Plant species- and stage-specific differences in microbial decay of mangrove leaf litter: the older the better?

AbstractLeaf litter and its breakdown products represent an important input of organic matter and nutrients to mangrove sediments and adjacent coastal ecosystems. It is commonly assumed that old-grown stands with mature trees contribute more to the permanent sediment organic matter pool than younger stands. However, neither are interspecific differences in leaf decay rates taken into account in this assumption nor is our understanding of the underlying mechanisms or drivers of differences in leaf chemistry sufficient. This study examines the influence of different plant species and ontogenetic stage on the microbial decay of mangrove leaf litter. A litterbag experiment was conducted in the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Malaysia, to monitor leaf litter mass loss, and changes in leaf litter chemistry and microbial enzyme activity. Four mangrove species of different morphologies were selected, namely the trees Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera parviflora, the fern Acrostichum aureum and the shrub Acanthus ilicifolius. Decay rates of mangrove leaf litter decreased from A. ilicifolius to R. apiculata to B. parviflora to A. aureum. Leaf litter mass, total phenolic content, protein precipitation capacity and phenol oxidase activity were found to decline rapidly during the early stage of decay. Leaf litter from immature plants differed from that of mature plants in total phenolic content, phenolic signature, protein precipitating capacity and protease activity. For R. apiculata, but not of the other species, leaf litter from immature plants decayed faster than the litter of mature plants. The findings of this study advance our understanding of the organic matter dynamics in mangrove stands of different compositions and ages and will, thus, prove useful in mangrove forest management.

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The chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of pistachio by-product

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200021268 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 223-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Atiyeh Bohluli ◽

Abasali Naserian ◽

Reza Valizadeh ◽

Fereydon Eftekarshahroodi

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Pistachio Nuts ◽

The World

Pistachio (pistachio vera) is from Anacardiaceae family. According to the FAO (2003) report, Iran is the largest pistachio producer in the world (more than 310,000 tons). The most three important exported pistachio nuts of Iran are Ohadi, Akbari and Kaleghuchi (Mohammadi, 2005). About 150,000 tons in DM of pistachio by-product (PB) is produced from dehulling process in Iran, annually. This by-product is mainly consisted of pistachio hulls (PH), and then peduncles, leaves and a little amount of mesocarp and kernels. In this experiment the chemical composition, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and tannin amount of PB and PH of Ohadi, Kaleghuchi and white varieties were determined; also, In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD) were measured.

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The correlation between antimutagenic activity and total phenolic content of extracts of 31 plant species with high antioxidant activity

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-016-1437-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Tshepiso Jan Makhafola ◽

Esameldin Elzein Elgorashi ◽

Lyndy Joy McGaw ◽

Luc Verschaeve ◽

Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antimutagenic Activity ◽

High Antioxidant Activity

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TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT IN THE PYROPHOSPHATE EXTRACTS OF TWO PEAT SOIL PROFILES

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss80-032 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

H. MORITA

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Total Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Peat Profile

The Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was used to determine the total content of soluble peat phenolic compounds by a colorimetric method. The response of known phenolic compounds to the reagent was measured and it indicated its usefulness for studying peat humus. The results showed that the absorbance at 550 nm of the Na4P2O7 extracts of peat materials from two peat soil profiles was correlated with the total phenolic content but anomalous results were encountered in some horizons. Additionally, the total phenolic content per microgram of dissolved organic matter and the behavior of known phenolic compounds revealed that one peat profile had the most reactive phenolics in the bottom horizon.

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Compuestos Fenólicos obtenidos del subproducto de Persea americana Mill. para la reducción de Materia Orgánica del efluente de una industria de curtido de Tayassu pecari

South Florida Journal of Development ◽

10.46932/sfjdv2n5-062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 7163-7181

Author(s):

Carmen Sonia Moreno Roque ◽

Teresa Cano De Terrones

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Tayassu Pecari ◽

Freeze Dried

Se evaluó la acción de los compuestos fenólicos para la remoción de materia orgánica en efluentes de una curtiembre. El estudio se llevo a cabo utilizando aguas residuales, generadas durante el curtido de la piel de Tayassu pecari (huangana) de una curtiembre ubicada en el Parque Industrial de Arequipa-Perú. Para los experimentos se utilizo los extractos liofilizados obtenidos, de las semillas de Persea americana c. v. Zutano (palta). Las semillas, se obtuvieron de frutos maduros de (Persea americana Mill.) c. v., Zutano (materia seca de 27 %), extraídas con metanol al 70 %, etanol al 70 % acetona al 70 % y agua; en proporción de 1:4 y empleando temperaturas de 25 °C y 45 °C. Fueron concentrados a presiones reducidas, liofilizados y almacenados a 4 °C, hasta su aplicación. Todas las extracciones se realizaron por triplicado. El contenido fenólico total, fue determinado por el método de Folin Ciocalteau. Los mayores valores corresponden al extracto acetónico y acuoso liofilizado con un contenido fenólico total de 291,53 ±11,54 mg EAG/g y de 284,76±86,17mg EAG/g respectivamente. El material liofilizado del extracto acuoso redujo el contenido de materia orgánica en un 56,7% y el acetónico, en 56,9% expresado como mg de O2/L (Demanda Química de oxígeno DQO) en las condiciones ensayadas, siendo el pH y el tipo de extracto significativos estadísticamente en el tratamiento experimental. Las condiciones óptimas para la reducción de materia orgánica, dadas por el modelo ajustado permiten estimar porcentajes de remoción de 53,4 % y 60,9 % para cuando se aplique el extracto acuoso y acetónico respectivamente. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto, el uso potencial de los extractos fenólicos presentes en las semillas de palta (aguacate), para ser empleadas con éxito en el tratamiento de efluentes con elevado contenido de materia orgánica, siendo el extracto acuoso, el que presenta mayores ventajas debido a la baja dosis empleado y al pH. The action of phenolic compounds for the removal of organic matter in tannery effluents was evaluated. The study was carried out using wastewater generated during the tanning of the skin of Tayassu pecari (huangana) from a tannery located in the Industrial Park of Arequipa-Peru. Freeze-dried extracts obtained from the seeds of Persea americana c. v. Zutano (avocado) were used for the experiments. The seeds were obtained from ripe fruits of (Persea americana Mill.) c. v., Zutano (27 % dry matter), extracted with 70 % methanol, 70 % ethanol, 70 % acetone and water; in a ratio of 1:4 and using temperatures of 25 °C and 45 °C. They were concentrated at reduced pressures, lyophilized and stored at 4 °C, until their application. All extractions were performed in triplicate. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteau method. The highest values correspond to the acetone and lyophilized aqueous extract with a total phenolic content of 291.53 ±11.54 mg AGE/g and 284.76±86.17 mg AGE/g respectively. The lyophilized aqueous extract material reduced the organic matter content by 56.7% and the acetone content by 56.9% expressed as mg O2/L (Chemical Oxygen Demand COD) under the tested conditions, with pH and type of extract being statistically significant in the experimental treatment. The optimal conditions for organic matter reduction, given by the adjusted model, allow estimating removal percentages of 53.4 % and 60.9 % for when the aqueous and acetonic extracts are applied, respectively. The results show the potential use of phenolic extracts present in avocado seeds to be successfully used in the treatment of effluents with high organic matter content, being the aqueous extract the one that presents the greatest advantages due to the low dose used and the pH.

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