Combination of diminazene aceturate and resveratrol reduces the toxic effects of chemotherapy in treating Trypanosoma evansi infection

Background and Aim: Many natural products worldwide are used for medicinal purposes. Various insect-isolated compounds were investigated in pursuit of new therapeutic agents. This study aimed to compare the effects of methanol extract of hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyrostoma larvae with diminazene aceturate on some hematological and biochemical indices of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Materials and Methods: Sixteen albino mice were randomly divided into four groups, of four mice, which received different treatments: In Group 1 (G1), mice were infected intraperitoneally with 1×104 T. evansi and received no treatment (positive control), in Group 2 (G2), infected mice were treated with 0.5 mL/kg of diminazene aceturate, in Group 3 (G3), infected mice were treated with 0.5 mL/kg methanol extract of the hemolymph of S. argyrostoma larvae, and in Group 4 (G4), uninfected mice received 0.5 ml of distilled water (negative control). In G3, treatment was started 3 days before injecting the parasite, while for the other groups, a single dose of treatment was applied when the parasite appeared in the blood. Results: Mice from G3 showed low parasitemia of 29×104/mm3 4 days post-infection until the infection completely disappeared on the 5th day, which was earlier than for other groups. The results showed that the numbers of red blood corpuscles (red blood cells [RBCs]) and white blood cells (WBCs) per unit volume were significantly different (p<0.05) between the four groups. The highest RBC (9.09×103 cell/ mm3) and WBC (14.30×103 cell/ mm3) counts were recorded in G3, whereas the lowest values of 6.60 and 4.60×103cell/ mm3, respectively, were recorded for G2. In addition, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the different groups for platelet counts per unit volume, with G3 having the most (943×103 cell/ mm3) and G2 having the least (357×103 cell/ mm3). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the indices of biochemical activities between the extract-treated infected groups and the standard drug-treated group. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanol extract of the hemolymph of S. argyrostoma larva exhibits trypanocidal activity, so it may be exploited as a suitable candidate for the development of trypanocidal drugs.

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Solving the challenge of the blood–brain barrier to treat infections caused by Trypanosoma evansi: evaluation of nerolidol-loaded nanospheres in mice

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118201700110x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 144 (11) ◽

pp. 1543-1550 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

MATHEUS D. BALDISSERA ◽

CARINE F. SOUZA ◽

ALINE A. BOLIGON ◽

THIRSSA H. GRANDO ◽

MARIÂNGELA F. DE SÁ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

High Performance ◽

Drug Efficacy ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Active Principle ◽

Diminazene Aceturate ◽

Blood Brain ◽

The Brain

SUMMARYDespite significant advances in therapies against Trypanosoma evansi, its effective elimination from the central nervous system (CNS) remains a difficult task. The incapacity of trypanocidal drugs to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) after systemic administrations makes the brain the main refuge area for T. evansi. Nanotechnology is showing great potential to improve drug efficacy, such as nerolidol-loaded nanospheres (N-NS). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the treatment with N-NS was able to cross the BBB and to eliminate T. evansi from the CNS. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that N-NS can cross the BBB of T. evansi-infected mice, while free nerolidol (F-N) neither the trypanocidal drug diminazene aceturate (D.A.) were not detected in the brain tissue. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that 100% of the animals treated with N-NS were negatives for T. evansi in the brain tissue, while all infected animals treated with F-N or D.A. were positives. Thus, we concluded that nanotechnology improves the therapeutic efficacy of nerolidol, and enables the transport of its active principle through the BBB. In summary, N-NS treatment can eliminate the parasite from the CNS, and possesses potential to treat infected animals.

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Evaluasi Pemberian Obat Diminazene Aceturate Secara In Vivo Pada Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinfeksi Isolat Trypanosoma evansi

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.43100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

Reza Yesica ◽

Bambang Sutrisno ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Test Dose ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Buffy Coat ◽

Diminazene Aceturate ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Negative Results ◽

Central Java ◽

And Control

Abstract Surra's disease is caused by Trypanosoma evansi parasite has been established as one of the strategic infectious animal diseases. Drug resistance in this case is one of the major challenges in handle and control them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the provision drug resistance diminazene aceturate (Tryponil®) on Trypanosoma evansi isolate from Pemalang and Brebes Central Java province with in vivo test in mice. Total 50 mice, BALB / c strain, male, 2 months, body weight ± 30 gram are obtained from LPPT-UGM, adapted for one week. Mice were divided into 10 groups consist of 5 each. Each mouse was infected with Trypanosoma evansi by intraperitonial route. Treatment was given when mice had reached the level of parasitemia 108 – 109 trypanosoma / mL of blood this was predicted 24 hours post-infection (Eisler et al., 2001). The administration of the drug tryapanosidal was done intraperitonial with doses 1mg/kg, 3mg / kg, 5 mg / kg and 7mg / kg. Observation of parasitemia did every 2 times in one week till 60 days of observation. Parasitemia observation was performed using 3 techniques. The first method was native examination used a microscope, if the negative results would be followed by MHCT (Microhaematocrit centrifugation Technique) and BCT (Buffy Coat Technique) according to OIE (2012). Data obtained from the treatment group were the level of parasitemia, the number of deaths and the number of live mice from each test dose. The results are analysed by standard logit or probit. The results of this study showed the effects of the drug Dimianzene aceturate on both isolates varied. On Brebes Isolate was effective at doses of 7 mg / kg BW (100%) and 5mg / kg BW (80%), whereas in the effective dose Pemalang isolate at 3 mg dose / kg BW (80%), 5 and 7 mg / kg BW (100%). While at the lowest dose of 1 mg / kg obtained a level of effectiveness of 0% in both isolates. It could be concluded that both isolates have different pathogens and indicate resistance subpopulation to diminazene aceturate.Keywords : diminazene aceturate, in vivo, resistance, Trypanosoma evansi.

