Transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in reinfected pregnant female canines

This research aimed to investigate the effect of folic acid as supportive therapy of spiramycine on weight of foetus to Toxoplasma gondii-infected pregnant mice (Mus musculus). Twenty pregnant female mice were divided into four groups as C -, C +, T1 and T2. C +, T1 and T2 were infected by Toxoplasma gondii. C – and C + administered orally 0.5 ml aquadest, T1 administered orally 130 mg/kg BW spiramycine and 0.052 µg/g BW folic acid and T2 administered orally 0.052 µg/g BW folic acid. Experimental groups received the treatments for 5 days, then animals of each groups were sacrified. Foetuses were dissected out for observation. The weight of fetuses were measured using an analytical balance. The data weight of foetuses was presented descriptively and analyzed by ANOVA test and continued by Tukey HSD. From this study, the weight of foetuses from the pregnant mice of T1 and T2 have difference compared with the controls. The result of this research is folic acid affects the weight of foetuses to Toxoplasma gondii-infected pregnant mice.

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First report on seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North Lebanon

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11425 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (09) ◽

pp. 831-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dima El Safadi ◽

Dany Abi Chahine ◽

Alissar Al Tarraf ◽

Omar Raii ◽

Karim Mesto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is of dual importance in both public and veterinary health due to the respective risk of transplacental transmission in primo-infected pregnant women and economic losses caused by abortions in mammals. One of the main routes of Toxoplasma gondii transmission to humans is the consumption of raw or undercooked meats containing parasitic cysts. Here, we performed the first epidemiological study to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors of toxoplasmosis in livestock in Lebanon. Methodology: Using a modified agglutination test with a cut-off of 1:40, we tested the positivity rate of Immunoglobulin G antibodies in the sera of 100 sheep and 80 goats collected from 18 different livestock farms located in North Lebanon between March and June 2018. Results: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 42% of sheep and 34% of goats. Adults (> 1 year) were significantly more infected by T. gondii than the lambs (< 1 year) in both species (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicated that food animals are highly exposed to T. gondii in Lebanon and could be potentially a major risk factor of T. gondii infection to humans. Consequently, national prophylactic strategies should be implemented to control and to prevent T. gondii transmission between animals and humans.

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Experimental PorcineToxoplasma gondiiInfection as a Representative Model for Human Toxoplasmosis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2017/3260289 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Julia Nau ◽

Silvia Kathrin Eller ◽

Johannes Wenning ◽

Katrin Henrike Spekker-Bosker ◽

Horst Schroten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Acute Infection ◽

The State ◽

Human Diseases ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Severe Immunosuppression ◽

Representative Model

Porcine infections are currently not the state-of-the-art model to study human diseases. Nevertheless, the course of human and porcine toxoplasmosis is much more comparable than that of human and murine toxoplasmosis. For example, severity of infection, transplacental transmission, and interferon-gamma-induced antiparasitic effector mechanisms are similar in pigs and humans. In addition, the severe immunosuppression during acute infection described in mice does not occur in the experimentally infected ones. Thus, we hypothesise that porcineToxoplasma gondiiinfection data are more representative for human toxoplasmosis. We therefore suggest that the animal model chosen must be critically evaluated for its assignability to human diseases.

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Transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in naturally infected small ruminants from northeastern Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017000900004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 921-925 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Annelise C.B.T. Nunes ◽

Elise M. Yamasaki ◽

Pomy C.P. Kim ◽

Renata P.B. Melo ◽

Müller Ribeiro-Andrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Causative Agents ◽

History Of ◽

Different Tissues

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are causative agents of abortion in sheep and goats. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the transplacental transmission of these protozoans in small ruminants of northeastern Brazil. Seventeen fetuses (6 goats and 11 sheep) from farms with history of abortion were necropsied and samples were collected from different tissues (brain, liver, lung, kidney and heart). The samples were analyzed by PCR, histopathology (HP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate whether T. gondii and/or N. caninum infection were the cause of abortion. None of the samples was positive for T. gondii according to PCR and IHC results. Some brain, liver, lung, kidney and heart samples of goat fetuses were positive for N. caninum by PCR. In the histopathology, mild mononuclear infiltration and necrosis with calcification were observed in the liver and brain of one goat fetus, respectively, that also was positive for N. caninum by PCR and IHC. The results confirmed vertical transmission of N. caninum in naturally infected goats of northeastern, Brazil.

