scholarly journals Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) as a natural host for Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharz, 1852) Weinland, 1858 x Schistosoma bovis Sonsino, 1876 introgressive hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris A.E.S. Savassi ◽  
Gauthier Dobigny ◽  
Jonas R. Etougbétché ◽  
Thalasse T. Avocegan ◽  
François T. Quinsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Mastomys Natalensis ◽  
New Host ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Bulinus Globosus ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Rdna

AbstractCercarial emission of schistosomes is a determinant in the transmission to the definitive host and constitutes a good marker to identify which definitive host is responsible for transmission, mainly in introgressive hybridization situations. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that micro-mammals play a role in Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis, and/or S. haematobium x S. bovis transmission. Small mammal sampling was conducted in seven semi-lacustrine villages of southern Benin. Among the 62 animals trapped, 50 individuals were investigated for Schistosoma adults and eggs: 37 Rattus rattus, 3 Rattus norvegicus, 9 Mastomys natalensis, and 1 Crocidura olivieri. Schistosoma adults were found in four R. rattus and two M. natalensis, with a local prevalence reaching 80% and 50%, respectively. Two cercarial chronotypes were found from Bulinus globosus experimentally infected with miracidia extracted from naturally infected M. natalensis: a late diurnal and nocturnal chronotype, and an early diurnal, late diurnal, and nocturnal chronotype. The cytochrome C oxidase subunit I mtDNA gene of the collected schistosomes (adults, miracidia, and cercariae) belonged to the S. bovis clade. Eleven internal transcribed spacer rDNA profiles were found; four belonged to S. bovis and seven to S. haematobium x S. bovis. These molecular results together with the observed multi-peak chronotypes add M. natalensis as a new host implicated in S. haematobium x S. bovis transmission. We discuss the origin of the new chronotypes which have become more complex with the appearance of several peaks in a 24-h day. We also discuss how the new populations of offspring may optimize intra-host ecological niche, host spectrum, and transmission time period.

Scanning electron microscope studies of miracidia suggest introgressive hybridization between Schistosoma haematobium and S. haematobium x S. mattheei in the Eastern Transvaal

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kruger ◽  
V. L. Hamilton-Attwell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTSchistosoma haematobium miracidia were collected from a locality with a high prevalence of human infection with the animal parasite, S. mattheei, which hybridizes with S. haematobium, and from 2 localities with negligible infection rates. The terebratoria of the miracidia from these localities were compared with each other, with laboratory maintained S. haematobium and with four populations of S. mattheei by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the terebratorial membrane of certain of the S. haematobium miracidia from the locality with a high S. mattheei prevalence in humans, resembled the more intricate membrane of S. mattheei. This suggests introgressive hybridization between S. haematobium and S. haematobium x S. mattheei.

scholarly journals Simulation of population dynamics of Bulinus globosus: Effects of environmental temperature on production of Schistosoma haematobium cercariae

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0006651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester Kalinda ◽  
Moses J. Chimbari ◽  
William E. Grant ◽  
Hsiao-Hsuan Wang ◽  
Julius N. Odhiambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Bulinus Globosus

The interaction of Schistosoma haematobium and S. guineensis in Cameroon

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Webster ◽  
L.A. Tchuem Tchuenté ◽  
J. Jourdane ◽  
V.R. Southgate
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Hybridization Data ◽  
South West ◽  
Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Species Being

AbstractInteractions between schistosomes are complex with some different species being able to mate and hybridize. The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in specific areas of South West Cameroon has evolved remarkably over 30 years as a result of hybridization between Schistosoma guineensis and S. haematobium. Morphological and biological data suggest that S. haematobium replaced S. guineensis in areas of Cameroon through introgressive hybridization. Data are reported on the use of single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the nuclear ribosomal second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of individual schistosomes from hybrid zones of Cameroon. The data show that since 1990 S. haematobium has completely replaced S. guineensis in Loum, with S. haematobium and the recombinants still present in 2000. This study illustrates the complexities of the dynamics between S. haematobium and S. guineensis in South West Cameroon.