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The efficacy of berenil (diminazene aceturate) against Trypanosoma evansi infection in mice

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2885.1982.tb00441.x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. A. ELAMIN ◽

A. M. HOMEIDA ◽

S. E. I. ADAM ◽

M.M. MAHMOUD

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Diminazene Aceturate

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RNA-interference silencing of the adenosine transporter-1 gene in Trypanosoma evansi confers resistance to diminazene aceturate

Experimental Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.exppara.2004.03.013 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 107 (1-2) ◽

pp. 47-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

William H Witola ◽

Noboru Inoue ◽

Kazuhiko Ohashi ◽

Misao Onuma

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Diminazene Aceturate

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Liposomes produced by reverse phase evaporation: in vitro and in vivo efficacy of diminazene aceturate against Trypanosoma evansi

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182013002114 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 141 (6) ◽

pp. 761-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

CAMILA BELMONTE OLIVEIRA ◽

LUCAS ALMEIDA RIGO ◽

LUCIANA DALLA ROSA ◽

LUCAS TREVISAN GRESSLER ◽

CARINE ELOISE PRESTES ZIMMERMANN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Similar Efficacy ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Diminazene Aceturate ◽

Reverse Phase ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Dose Dependent Effect

SUMMARYThis study aimed to develop and test the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of diminazene aceturate encapsulated into liposomes (L-DMZ) on Trypanosoma evansi. To validate the in vitro tests with L-DMZ, the efficacy of a commercial formulation of diminazene aceturate (C-DMZ) was also assessed. The tests were carried out in culture medium for T. evansi, at concentrations of 0·25, 0·5, 1, 2 and 3 μg mL−1 of L-DMZ and C-DMZ. A dose-dependent effect was observed for both formulations (L-DMZ and C-DMZ), with the highest dose-dependent mortality of trypomastigotes being observed at 1 and 3 h after the onset of tests with L-DMZ. The results of in vivo tests showed the same effects in the animals treated with L-DMZ and C-DMZ in single doses of 3·5 mg kg−1 and for 5 consecutive days (3·5 mg kg−1 day−1). It was possible to conclude that T. evansi showed greater in vitro susceptibility to L-DMZ when compared with C-DMZ. In vivo tests suggest that treatment with the L-DMZ and C-DMZ showed similar efficacy in vivo. The potential of the formulation developed in this study was clearly demonstrated, as it increased the efficacy of the treatment against trypanosomosis, but more studies are needed to increase the effectiveness in vivo.

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Trypanosoma evansi infection in a German shepherd dog — Apparent successful treatment using serial low dose of diminazene aceturate

Veterinary Parasitology Regional Studies and Reports ◽

10.1016/j.vprsr.2016.03.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1-2 ◽

pp. 70-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Padma Nibash Panigrahi ◽

K. Mahendran ◽

Subas Chandra Jena ◽

Parthasarathi Behera ◽

Sumit Mahajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Successful Treatment ◽

Low Dose ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Diminazene Aceturate ◽

German Shepherd ◽

German Shepherd Dog

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Anti-Trypanosomal Activities of Crude and Alkaloidal Fraction of Diospyros mespiliformis (African Ebony) Leaf on Trypanosoma Evansi Infected Rats.

10.53858/arocnpr01016169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 61-69

Author(s):

Simon O. Abolarinwa ◽

P.C. Agbadoronye ◽

V.E. Oigbochie ◽

Z.M Ubabu ◽

E.N. Ifeanyichukwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

The Body ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Control Groups ◽

Diminazene Aceturate ◽

Curative Effect ◽

Group A ◽

Dose Dependent

African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects both humans and animals. This study investigated the antitrypanosomal activities of crude and an alkaloidal fraction of Diospyros mespiliformis in Trypanosoma evansi – infected rats. A total of twenty-one (21) albino rats were infected with Trypanosoma evansi and grouped into seven (A-G) of 3 rats each. Group A serve as normal control, groups B and C were given 0.2 ml normal saline/kg BW and 3.5 mg/kg BW diminazene aceturate respectively, groups D and E were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg BW alkaloidal while groups E and F received crude extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively for twelve days. Results revealed that both crude and an alkaloidal fraction of D. mespiliformis exhibited significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent antitrypanosomal activities. The crude extract exhibited 54.55±3.04 % (200 mg/kg BW) and 66.02±5.03 (200 mg/kg BW) curative effect while the alkaloidal fraction exhibited better antitrypanosomal activities with 68.68±2.34 % and 70.87±2.93 curative effect at 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. Furthermore, the crude extract prolonged the survival of the animals to 19.02±2.06 (200 mg/kg BW) and 22.90±3.78 (400 mg/kg BW) while the alkaloidal fraction at 100 and 200 mg/kg prolonged the survival of the mice to 23.45±1.24 and 29.34±3.45 days respectively and improved the body weight gain of the animals when compared with the non-treated control (13.24±1.33 days). In conclusion, the leaves of Diospyros mespiliformis could be employed for the treatment of T. evansi infection as an alternative to conventional medicines that are besieged with undesirable properties

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