scholarly journals Compuestos Fenólicos obtenidos del subproducto de Persea americana Mill. para la reducción de Materia Orgánica del efluente de una industria de curtido de Tayassu pecari

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 7163-7181
Author(s):  
Carmen Sonia Moreno Roque ◽  
Teresa Cano De Terrones

Se evaluó la acción de los compuestos fenólicos para la remoción de materia orgánica en efluentes de una curtiembre. El estudio se llevo a cabo utilizando aguas residuales, generadas durante el curtido de la piel de Tayassu pecari (huangana) de una curtiembre ubicada en el Parque Industrial de Arequipa-Perú. Para los experimentos se utilizo los extractos liofilizados obtenidos, de las semillas de Persea americana c. v. Zutano (palta). Las semillas, se obtuvieron de frutos maduros de (Persea americana Mill.) c. v., Zutano (materia seca de 27 %), extraídas con metanol al 70 %, etanol al 70 % acetona al 70 % y agua; en proporción de 1:4 y empleando temperaturas de 25 °C y 45 °C. Fueron concentrados a presiones reducidas, liofilizados y almacenados a 4 °C, hasta su aplicación. Todas las extracciones se realizaron por triplicado. El contenido fenólico total, fue determinado por el método de Folin Ciocalteau. Los mayores valores corresponden al extracto acetónico y acuoso liofilizado con un contenido fenólico total de 291,53 ±11,54 mg EAG/g y de 284,76±86,17mg EAG/g respectivamente. El material liofilizado del extracto acuoso redujo el contenido de materia orgánica en un 56,7% y el acetónico, en 56,9% expresado como mg de O2/L (Demanda Química de oxígeno DQO) en las condiciones ensayadas, siendo el pH y el tipo de extracto significativos estadísticamente en el tratamiento experimental. Las condiciones óptimas para la reducción de materia orgánica, dadas por el modelo ajustado permiten estimar porcentajes de remoción de 53,4 % y 60,9 % para cuando se aplique el extracto acuoso y acetónico respectivamente. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto, el uso potencial de los extractos fenólicos presentes en las semillas de palta (aguacate), para ser empleadas con éxito en el tratamiento de efluentes con elevado contenido de materia orgánica, siendo el extracto acuoso, el que presenta mayores ventajas debido a la baja dosis empleado y al pH.   The action of phenolic compounds for the removal of organic matter in tannery effluents was evaluated. The study was carried out using wastewater generated during the tanning of the skin of Tayassu pecari (huangana) from a tannery located in the Industrial Park of Arequipa-Peru. Freeze-dried extracts obtained from the seeds of Persea americana c. v. Zutano (avocado) were used for the experiments. The seeds were obtained from ripe fruits of (Persea americana Mill.) c. v., Zutano (27 % dry matter), extracted with 70 % methanol, 70 % ethanol, 70 % acetone and water; in a ratio of 1:4 and using temperatures of 25 °C and 45 °C. They were concentrated at reduced pressures, lyophilized and stored at 4 °C, until their application. All extractions were performed in triplicate. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin Ciocalteau method. The highest values correspond to the acetone and lyophilized aqueous extract with a total phenolic content of 291.53 ±11.54 mg AGE/g and 284.76±86.17 mg AGE/g respectively. The lyophilized aqueous extract material reduced the organic matter content by 56.7% and the acetone content by 56.9% expressed as mg O2/L (Chemical Oxygen Demand COD) under the tested conditions, with pH and type of extract being statistically significant in the experimental treatment. The optimal conditions for organic matter reduction, given by the adjusted model, allow estimating removal percentages of 53.4 % and 60.9 % for when the aqueous and acetonic extracts are applied, respectively. The results show the potential use of phenolic extracts present in avocado seeds to be successfully used in the treatment of effluents with high organic matter content, being the aqueous extract the one that presents the greatest advantages due to the low dose used and the pH.

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Zhao Jin ◽  
Paul Schwarz ◽  
Yin Li

The phenolic content and antioxidant potential of malting barley are important in brewing. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of barley genotype, growing environment, and malting conditions on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of malting barley grown in North America. Eight barley cultivars grown at three locations over three years were used. For the malting study, a single barley cultivar, separated into different kernel size fractions, was germinated for various periods of time and then processed by kilning or freeze-drying. Total phenolic content (TPC) and some of the antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and iron (II) chelating activity, were significantly impacted by the barley genotype, growth environment, and their interactions. The TPC and most antioxidant activities were also influenced by malting conditions and were generally higher in the malted barleys of the thin kernel size fraction, four-day germination, and in samples processed by kilning, when compared to the plumper kernel size fractions, one and two days of germination, and freeze-dried samples, respectively. There were interactions between malting parameters, and stepwise regression analysis was used to suggest the contribution of each parameter to the TPC and antioxidant activities.


