 109 refugee children aged 3–7 years (M = 5.10 years, SD = 1.25) with the “Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children “ (KABC-II; Kaufmann & Kaufmann, 2015) on a language-free scale (Scale of Intellectual Functioning, SIF) and learning performance (subtest Atlantis). With a non-verbal IQ of 81.5 (SD = 18.01), the population mean of the refugee children is more than one standard deviation lower than the mean of the German norm population. Standardized scores follow the normal distribution and are not correlated to any of the assessed markers of adversity (flight duration, time spent in Germany, child PTSD in parent rating, parental symptom load, and parental education level).Conclusion: The interpretation of IQ test results for refugee children should be done cautiously as results may underestimate their cognitive capacity. Environmental factors, such as high illiteracy among parents in this study, the lack of institutional education of children and high lifetime stress, may explain our findings.Trial registration: DRKS00021150. What is Known:• There is a high pervasiveness for the use of standardized IQ tests in the German health and education system to determine eligibility for special education and social services. What is New:• Refugee children score significantly lower than German children in a language-free IQ test. As results are normally distributed and not correlated to any of the assessed markers of adversity, the low scores in the refugee group might be due to missing formal education.

scholarly journals Survival states as indicators of learning performance and biological stress in refugee children: a cross-sectional study with a comparison group

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hahnefeld ◽  
Thorsten Sukale ◽  
Elena Weigand ◽  
Katharina Münch ◽  
Sigrid Aberl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biological Stress

Abstract Background Our goal was to accurately detect young children at risk for long-term psychiatric disturbances after potentially traumatic experiences in the course of relocation. In addition to detailed assessment of parent-rated parent and child symptomatology, we focused on disruptive behaviors in the education environment summarized as survival states, as these frequently lead to clinical referral. Methods We screened 52 refugee children aged 3–7 (M = 5.14 years, SD = 1.17) for symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screening (CATS) in parent rating. The parents’ mental health was assessed using the Refugee Health Screener (RHS-15). Furthermore, the child’s educators were asked to evaluate the pathological survival states of the child and we made a general assessment of the children’s symptoms with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) rated by parents and educators. Children in the refugee sample completed a working memory learning task (Subtest Atlantis from the Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children, KABC-II) and delivered saliva samples for testing of the cortisol level. Results The parental rating of their child’s PTSD symptoms was significantly related to their own mental well-being (r = .50, p < .001). Children with survival states in educator ratings exhibited weaker learning performance (F = 3.49, p < .05) and higher evening cortisol levels (U = 113, z = − 1.7, p < .05, one-tailed). Conclusions Survival states are promising indicators for children’s learning performance and distress level complementary to parent rating of child PTSD, which is highly intercorrelated with the parents’ own symptom load. Trial registration Trial registration number: DRKS00021150 on DRKS Date of registration: 04.08.2020 retrospectively registered

scholarly journals Kecerdasan dalam Pembelajaran Matematika

AKSIOMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
Jumadi Jumadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Multiple Intelligence ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Iq Test ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Iq Tests

This study aims to analyze the relationship between IQ test results and studentintelligence in learning mathematics through the Multiple Intelligence Theory.This research is a qualitative study which uses primary references forintelligence in mathematics learning and correlates with IQ tests based onmultiple intelligence theory.The results of research that discusses the theory of Multiple Intentions that areable to change the view of intelligence as seen from the results of IQ tests are nolonger relevant because IQ tests only discuss intelligence intelligence,mathematics and language. IQ tests only support math-intelligence andlanguage, while learning mathematics involves not only intelligence andlanguage. If the school wants to implement Multiple Intelligences in itseducation system, then it needs help from each teacher to ask to start and ask toput all his skills and creativity into teaching.Keywords: Multiple intelligence, multiple intelligence, IQ, mathematicalintelligence

scholarly journals A Situation Assessment Method with an Improved Fuzzy Deep Neural Network for Multiple UAVs

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Yian Zhu ◽  
Xianchen Shi ◽  
Xuesi Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Stochastic Gradient Descent ◽  
Situation Assessment ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Assessment Task ◽  
Multiple Uavs ◽  
The Neural Network

To improve the intelligence and accuracy of the Situation Assessment (SA) in complex scenes, this work develops an improved fuzzy deep neural network approach to the situation assessment for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)s. Firstly, this work normalizes the scene data based on time series and use the normalized data as the input for an improved fuzzy deep neural network. Secondly, adaptive momentum and Elastic SGD (Elastic Stochastic Gradient Descent) are introduced into the training process of the neural network, to improve the learning performance. Lastly, in the real-time situation assessment task for multiple UAVs, conventional methods often bring inaccurate results for the situation assessment because these methods don’t consider the fuzziness of task situations. This work uses an improved fuzzy deep neural network to calculate the results of situation assessment and normalizes these results. Then, the degree of trust of the current result, relative to each situation label, is calculated with the normalized results using fuzzy logic. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms competitors.

