Histopathological Features of Acral Melanocytic Nevi in Children: Study of 21 Cases

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Evans ◽  
Elizabeth S. Gray ◽  
Karen Blessing
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
The State ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Cytological Atypia ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Anatomic Subsite ◽  
Benign Nevi

Benign melanocytic lesions in children may give cause for some concern histologically. This is because they represent a specific entity, or they reflect the state of evolution of the lesion or the anatomical location. This latter phenomenon has been poorly documented in children. In this study, we address the problem of atypical features frequently seen in benign nevi from acral sites in a group of patients aged 18 years or less. Twenty-one cases (12 female, 9 male) were identified from the Department of Pathology files during the years 1975–1988. All were Caucasian. Histological examination revealed that 6 cases were congenital and 15 were aquired; of these, 19 cases (90%) had a junctional component and all of these exhibited architecture atypia in the form of either lentiginous proliferation (84%) or confluence of junctional nests (84%). Forty-two percent (8/19) showed a mixture of both. Thirty-seven percent (7/19) exhibited transepidermal elimination of melanocytic nests, with 13/19 (68%) showing single cell infiltration of the epidermis. Atypical size, shape, and location of the junctional nests were present in 10/19 cases (53%). Within this group there appears to be no relationship between the age of the patient and the degree of architectural atypia. Mild cytological atypia was common. This report stresses the importance of anatomic subsite in the assessment of melanocytic lesions in children as well as in adults.

scholarly journals CONDITION OF FETOPLACENTIAL COMPLEX IN PATIENTS AFTER APPLICATION OF ART

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Issenova ◽  
G.Zh. Bodykov ◽  
A.S. Shukirbaeva ◽  
M.O. Kubesova ◽  
L. Ziyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
The State ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Spontaneous Pregnancy ◽  
Comparative Group ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

A retrospective analysis was carried out according to the archival material of the center of perinatology and pediatric cardiac surgery in Almaty for 2017-2018. The analysis was carried out in 2 groups: the main group - 250 histories of women giving birth after IVF and the comparative group - 250 histories of women giving birth to spontaneous pregnancy. The condition of the feto-placental complex was assessed by studying the data of ultrasound, Dopplerometry, CTG, histological examination. The study shows that in women after the use of ART, the absence of pronounced blood flow disorders in the mother-placenta-fetus system according to Dopple-rometry is important and significant, which contributes to the favorable course of pregnancy and the state of the fetus, as well as the presence of morphological signs of placental insufficiency in 68% of cases inflammatory changes in the placenta in 57% of cases of varying severity.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal single-cell profiling of gastrointestinal GVHD reveals invasive and resident memory T cell states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Tkachev ◽  
James Kaminski ◽  
E. Lake Potter ◽  
Scott N. Furlan ◽  
Alison Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Tissue Invasion ◽  
T Cell Infiltration

ABSTRACTOne of the central challenges in the field of allo-immunity is deciphering the mechanisms driving T cells to infiltrate and subsequently occupy target organs to cause disease. The act of CD8-dominated T cell infiltration is critical to acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), wherein donor T cells become activated, tissue-infiltrating and highly cytotoxic, causing wide-spread tissue damage after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT). However, in human and non-human primate studies, deconvolving the transcriptional programs of newly recruited relative to resident memory T cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has remained a challenge. In this study, we combined the novel technique of Serial Intravascular Staining (SIVS) with single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-seq) to enable detailed dissection of the tightly connected processes by which T cells first infiltrate tissues and then establish a pathogenic tissue residency program after allo-HCT in non-human primates. Our results have enabled the creation of a spatiotemporal map of the transcriptional drivers of CD8 T cell infiltration into the primary aGVHD target-organ, the GI tract. We identify the large and small intestines as the only two sites demonstrating allo-specific, rather than lymphdepletion-driven T cell infiltration. The donor CD8 T cells that infiltrate the GI tract demonstrate a highly activated, cytotoxic phenotype while simultaneously rapidly developing canonical tissue-resident memory (TRM) protein expression and transcriptional signatures, driven by IL-15/IL-21 signaling. Moreover, by combining SIVS and transcriptomic analysis, we have been able to work backwards from this pathogenic TRM programing, and, for the first time, identify a cluster of genes directly associated with tissue invasiveness, prominently including specific chemokines and adhesion molecules and their receptors, as well as a central cytoskeletal transcriptional node. The clinical relevance of this new tissue invasion signature was validated by its ability to discriminate the CD8 T cell transcriptome of patients with GI aGVHD. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms controlling tissue infiltration and pathogenic CD8 TRM transcriptional programing, uncovering critical transitions in allo-immune tissue invasion and destruction.One sentence summaryFlow cytometric and transcriptomic analysis reveals coordinated tissue-infiltration and tissue-residency programs driving gastrointestinal aGVHD.

