The growth speed for the product of consecutive digits in Lüroth expansions

In the present study, the conformation of the tibia of seven genetic lines of broilers was analyzed by Geometric Morphometrics and correlated to carcass weight and walking ability. The used chicken genetic lines were classified as fast, medium, or slow growing and ranked for their walking ability. Six chicken types were reared in an organic farm and slaughtered at 81 days of age while one slow-growing and highly walking line (Naked Neck) was reared in a commercial farm and used as external reference for moving activity and growth speed. A mixed landmarks and semi-landmarks model was applied to the study of tibia shape. Results of this study showed that: (i) body weight gain was positively correlated to the curvature of the antero-posterior axis of the tibia; (ii) the shape of the tibia and the active walking behavior were significantly correlated; (iii) walking and not-walking genetic lines could be discriminated in relation to the overall shape of the tibia; (iv) a prevalence of static behavior was correlated to a more pronounced curvature of the antero-posterior axis of the tibia. Results of this study revealed that the walking genetic types have a more functional and natural tibia conformation. This easy morphologic method for evaluating tibia shape could help to characterize the adaptability of genotypes to organic and outdoor rearing.

Download Full-text

Chitosan Oligosaccharides Stimulate the Efficacy of Somatic Embryogenesis in Different Genotypes of the Liriodendron Hybrid

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12050557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 557

Author(s):

Asif Ali ◽

Jiaji Zhang ◽

Minmin Zhou ◽

Tingting Chen ◽

Liaqat Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽

Germination Ability ◽

Auxin Synthesis ◽

Branch Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Seed Setting Rate

Liriodendron hybrid (L. chinense × L. tulipifera), an essential medium-sized tree generally famous for its timber, is also used as an ornamental and greenery tool in many places around the world. The Liriodendron hybrid (L. hybrid) tree goes through many hurdles to achieve its maximum strength and vigor, such as loss of habitat, vast genetic variation, and low seed setting rate. The establishment of an effective and well-organized somatic embryogenesis (S.E.) system could be used to overcome these obstacles, rather than the old-fashioned seed culture and organogenesis. This study is based on the impact of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and its role in the induction of S.E. on the callus of four genotypes of the L. hybrid. The optimal concentration of COS could enhance the momentum and effectiveness in S.E.’s mechanism, which further improves the growth rate of the L. hybrid tree’s plantlets. This study shows that COS has a prominent role in endogenous hormones like indole acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (Z.T.), and gibberellic acid (GA3). Furthermore, COS improves the growth development, growth speed, as well as the development situation of plant germination ability. COS can also regulate branch development and root growth, which could be linked to the antagonistic effect on growth factors to some extent or by affecting auxin synthesis and polar transport.

Download Full-text

Daily Indexes for Predation and Growth of Nematophagous Mushrooms Species of Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae) on Panagrellus redividus

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n3p276 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Cleonice Lubian ◽

Danielle Dutra Martinha ◽

Roberto Luis Portz ◽

Alexandre Gonçalves dos Santos e Silva Filho ◽

Vagner Gularte Cortez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Test Evaluation ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Panagrellus Redivivus ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Living Organisms

Biological control is a method of controlling pests through the use of other living organisms. The purposes of this study were to test Hohenbuehelia species as biological control agents against Panagrellus redivivus in vitro, evaluating nematodes influence on mycelia growth; establishing daily indexes for predation and growth and setting predation percentage. Five species previously identified as 436-Hohenbuehelia mastrucata (Nematoctonus hamatus), 528-H. bullulifera (not described so far), 581-H. paraguayensis (N. sp.), 582-H. sp. (N. sp.) and 631-H. portegna (N. campylosporus) were submitted to anamorphic purification directly from basidioma. Afterwards, 100 nematodes were added to each pure colony for predation test. Evaluation started right after 24 hours of nematode-fungus interaction. Immobilized and/or penetrated nematodes were counted and mycelia growth was measured. Results were subjected to variance analyses. Hohenbuehelia mastrucata had the best performance in growth speed, followed by H. portegna and H. paraguayensis; Nematodes multiplyied much but none specie grew more as an influence of their movement under mycelium, however all species formed trap devices and some of them produced adhesive or repelent substances. Trap devices were formed in control plates also. The plates of H. paraguayensis without nematodes grew more than treatments. Cumulative predation of H. portegna was the highest at 24 (195.5%) and 48 hours (235%). At the last evaluation day, H. paraguayensis preyed the same amount (185.75%) than H. portegna, followed by H. mastrucata (109.51%). Resulst of predation daily indexes displayed chronological activity for each isolate, where H. portegna was very reactive at first 24 hours, H. mastrucata raised its predacious activity in 48 hours being constant from this time on and H. paraguayensis pointed out itself at 72 hours. Other species presented low predation and growth indexes throughout experiment.