Agrarian ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (50) ◽  
pp. 448-459
Author(s):  
Henrique Von Hetwig Bittencourt ◽  
Lisandro Tomas da Silva Bonome ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi ◽  
Thiago Bergler Bitencourt ◽  
Fortunato De Bortoli Pagnoncelli ◽  
...  

Eragrostis plana é uma das espécies alóctones com maior potencial invasivo nas áreas de pastagem natural do Sul da América do Sul, devido suas características biológicas e ecológicas. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram quantificar os fenóis totais presentes no extrato aquoso de extratos de parte aérea incubada de E. plana e avaliar o seu efeito na germinação e no desenvolvimento de plântulas de três espécies cultivadas. A quantidade total de fenóis presentes no extrato aquoso da biomassa degradada foi de aproximadamente 0,75 g L-1, o que equivale a 1,35% da massa seca da parte aérea das plantas. A alfafa foi a espécie com maior sensibilidade ao estrato aquoso, tendo tanto a germinação quanto o desenvolvimento de plântula inibidos. Braquiária brizanta e trigo sofreram apenas no desenvolvimento das plântulas. Braquiária brizanta foi a única espécie que se beneficiou do extrato aquoso, apresentando menor número de plântulas anormais. Mais estudos são necessários para caracterizar os aleloquímicos presentes no extrato aquoso da fitomassa de E. plana, sua taxa de liberação e seu comportamento no solo de áreas infestadas.


2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacer COKLAR ◽  
Mehmet AKBULUT ◽  
Semih KILINC ◽  
Ali YILDIRIM ◽  
Iliasu ALHASSAN

Flowers, leaves and fruits of hawthorn plant are traditionally used for treating diseases like hypertension and atherosclerosis. The medicinal effects of the plant are generally attributed to its phenolic compounds. However, the fruits are perishable materials because of their high content of water, and generally dried and stored to be used outside its season. The main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on phenolic compounds of the hawthorn fruit. Fruits were collected from the wild growing trees in Turkey. De-seeded fruits were dried in freeze-, oven- (60 oC) and microwave pretreated oven drying (microwave application for 5 min at 360 W before drying at 60 oC) methods and analyzed for antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total phenolic content and color parameters. Total phenolic content of fresh hawthorn fruits was found as 13.36 mg g-1 DW. Oven- and microwave pretreated oven drying methods had a reductive effect on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruits when compared to freeze drying method. (-)-Epicatechin (994.10 mg kg-1 DW), rutin (765.30 mg kg-1 DW), and procyanidin B2 (553.80 mg kg-1 DW) were the main phenolics of the fruit. Lowest values of these three compounds were observed in oven-dried fruits. Microwave pretreatment oven drying method resulted in browner product. Although the highest phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity were occurred in freeze-dried sample, microwave pretreatment before oven drying could be applied to reduce the time and cost of drying in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity.


2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 223-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiyeh Bohluli ◽  
Abasali Naserian ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
Fereydon Eftekarshahroodi

Pistachio (pistachio vera) is from Anacardiaceae family. According to the FAO (2003) report, Iran is the largest pistachio producer in the world (more than 310,000 tons). The most three important exported pistachio nuts of Iran are Ohadi, Akbari and Kaleghuchi (Mohammadi, 2005). About 150,000 tons in DM of pistachio by-product (PB) is produced from dehulling process in Iran, annually. This by-product is mainly consisted of pistachio hulls (PH), and then peduncles, leaves and a little amount of mesocarp and kernels. In this experiment the chemical composition, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and tannin amount of PB and PH of Ohadi, Kaleghuchi and white varieties were determined; also, In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD) were measured.


Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Jurgita Kulaitienė ◽  
Nijolė Vaitkevičienė ◽  
Dovilė Levickienė

Yogurt products are consumed by millions of people every day. Consumers’ priority for ready-to-eat yogurt snacks enriched with various plant raw materials have increased each year. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare freeze-dried yoghurt bites with the addition of powders of beetroot, mulberry leaves, nettle leaves and rosehip fruit and to investigate these raw materials’ influence on the proximate composition, mineral and total phenolic content. The moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and sugar content of the yogurt bites were established using standard methods: mineral composition—using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS); total phenolic content—by the spectrophotometric method. The results demonstrated that the addition of different raw material powders to the formulation of yogurt bites had no significant influence on carbohydrate, protein and total fat amounts. However, the incorporation of powders of beetroot, mulberry leaves, nettle leaves and rosehip fruit in yogurt bites allowed a significant increase of the amounts of all investigated minerals and total phenolic content of the manufactured bites. Among all investigated yogurt bites, the highest amounts of K, P, Mg, Fe and Zn were determined for yogurt bites enriched with nettle leaves. In conclusion, the enrichment of yogurt bites with freeze-dried plant raw material powders can increase amounts of selected minerals and total phenolic content.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5028
Author(s):  
Wioletta Florkiewicz ◽  
Klaudia Pluta ◽  
Dagmara Malina ◽  
Karolina Rudnicka ◽  
Anna Żywicka ◽  
...  