Management and Dermoscopy of Fast-Growing Nevi in Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zampetti ◽  
Claudio Feliciani ◽  
Francesco Landi ◽  
M.L. Capaldo ◽  
M. Rotoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Melanocytic Lesion ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The relationship between pregnancy and a change in melanocytic nevi is still controversial. Moreover, management of the rapid evolution of a nevus in an unauspicious melanocytic lesion can be a clinical challenge in pregnancy. Methods: This article examines a case of a fast-growing deep penetrating nevus in a pregnant woman and provides a literature review of articles relative to pregnancy and nevi change, the management of fast-growing pigmented lesions, and the role and usefulness of dermoscopy in these cases. Results: Recent studies have documented that pregnancy is not associated with any significant change in the size of melanocytic nevi. The management of fast-growing melanocytic lesions during this period compulsorily leans toward excision. Dermoscopy can be useful, providing clinicohistopathologic correlations and a better assignment of the lesion. Conclusion: This case report and review provide important management considerations for nevi during pregnancy. Early intervention with aggressive treatment measures is the best management for fast-growing lesions, and epiluminescence dermoscopy can assist the management, although still remaining a second-level examination, useful for documentation and for a better classification of the lesion.

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF CHANGE DURING THE DERMOSCOPIC FOLLOW-UP OF MELANOCYTIC LESIONS IN HIGH RISK PATIENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Ungureanu ◽  
Alina Letcă ◽  
Simona Corina Șenilă ◽  
Ana Sorina Dănescu ◽  
Rodica Cosgarea
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Asymmetric Growth ◽  
Over Time

Background. Melanomas and melanocytic nevi that change over time display different change patterns, correlated with histopathological features.Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the dermoscopic images corresponding to 86 lesions excised due to the changes occurred during the follow-up period in patients at high risk for melanoma, and we drew a comparison between the changes occurring in melanomas and those occurring in melanocytic nevi.Results. There were significant differences between the models of dermoscopic change characteristic to melanoma and those characteristic to melanocytic nevi. We observed changes with high specificity for the diagnosis of melanoma – asymmetric growth (Sp=90%), new structureless grey-blue areas (Sp=97.5%) or new grey-blue network (Sp=96.25%), new pseudopods or radial streaks (Sp=95%).Conclusion. Our study highlights highly specific changes whose presence should raise the suspicion of melanoma and lead to the excision of the lesion.

scholarly journals Spontaneous poisoning by Leucaena leucocephalai in a goat from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Vargas Peixoto ◽  
Ticiana Nascimento França ◽  
Bernardo Melo Cunha ◽  
Danielle Valadão Albernaz Mattos Tavares ◽  
Marilene Farias Brito
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The State ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
Main Meal ◽  
Janeiro State