Download Full-text

Bacterial growth laws reflect the evolutionary importance of energy efficiency

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1421138111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 406-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Arijit Maitra ◽

Ken A. Dill

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

High Energy ◽

Fast Growth ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

E Coli ◽

Growth Laws

We are interested in the balance of energy and protein synthesis in bacterial growth. How has evolution optimized this balance? We describe an analytical model that leverages extensive literature data on growth laws to infer the underlying fitness landscape and to draw inferences about what evolution has optimized inEscherichia coli. IsE. colioptimized for growth speed, energy efficiency, or some other property? Experimental data show that at its replication speed limit,E. coliproduces about four mass equivalents of nonribosomal proteins for every mass equivalent of ribosomes. This ratio can be explained if the cell’s fitness function is the the energy efficiency of cells under fast growth conditions, indicating a tradeoff between the high energy costs of ribosomes under fast growth and the high energy costs of turning over nonribosomal proteins under slow growth. This model gives insight into some of the complex nonlinear relationships between energy utilization and ribosomal and nonribosomal production as a function of cell growth conditions.

Download Full-text

Low-Temperature Diffusivity of Hydrogen in Different Silicon Substrates

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-378-359 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 378 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaojun Deng ◽

Bhushan L. Sopori

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Hydrogen Diffusion ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Silicon Substrates ◽

Vacancy Mechanism ◽

Speed Increase

AbstractThe diffusivity of deuterium (D) at 250°C was determined in silicon samples grown by different techniques. It is found that the diffusivity increases with the growth speed, increase in carbon content and a decrease in oxygen concentration of the substrate. These growth conditions correlate well with the concentration of vacancy-type defects in the as-grown state. Hence, we conclude that a vacancy mechanism is responsible for low-temperature hydrogen diffusion in silicon. The highest diffusivity for hydrogen, calculated from these data, was found to be 3 × 10−7 cm2/s.

Download Full-text

Effect of Alumina and Halloysite clay on Electrical tree growth in Silicone Rubber Nanocomposite

Journal of Engineering and Science Research ◽

10.26666/rmp.jesr.2018.3.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Tree Growth ◽

Silicone Rubber ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Growth Speed ◽

New Approach ◽

Undoped Material ◽

Electrical Tree ◽

Nano Alumina ◽

Tree Growth Rate ◽

Insulation Breakdown

Nowadays Silicone Rubber (SiR) is recommended in high voltage cable accessories fabrication as it offers excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Electrical tree is one of the phenomenon which contributes to the main factor of SiR insulation breakdown. Recently, a new approach has been applied in order to enhance the insulation strength properties by introducing nano filler in undoped material. Thus, this paper presents the influence of nano-alumina and halloysite nanoclay on electrical tree growth in SiR at 0, 1 vol%, 2 vol% and 3 vol% concentration. The electrical tree growth was investigated at 8kVrms after tree inception voltage (TIV) within 30 minutes under room temperature. The results show reductions of electrical tree growth speed and accumulate damage (%) up to 2 vol% nano-alumina and up to 3 vol% halloysite nanoclay. Nevertheless the presence of 3 vol% nano-alumina in SiR leads to the faster electrical tree growth rate and the worst accumulate damage within 1 minute of electrical tree growth process.

Download Full-text

The Impact of the Interaction of Financial and Industrial Structure on Economic Growth – Evidence from China

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202125101101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 251 ◽

pp. 01101

Author(s):

Yiqian Tan ◽

Fan Jiang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Industrial Structure ◽

Financial Structure ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Matching Effect ◽

Industrial Upgrading ◽

Slowing Down ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

In recent years, China’s economic growth speed has been slowing down, leading to the problems of overcapacity and unbalanced regional economic development, and the mismatch between industrial and financial structure is becoming intense. This paper, starting with the relationship among economic growth, industrial structure and financial structure, summarizes the research by the former scholars. On this basis, by using data of 31 provincial panel data in China from 2007 to 2016, the article aims to find out the relationship between the industrial structure and economic growth, the relationship between the financial structure and economic growth and the relationship between the interaction of financial and industrial structure and economic growth. Finally, the conclusions of this paper are obtained that the interaction between the financial structure and the industrial structure can promote the economic growth significantly. However, the matching effect of the financial structure and industrial structure in China has not been completely formed, and the industrial upgrading should be guided to be structurally reformed through the policy.

Download Full-text