scholarly journals Effect of Mass Chemotherapy and Piped Water on Numbers of Schistosoma Haematobium and Prevalence in Bulinus Globosus in Kwale, Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Noda ◽  
Yoshiki Aoki ◽  
Atsuo Sato ◽  
Ngethe D. Muhoho ◽  
John H. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Bulinus Globosus

scholarly journals Morphological and genomic characterisation of the Schistosoma hybrid infecting humans in Europe reveals admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0010062
Author(s):  
Julien Kincaid-Smith ◽  
Alan Tracey ◽  
Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto ◽  
Ingo Bulla ◽  
Nancy Holroyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Bulinus Truncatus ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Human Specific

Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis, the world’s second most important parasitic disease after malaria in terms of public health and social-economic impacts. A peculiar feature of these dioecious parasites is their ability to produce viable and fertile hybrid offspring. Originally only present in the tropics, schistosomiasis is now also endemic in southern Europe. Based on the analysis of two genetic markers the European schistosomes had previously been identified as hybrids between the livestock- and the human-infective species Schistosoma bovis and Schistosoma haematobium, respectively. Here, using PacBio long-read sequencing technology we performed genome assembly improvement and annotation of S. bovis, one of the parental species for which no satisfactory genome assembly was available. We then describe the whole genome introgression levels of the hybrid schistosomes, their morphometric parameters (eggs and adult worms) and their compatibility with two European snail strains used as vectors (Bulinus truncatus and Planorbarius metidjensis). Schistosome-snail compatibility is a key parameter for the parasites life cycle progression, and thus the capability of the parasite to establish in a given area. Our results show that this Schistosoma hybrid is strongly introgressed genetically, composed of 77% S. haematobium and 23% S. bovis origin. This genomic admixture suggests an ancient hybridization event and subsequent backcrosses with the human-specific species, S. haematobium, before its introduction in Corsica. We also show that egg morphology (commonly used as a species diagnostic) does not allow for accurate hybrid identification while genetic tests do.

scholarly journals Schistosoma haematobiumin Lake Malaŵi: susceptibility and molecular diversity of the snail hostsBulinus globosusandB. nyassanus

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Stauffer ◽  
H. Madsen ◽  
B. Webster ◽  
K. Black ◽  
D. Rollinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Bulinus Globosus ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences

AbstractIntermediate hosts ofSchistosoma haematobium, the causative agent of urinary schistosomiasis, in Lake Malaŵi include:Bulinus globosus, a member of theB. africanusgroup andB. nyassanus, a diploid member of theB. truncatus/tropicusspecies complex. We compared genetic variability between isolates ofS. haematobiumfrom the southern part of the lake (Cape Maclear), where bothB. globosusandB. nyassanusplay a role as intermediate hosts, and isolates from the northern part, where onlyB. globosusis host. Data show that theS. haematobiumisolates from these two areas of Lake Malaŵi cannot be distinguished using nuclear or mitochondrial sequences and are capable of cross-infections.

Factors affecting the intensity of reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium following treatment with praziquantel

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Chandiwana ◽  
M. E. J. Woolhouse ◽  
M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Reinfection Rate ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Index Of Exposure ◽  
Bulinus Globosus ◽  
Independent Effects