Effects of socioeconomic status in cognition of people with schizophrenia: results from a Latin American collaboration network with 1175 subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski ◽  
Luz Maria Alliende ◽  
Carmen Paz Castañeda ◽  
Mariana Castro ◽  
Salvador M. Guinjoan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Show Evidence

Abstract Background Cognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America comprises approximately 8% of the global population and faces unique challenges, many derived from specific demographic and socioeconomic variables, such as violence and inequality. While such factors have been described to influence mental health outcomes, no large-scale studies with Latin American population have been carried out. Therefore, we aim to describe the cognitive performance of a representative sample of Latin American individuals with schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical factors. Additionally, we aim to investigate how socioeconomic status (SES) relates to cognitive performance in patients and controls. Methods We included 1175 participants from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico): 864 individuals with schizophrenia and 311 unaffected subjects. All participants were part of projects that included cognitive evaluation with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and clinical assessments. Results Patients showed worse cognitive performance than controls across all domains. Age and diagnosis were independent predictors, indicating similar trajectories of cognitive aging for both patients and controls. The SES factors of education, parental education, and income were more related to cognition in patients than in controls. Cognition was also influenced by symptomatology. Conclusions Patients did not show evidence of accelerated cognitive aging; however, they were most impacted by a lower SES suggestive of deprived environment than controls. These findings highlight the vulnerability of cognitive capacity in individuals with psychosis in face of demographic and socioeconomic factors in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Perancangan Aplikasi Tes IQ Siswa untuk Pertimbangan Pemilihan Jurusan dengan Metode Forward Chaining

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Ahyuna Ahyuna ◽  
Irmawati Irmawati
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Iq Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
White Box Testing ◽  
Necessary Existence ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Iq Tests

IQ merupakan pengelompokan kecerdasan manusia, untuk mengetahui kecerdasan seseorang berbagai macam alat ukur yang digunakan diantaranya adalah tes inteligensi, tes emosional, tes spiritual, psikotes dan alat ukur lainnya. Semakin tinggi semangat orang untuk meraih sukses, semakin tinggi pula kebutuhan akan modal intelektual, emosional, psikologis, minat dan bakat. Segala kemampuan tersebut bisa jadi merupakan bakat terpendam dalam diri yang belum tergali, ataupun bakat yang harus dimunculkan dengan berbagai latihan. Tes IQ dalam penentuan dan pertimbangan pemilihan jurusan pada sekolah biasanya dilakukan secara manual dan membutuhkan waktu yang cukup banyak untuk mengetahui hasil IQ dalam penentuan pemilihan jurusan, selain itu banyak peserta tes sulit memahami untuk menghitung hasil tes IQ karena cukup rumit sehingga untuk mempermudah pihak sekolah dalam melaksanakan tes IQ penentuan jurusan maka diperlukan adanya suatu aplikasi yang berbasis komputer dan untuk membangun aplikasi yang akan digunakan bahasa pemrograman serta metode pengujian white box. Hasil evaluasi terhadap aplikasi yang dibangun sangat membantu serta mempercepat pihak sekolah dalam penentuan jurusan dan tepat dalam penentuan jurusan siswa yang disesuaikan kemampuan mereka serta membudayakan pemakaian komputer di kalangan siswa.IQ is a grouping of human intelligence, to determine a person's intellect wide range of measuring instruments used include intelligence tests, tests of emotional, spiritual tests, psychological and other measuring devices. The higher the spirit of people to achieve success, the higher the need for intellectual capital, emotional, psychological, interests and talents. All these capabilities can be a hidden talent within untapped, or talent that should be raised with the various exercises. IQ tests in the determination and consideration of election department at school is usually done manually and requires considerable time to know the results of IQ in determining the selection of majors, besides many test-takers is difficult to understand to calculate the results of an IQ test because it is quite complicated so as to facilitate the school in IQ tests determining the department implement the necessary existence of a computer-based applications and to build applications that will use the programming language as well as white-box testing methods. Results of evaluation of the applications that are built very helpful as well as accelerate the schools in the determination of the exact majors and students majoring in determining adjusted their abilities and cultivate the use of computers among students.

scholarly journals DIOGENES SYNDROME: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
J.-C. Monfort ◽  
E. Devouche ◽  
C. Wong ◽  
I. Pean ◽  
L. Hugonot-Diener
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Diogenes Syndrome

Objectives: This prospective study was designed to look for the most appropriate appellation, clinical symptoms, and underlying associated diseases, and to investigate a possible central etiology. Design and Participants: This prospective observational study involved 50 subjects aged 50-93 years, living in their home in Paris, and consecutively notified to the community authorities due to risks (fire) or nuisances (stench, parasites, hoarding). Clinical symptoms, associated diagnoses, cognitive capacity and life events during childhood were assessed. Results: Hoarding is both the most frequent and the least alerting symptom. Six clinical types cover both medical and social situations that lead to notifications of risk and nuisances to the authorities. Almost half of the situations remained social as no diseases were found to be associated with the Diogenes syndrome. A traumatic life event during childhood could be a risk factor for all Diogenes syndromes although it is most often present among subjects without an associated disease. Conclusions: Our results are in favor of maintaining the appellation “Diogenes syndrome”, which embraces the entirety of the diverse situations reported to the authorities, social services and medical networks. These situations require time and a coordinated investigation by a medico-social team, as subjects with Diogenes syndrome do not always have an associated disease.

