Neurochemically distinct myenteric neurone populations containing calbindin have specific distribution patterns around the circumference of the gastric corpus

2001 ◽  
Vol 303 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Not Available Not Available ◽  
Not Available Not Available ◽  
Not Available Not Available ◽  
Not Available Not Available
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Gastric Corpus ◽  
Myenteric Neurone

scholarly journals Observations on the geographical distribution of toponymic endings in Estonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeter Päll
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Significant Patterns

The article looks at the geographical distribution of toponymic endings with the aim of discovering significant patterns. The corpus includes ca. 9,000 oikonyms, of which 24% are those that have the analysed endings. Endings are recognized if names have at least 3 syllables or have 2 syllables and the Q3 degree of quantity; in these cases the existence of a toponymic suffix is most likely. In the case of endings that have multiple origins there are seemingly no specific distribution patterns, with the exception of some borrowed endings (e.g. -na or -va). In the case of typical toponymic suffixes -la, -ste and -vere each of these are often concentrated into certain areas based on which the whole are of Estonia might be divided into regions: -vere-region (northern Tartumaa and northern Viljandimaa), -ste-region (Võrumaa, southern Tartumaa, southern Viljandimaa and southern Pärnumaa), -la-region (Virumaa, Järvamaa, Harjumaa) and a mixed region (Läänemaa, northern Pärnumaa). The island of Saaremaa is dominated by -la-endings, Hiiumaa is either a mixed region or a -ste-region

scholarly journals Effect of Copper On Bioconcentration of Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizers (BUVSs) in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Zhao ◽  
Tadiyose Girma Bekele ◽  
Hongxia Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Depuration Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) have received increasing attention due to their widespread usage, ubiquitous detection and their adverse ecological effect. However, information about the bioaccumulation potential of BUVSs and their joint exposure with heavy metals remains scarce. In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation kinetics of 6 frequently reported BUVSs in common carp under different Cu concentration for 48 d, and their tissue-specific distribution patterns (liver, kidney, gill, and muscle tissues) were also evaluated. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and half-lives (t1/2) in the tissues ranged from 5.73 (UV-PS) to 1076 (UV-327), and 2.19 (UV-PS) to 31.5 (UV-320) days, respectively. The tissue-specific concentration and BCF values followed the order of liver > kidney > gill > muscle with or without Cu exposure. An increase in BCF with rising Cu concentration was observed, which is caused by the decreased depuration rate (k2) in more than half of treatment groups. These results indicated that BUVSs accumulated in fish and provides important insight into the risk assessment of this group of chemicals.

scholarly journals Tracking the Distribution and Burst of Nuclear Mitochondrial DNA Sequences (NUMTs) in Fig Wasp Genomes

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Jian-Xia Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yun-Heng Miao ◽  
Da-Wei Huang ◽  
Jin-Hua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Fig Wasp ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Specific Distribution

Mitochondrial DNA sequences can be transferred into the nuclear genome, giving rise to nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences (NUMTs). NUMTs have been described in numerous eukaryotes. However, the studies on the distribution of NUMTs and its influencing factors are still inadequate and even controversial. Previous studies have suggested that Hymenoptera may be a group rich in NUMTs, in which we selected 11 species of fig wasps (Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera) to analyze the distribution and evolution of NUMTs at the genomic level. The results showed that the contents of NUMTs varied greatly in these species, and bursts of NUMTs existed in some species or lineages. Further detailed analyses showed that the large number of NUMTs might be related to the large genomes; NUMTs tended to be inserted into unstable regions of the genomes; and the inserted NUMTs might also be affected by transposable elements (TEs) in the neighbors, leading to fragmentations and duplications, followed by bursts of NUMTs. In summary, our results suggest that a variety of genomic environmental factors can determine the insertion and post-insertion fate of NUMTs, resulting in their species- or lineage-specific distribution patterns, and that studying the evolution of NUMTs can provide good evidence and theoretical basis for exploring the dynamics of exogenous DNA entering into the nuclear genome.

Distribution Patterns of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef Produced by a Laboratory-Scale Grinder†

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROLANDO A. FLORES ◽  
MARK L. TAMPLIN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
G Prior

This study determined the distribution patterns of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef when a contaminated beef trim was introduced into a batch of uncontaminated beef trims prior to grinding in a small-scale laboratory grinder. A beef trim (15.3 ± 2 g) was inoculated with a rifampicin-resistant strain of E. coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7rif) and introduced into a stream of noncontaminated beef (322 ± 33 g) prior to grinding. Seven inoculum levels (6, 5, and 4 total log CFU [high]; and 3, 2, 1, and 0 total log CFU [low]) were studied in triplicate. E. coli O157:H7rif was not detected in 3.1 to 43% of the ground beef inoculated with the high levels or in 3.4 to 96.9% of the ground beef inoculated with the low levels. For all inoculum levels studied, the five ground beef fractions (each 7.8 ± 0.6 g) with the highest pathogen levels accounted for 59 to 100% of the total pathogens detected. For all inoculum levels, there was a linear relationship between the quantity of ground beef containing E. coli O157:H7rif and the inoculum level. The quantity of E. coli O157:H7rif in the beef remaining in the grinder was proportional to the inoculum level and was related to the location in the grinder. Different components of the grinder accumulated E. coli O157:H7rif in different quantities, with the most significant accumulation being in the nut (collar) that attaches the die to the blade. This study determined specific distribution patterns of E. coli O157:H7rif after the grinding of a contaminated beef trim along with uncontaminated trims, and the results indicate that the grinding operation should be regarded as a means of distribution of microbial contamination in risk analyses of ground beef operations.