This paper describes the plant-mediated preparation of silver nanoparticles with aqueous extract and infusion of Cistus incanus leaves. To evaluate aqueous extract and infusion antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content the DPPH and Folin–Ciocalteau methods were utilized. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of extract and infusion were equal to 85.97 ± 6.54 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight.; 10.76 ± 0.59 mg/mL and 12.65 ± 1.04 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight.; 3.10 ± 0.14 mg/mL, respectively. The formed nanoparticles displayed the characteristic absorption band in the 380–450 nm wavelength range. The average size of particles was in the 68.8–71.2 nm range. Morphology and phase composition analysis revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with a face-centred cubic structure. Immune compatibility tests of nanoparticles and plant extracts showed no activation of the THP1-XBlue™ monocyte. Cytotoxicity tests performed with L929 mice fibroblasts showed that nanoparticles should be utilized at a concentration of 16 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations determined with the microdilution method for nanoparticles prepared with plant infusion for S. aureus and S. epidermidis were 2 ppm and 16 ppm, respectively.


Author(s):  
Nur Diyana Alyas ◽  
Nurin Izzati Mohd Zulkifli ◽  
Noor Zafira Noor Hasnan

This study investigated the difference of antioxidants activity from different extraction techniques of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Three different extraction techniques involved were aqueous extraction, high-pressure steam extraction and 70% ethanol extraction. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activities were analysed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The high-pressure steam extract showed the highest total phenolic content and both FRAP and DPPH activities at 127.87 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g, 53.38 ±  2.76 mg AAE/g and 79.92 ± 0.26 mg AAE/g. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract showed 2-fold higher of total phenolic content compared to ethanol extract at 65.73 ± 9.44 and 30.61  ± 0.00 mg GAE/g. Conversely, antioxidant activities obtained from ethanol extracts (41.49 ±  2.54 and 41.10 ± 0.10 mg AAE/g.) were higher compared to aqueous extract (23.29 ±  0.47 and 5.24 ± 0.38 mg AAE/g.). This study suggests that different extraction methods influenced the findings of total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the Jerusalem artichoke.  Hence, Jerusalem artichoke can be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants.


2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Sofía Albolafio ◽  
◽  
María I. Gil ◽  
Ana Allende ◽  
Epameinondas Xanthakis ◽  
...  

The present study aimed to characterize wastewater fractions obtained after the wet extraction of proteins from legumes. In addition, the suitability of wastewater fractions for the potential recovery of high value-added compounds was also examined, and consequently, the prevention of the environmental impact of these wastes was explored. Similar to the industrial production of proteins, wet alkaline and acidic extractions of proteins from faba bean and pea flours were performed in two stages of extraction. The different wastewater fractions were characterized by measuring their organic matter content, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and turbidity. The value-added compounds from these wastewater fractions were quantified, which included the protein content, carbohydrate content, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. In addition, the phenolic compounds in these factions were identified and quantified. It was observed that the fractions obtained in the first extraction stage had 60%–90% higher organic matter content, measured as the chemical oxygen demand (COD), compared to the second fractions, indicating a higher environmental impact of the former in case of disposal. The results obtained for COD, TS, TDS, EC, pH, and turbidity demonstrated that microfiltration reduced only the turbidity (85%), and consequently, a decrease was observed in the particulate matter, while there was a practically negligible reduction in the soluble matter. Wastewater from faba exhibited the highest polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, and was, therefore, considered the most valuable fraction for potential valorization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khairul Alam ◽  
Rumana Tuli ◽  
Mohammad Sharif Khan ◽  
Abu Tareq Mohammad Abdullah ◽  
Maksuda Khatun ◽  
...  

Background: Polyphenolic compounds are known to provide health benefits and protect against degenerative chronic diseases. Utilization and identification of foods with a high content of these compounds are gaining greater attention nowadays. Objective: The present study reports the total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP and TEAC) of 10 commonly consumed leafy vegetables growing in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected from different locations of Bangladesh and mixed together to ensure sample representativeness. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for the analysis of TPC, and quantification of polyphenolic components was done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC- DAD). Additionally, antioxidant activities of the selected vegetables were also analysed by utilizing DPPH, FRAP & TEAC. Results and Discussion: TPC ranged from 23.64 ± 1.20 to 45.59 ± 3.04 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g freeze-dried sample (fds). The polyphenolic spectrum ranged from 0.30 ± 0.02 to 647.42 ± 147.12 mg/100 g fds; quantity and spectrum of which varied in the vegetables. Among the studied vegetables, Centella asiatica contained the highest amount of TPC (45.59 ± 3.04 mg GAE/g fds) and also exhibited high antioxidant capacities, as documented by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays. Moreover, Principal component analysis (PCA) of investigated variables clearly separated Centella asiatica from other samples. Conclusion: Phenolic compounds being strong antioxidants reduce the risk of chronic diseases and the finding of this study would aware the people to take vegetables rich in phenolics. It would also fill up the data gap in the existing food composition table of Bangladesh.


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