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Molecular assessment of the transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii , Neospora caninum , Brucella canis and Ehrlichia canis in dogs

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.cimid.2016.09.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 47-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques ◽

Tatiane Rodrigues Barbosa ◽

Andresa de Cássia Martini ◽

Letícia Camara Pitchenin ◽

Ísis Assis Braga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Brucella Canis ◽

Molecular Assessment

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Toxoplasma gondii in sheep: epidemiological clues from wild rabbits and hares

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620002041x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 138-138

Author(s):

S. Mason ◽

J. E. Smith ◽

J. P. Dubey

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Definitive Host ◽

Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Oral Route ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Sentinel Species ◽

Transplacental Transmission

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is an important cause of lamb loss. Horizontal transmission to ewes can occur from the parasite’s definitive host, the cat, by the faecal-oral route (Buxton 1990). Vertical (transplacental) transmission to lambs also occurs (Williams et al 2005; Rodger et al 2006). Toxoplasma encysts in brain and muscle where it persists for the lifetime of the sheep. Since Toxoplasma can infect any warm-blooded vertebrate, wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and hares (Lepus europeaus) might similarly be infected by the faecal-oral route and they might function as parasite reservoirs, infecting cats by the tissue-oral route. The aim of this study was to determine whether rabbits and hares are informative as sentinel species, revealing the prevalence and strain of Toxoplasma on pasture, such that they could be used as indicators of infection risk to sheep.

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Transplacental transmission in cattle: is Toxoplasma gondii less potent than Neospora caninum?

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-010-2172-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 108 (5) ◽

pp. 1235-1241 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jitbanjong Wiengcharoen ◽

R. C. Andrew Thompson ◽

Chawalit Nakthong ◽

Parntep Rattanakorn ◽

Yaowalark Sukthana

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Transplacental Transmission

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Dual congenital transmission ofToxoplasma gondiiandSarcocystis neuronain a late-term aborted pup from a chronically infected southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182015001377 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 276-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

KAREN SHAPIRO ◽

MELISSA A. MILLER ◽

ANDREA E. PACKHAM ◽

BEATRIZ AGUILAR ◽

PATRICIA A. CONRAD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Fetal Brain ◽

Sea Otter ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Enhydra Lutris ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Wild Female ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Enhydra Lutris Nereis ◽

Wide Range

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiiandSarcocystis neuronaare protozoan parasites with terrestrial definitive hosts, and both pathogens can cause fatal disease in a wide range of marine animals. Close monitoring of threatened southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) in California allowed for the diagnosis of dual transplacental transmission ofT. gondiiandS. neuronain a wild female otter that was chronically infected with both parasites. Congenital infection resulted in late-term abortion due to disseminated toxoplasmosis.Toxoplasma gondiiandS. neuronaDNA was amplified from placental tissue culture, as well as from fetal lung tissue. Molecular characterization ofT. gondiirevealed a Type X genotype in isolates derived from placenta and fetal brain, as well as in all tested fetal organs (brain, lung, spleen, liver and thymus). This report provides the first evidence for transplacental transmission ofT. gondiiin a chronically infected wild sea otter, and the first molecular and immunohistochemical confirmation of concurrent transplacental transmission ofT. gondiiandS. neuronain any species. Repeated fetal and/or neonatal losses in the sea otter dam also suggested thatT. gondiihas the potential to reduce fecundity in chronically infected marine mammals through parasite recrudescence and repeated fetal infection.

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