scholarly journals Microbial community and geochemical analyses of trans-trench sediments for understanding the roles of hadal environments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hiraoka ◽  
Miho Hirai ◽  
Yohei Matsui ◽  
Akiko Makabe ◽  
Hiroaki Minegishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Seafloor Sediments ◽  
The Northwest Pacific Ocean

AbstractHadal trench bottom (>6,000 m below sea level) sediments harbor higher microbial cell abundance compared to adjacent abyssal plain sediments. This is supported by the accumulation of sedimentary organic matter (OM), facilitated by trench topography. However, the distribution of benthic microbes in different trench systems has not been explored yet. Here, we carried out small subunit ribosomal RNA gene tag sequencing for 92 sediment subsamples of seven abyssal and seven hadal sediment cores collected from three trench regions in the northwest Pacific Ocean: the Japan, Izu-Ogasawara, and Mariana Trenches. Tag-sequencing analyses showed specific distribution patterns of several phyla associated with oxygen and nitrate. The community structure was distinct between abyssal and hadal sediments, following geographic locations and factors represented by sediment depth. Co-occurrence network revealed six potential prokaryotic consortiums that covaried across regions. Our results further support that the endogenous OM cycle is driven by hadal currents and/or rapid burial shapes microbial community structures at trench bottom sites, in addition to vertical deposition from the surface ocean. Our trans-trench analysis highlights intra- and inter-trench distributions of microbial assemblages and geochemistry in surface seafloor sediments, providing novel insights into ultra-deep-sea microbial ecology, one of the last frontiers on our planet.

scholarly journals Genome Evolution During Bread Wheat Formation Unveiled by the Distribution Dynamics of SSR Sequences on Chromosomes using FISH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Zhang ◽  
Chengming Fan ◽  
Yuhong Chen ◽  
Richard R.-C. Wang ◽  
Xiangqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genome Rearrangement ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Distribution Dynamics ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Specific Distribution

Abstract Background: During the bread wheat speciation by polyploidization, a series of genome rearrangement and sequence recombination occurred. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) sequences, predominately located in heterochromatic regions of chromosomes, are the effective marker for tracing the genomic DNA sequence variations. However, to date the distribution dynamics of SSRs on chromosomes of bread wheat and its donors, including diploid and tetraploid Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides, Ae. tauschii, T. turgidum ssp. dicocoides, reflecting the genome evolution events during bread wheat formation had not been comprehensively investigated.Results: The genome evolution was studied by comprehensively comparing the distribution patterns of (AAC)n, (AAG)n, (AGC)n and (AG)n in bread wheat Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring and its progenitors T. urartu, A. speltoides, Ae. tauschii, wild tetroploid emmer wheat T. dicocoides, and cultivated emmer wheat T. dicoccum. Results indicated that there are specific distribution patterns in different chromosomes from different species for each SSRs. They provided efficient visible markers for identification of some individual chromosomes and SSR sequence evolution tracing from the diploid progenitors to hexaploid wheat. During wheat speciation, the SSR sequence expansion occurred predominately in the centromeric and pericentromeric regions of B genome chromosomes accompanied by little expansion and elimination on other chromosomes. This feature might be an adaptation mechanism of the wheat genome to the “genome shock”.Conclusions: During the bread wheat evolution, SSRs including (AAC)n, (AAG)n, (AGC)n and (AG)n in B genome displayed the greatest changes (sequence expansion) especially in centromeric and pericentromeric regions during the polyploidization from Ae. speltoides S genome, the most likely donor of B genome. This work would enable a better understanding of the wheat genome formation and evolution and reinforce the viewpoint that B genome was originated from S genome.

scholarly journals Genomic in situ hybridization in interspecific hybrids of scallops (Bivalvia, Pectinidae) and localization of the satellite DNA Cf303, and the vertebrate telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n on chromosomes of scallop Chlamys farreri (Jones & Preston, 1904)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Liping Hu ◽  
Liming Jiang ◽  
Ke Bi ◽  
Huan Liao ◽  
Zujing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Species Specific

Mitotic chromosome preparations of the interspecific hybrids Chlamysfarreri (Jones & Preston, 1904) × Patinopectenyessoensis (Jay, 1857), C.farreri × Argopectenirradinas (Lamarck, 1819) and C.farreri × Mimachlamysnobilis (Reeve, 1852) were used to compare two different scallop genomes in a single slide. Although genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using genomic DNA from each scallop species as probe painted mitotic chromosomes of the interspecific hybrids, the painting results were not uniform; instead it showed species-specific distribution patterns of fluorescent signals among the chromosomes. The most prominent GISH-bands were mainly located at centromeric or telomeric regions of scallop chromosomes. In order to illustrate the sequence constitution of the GISH-bands, the satellite Cf303 sequences of C.farreri and the vertebrate telomeric (TTAGGG)n sequences were used to map mitotic chromosomes of C.farreri by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results indicated that the GISH-banding pattern presented by the chromosomes of C.farreri is mainly due to the distribution of the satellite Cf303 DNA, therefore suggesting that the GISH-banding patterns found in the other three scallops could also be the result of the chromosomal distribution of other species-specific satellite DNAs.

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