Psychologically Distressed Refugee Children in the United Kingdom

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hodes
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Agency Support ◽  
The Uk

There are at least 50000 refugee children and adolescents in the UK, mostly living in London. These young people and their families will have been exposed to high levels of violence, disruption of social life and losses, all of which will increase their risk for psychiatric disorders. Up to 40% may have psychiatric disorders, mostly depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and other anxiety related difficulties. Multi-agency support to refugee youngsters and families is important. Some refugee children and adolescents will require help from specialist mental health services that will need to be flexible in view of the refugees' cultural diversity, mobility and the need for the full range of treatments. Special efforts are required to reach this vulnerable group, and links with social services and schools in particular should be considered.

How language environment, age, and cognitive capacity support the bilingual development of Syrian refugee children recently arrived in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1281
Author(s):  
Johanne Paradis ◽  
Adriana Soto-Corominas ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Alexandra Gottardo
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Reasoning Skills ◽  
Bilingual Development ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Nonverbal Reasoning

AbstractResearch on the bilingual development of refugee children is limited, despite this group having distinct characteristics and migration experiences that could impact language development. This study examined the role of language environment factors, alongside age and cognitive factors, in shaping the Arabic as a first/heritage language and English as a second language of recently arrived Syrian refugee children in Canada (N = 133; mean age = 9 years old; mean family residency = 23 months). We found that Arabic was the primary home language with some English use among siblings. Children did not engage frequently in language-rich activities in either language, especially not literacy activities in Arabic. Parent education levels were low: most had primary school only. Hierarchical regression models revealed that stronger nonverbal reasoning skills, more exposure to English at school, more sibling interaction in English, more frequent engagement in language-rich activities in English, and higher maternal and paternal education were associated with larger English vocabularies and greater accuracy with verb morphology. Arabic vocabulary and morphological abilities were predicted by older age (i.e., more first/heritage language exposure), stronger nonverbal reasoning skills and maternal education. We conclude that proximal environment factors, like language use at home and richness, accounted for more variance in the second language than the first/heritage language, but parent factors accounted for variance in both languages.

scholarly journals Enablers and Barriers to the Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Akpojene Ogbo ◽  
Mansi Vijaybhai Dhami ◽  
Ebere Maureen Ude ◽  
Praween Senanayake ◽  
Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Central India ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Indian Women

Antenatal care (ANC) reduces adverse health outcomes for both mother and baby during pregnancy and childbirth. The present study investigated the enablers and barriers to ANC service use among Indian women. The study used data on 183,091 women from the 2015–2016 India Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models (using generalised linear latent and mixed models (GLLAMM) with the mlogit link and binomial family) that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights were used to investigate the association between the study factors and frequency of ANC service use. More than half (51.7%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 51.1–52.2%) of Indian women had four or more ANC visits, 31.7% (95% CI: 31.3–32.2%) had between one and three ANC visits, and 16.6% (95% CI: 16.3–17.0%) had no ANC visit. Higher household wealth status and parental education, belonging to other tribes or castes, a woman’s autonomy to visit the health facility, residence in Southern India, and exposure to the media were enablers of the recommended ANC (≥4) visits. In contrast, lower household wealth, a lack of a woman’s autonomy, and residence in East and Central India were barriers to appropriate ANC service use. Our study suggests that barriers to the recommended ANC service use in India can be amended by socioeconomic and health policy interventions, including improvements in education and social services, as well as community health education on the importance of ANC.

scholarly journals How Well Do Machines Perform on IQ tests: a Comparison Study on a Large-Scale Dataset

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusen Liu ◽  
Fangyuan He ◽  
Haodi Zhang ◽  
Guozheng Rao ◽  
Zhiyong Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Representation And Reasoning ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Iq Test ◽  
Large Scale Dataset ◽  
Iq Tests

AI benchmarking becomes an increasingly important task. As suggested by many researchers, Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests, which is widely regarded as one of the predominant benchmarks for measuring human intelligence, raises an interesting challenge for AI systems. For better solving IQ tests automatedly by machines, one needs to use, combine and advance many areas in AI including knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning, natural language processing and image understanding. Also, automated IQ tests provides an ideal testbed for integrating symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches as both are found useful here. Hence, we argue that IQ tests, although not suitable for testing machine intelligence, provides an excellent benchmark for the current development of AI research. Nevertheless, most existing IQ test datasets are not comprehensive enough for this purpose. As a result, the conclusions obtained are not representative. To address this issue, we create IQ10k, a large-scale dataset that contains more than 10,000 IQ test questions. We also conduct a comparison study on IQ10k with a number of state-of-the-art approaches.

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