SUMMARYInfection with Schistosoma haematobium was studied in a rural community of approximately 500 persons in eastern Zimbabwe. The overall prevalence of infection, as determined by urine egg counts, was 40·1%, and of heavy infections (≥ 50 eggs/10 ml urine) was 11·0%. The prevalence of both heavy and all infections was highest in the 8 to 10-year-old age class. During 1987–88 data were obtained from 102 individuals on intensity of reinfection 14 weeks after treatment with praziquantel, the efficacy of treatment having been determined after 4 weeks. The water contact made by these individuals during 2-week periods immediately following treatment was recorded. The relative abundance of patent infected intermediate host snails, Bulinus globosus, was also monitored. An index of exposure was developed which weighted each water contact by its duration, the type of activity, the time of day, and the abundance of infected snails at the site used. The relationships between rates of reinfection, rates of exposure, and age were examined. Although only 13 individuals showed positive rates of reinfection, there were statistically significant and independent effects of both exposure and age on reinfection rate. Quantitative estimates of reinfection rates suggested that individuals aged 12 years or less acquired substantially more infection (measured as egg output) than individuals more than 12 years old.

Molecular ecology of Schistosoma mansoni transmission inferred from the genetic composition of larval and adult infrapopulations within intermediate and definitive hosts

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. THERON ◽  
C. SIRE ◽  
A. ROGNON ◽  
F. PRUGNOLLE ◽  
P. DURAND
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Infected Snail ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Multilocus Genotypes ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

We investigated the genotypic composition of the digenetic parasite Schistosoma mansoni for its adult stages within the definitive host (the wild rat, Rattus rattus) and for the larval stages within the intermediate host (the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata) both collected at the same transmission site. Our analyses are based upon the recognition and distribution of 200 different multilocus genotypes generated by RAPD markers. While intramolluscan larval infrapopulations are characterized by a low infection rate (0·6% on average) and low intra-host genetic diversity (1·1 genotype on average per infected snail), adult infrapopulations within rats showed a high infection rate (94%) and a substantial intra-host genetic diversity (34 genotypes on average) linked to high intensities (160 worms per host on average). A single definitive host bearing 105 different genotypes harboured 52% of the total genetic diversity detected within the whole parasite population. Analysis of the genetic data allowed the identification of various ecological, behavioural and immunological factors which are likely to enhance transmission of multiple parasite genotypes towards the vertebrate hosts. From the distribution of repeated identical multilocus genotypes within the parasite population and among the hosts, we have inferred different parameters of the cercarial transmission efficiency as well as patterns and processes by which vertebrate hosts acquire infection in the field.

New definitive host, range extension, and notes on the morphology of Tristriata anatis Belopolskaia, 1953 (Trematoda, Notocotylidae) from southeast Alaska

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Frame
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Species Description ◽  
New Host ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
Melanitta Perspicillata

Two surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata L.) from near Juneau, Alaska, were examined; a total of 22 Tristriata anatis Belopolskaia, 1953, were removed from the ceca and large intestine. This is the second reported discovery of T. anatis, the first in North America, and a new host record. The species description is expanded. Morphology and the influence of methods on interpretation of structures are discussed.

scholarly journals Screening trematodes for novel intervention targets: a proteomic and immunological comparison of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis and Echinostoma caproni

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1607-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISSA HIGÓN ◽  
GRAEME COWAN ◽  
NORMAN NAUSCH ◽  
DAVID CAVANAGH ◽  
ANA OLEAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Differential Protein Expression ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Immunological Comparison ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYWith the current paucity of vaccine targets for parasitic diseases, particularly those in childhood, the aim of this study was to compare protein expression and immune cross-reactivity between the trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and Echinostoma caproni in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the three parasite proteomes were compared and screened against sera from hamsters infected with S. haematobium and E. caproni following 2-dimensional Western blotting. Differential protein expression between the three species was observed with circa 5% of proteins from S. haematobium showing expression up-regulation compared to the other two species. There was 91% similarity between the proteomes of the two Schistosoma species and 81% and 78·6% similarity between S. haematobium and S. bovis versus E. caproni, respectively. Although there were some common cross-species antigens, species-species targets were revealed which, despite evolutionary homology, could be due to phenotypic plasticity arising from different host-parasite relationships. Nevertheless, this approach helps to identify novel intervention targets which could be used as broad-spectrum candidates for future use in human and veterinary vaccines.

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