Poisoning of a goat by Leucaena leucocephalai (Leg. Mimosoideae) in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described. Fresh leaves of the plant were ingested as the animal's main meal for at least 4 months before it developed total alopecia. At necropsy the thyroid was moderately enlarged. Histological examination revealed a decrease in the number of hair follicles (empty or in telogenic phase), vacuolation of keratinocytes of the epidermis and hair follicles, and superficial and follicular hyperkeratosis. Myxedema was found between skeletal and cardiac muscles fibers, in the kidneys, and in the submucosa/muscular layer of the digestive tract. The thyroid follicles were enlarged and filled with copious amounts of colloid (colloidal goiter). Although L. leucocephala is common in several tropical regions, natural poisoning by this plant in goats seems to be rare. It is the first report about spontaneous poisoning in goats by L. leucocephala in Brazil.

scholarly journals DERMOSCOPY OF THE MONTH Nevi with Site-Related Atypia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Tanja Tirnanić ◽  
Dimitrije Brašanac ◽  
Lidija Kandolf Sekulović
Keyword(s):  
Histological Features ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Anatomic Locations ◽  
Benign Nevi ◽  
Present Site

Abstract The term “nevi of special sites” refers to melanocytic nevi of specific anatomic locations including the breast, axillae, umbilicus, genitalia, flexural areas, acral surfaces, ear, scalp and the conjunctiva. Nevi from these anatomic sites display sometimes dermoscopic and histological features of melanoma, resulting in unnecessarily high rates of excisions and re-excisions. Some authors have categorized nevi excised in the axillary, breast, umbilical and perineal areas as the nevi of the milk line. Two patients, a 32-year-old female and 23-year-old male with breast and periumbilical pigmented lesions, presented to our Department during 2017. Dermoscopy revealed features that were highly specific for melanoma. Excisional biopsies were done and histopathology revealed benign nevi with present site-related atypia. Irregular blotches, non-uniform radial streaks, blue-gray veil, and regression are the most specific features of melanoma of the breast and flexural areas. Excision is always recommended in pigmented lesions on the breast and flexural areas, which exhibit these features. However, larger studies are needed to define specific criteria required to distinguish special-site nevi from melanoma.

scholarly journals Single cell transcriptomics reveals the effect of PD-L1/TGF-β blockade on the tumor microenvironment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoong Wearn Lim ◽  
Garry L. Coles ◽  
Savreet K. Sandhu ◽  
David S. Johnson ◽  
Adam S. Adler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
T Cell Infiltration ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

AbstractBackgroundThe anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies correlates with T cell infiltration in tumors. Thus, a major goal in oncology is to find strategies that enhance T cell infiltration and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. TGF-β has been shown to contribute to T cell exclusion and anti-TGF-β improves anti-PD-L1 efficacy in vivo. However, TGF-β inhibition has frequently been shown to induce toxicity in the clinic, and the clinical efficacy of combination PD-L1 and TGF-β blockade has not yet been proven. To identify strategies to overcome resistance to PD-L1 blockade, the transcriptional programs associated with PD-L1 and/or TGF-β blockade in the tumor microenvironment should be further elucidated.ResultsFor the first time, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptomic effects of PD-L1 and/or TGF-β blockade on nearly 30,000 single cells in the tumor and surrounding microenvironment. Combination treatment led to upregulation of immune response genes, including multiple chemokine genes such as CCL5, in CD45+ cells, and down-regulation of extracellular matrix genes in CD45-cells. Analysis of publicly available tumor transcriptome profiles showed that the chemokine CCL5 was strongly associated with immune cell infiltration in various human cancers. Further investigation with in vivo models showed that intratumorally administered CCL5 enhanced cytotoxic lymphocytes and the anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-L1.ConclusionsTaken together, our data could be leveraged translationally to improve anti-PD-L1 plus anti-TGF-β combination therapy, for example through companion biomarkers, and/or to identify novel targets that could be modulated to overcome resistance.

scholarly journals A Case of Late Delayed Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma After 27 Years After First Excision

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Claudio Bravin ◽  
◽  
Carlo Braga ◽  
Gaetana Rizzi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Mitotic Rate ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Abdominal Lesion

We report a case of an ultra-late delayed metastasis of malignant melanoma 27 years after the excision of the first tumor. The patient is a 67 years old Italian woman. She underwent a primary excision of a skin lesion of 1cm in diameter on the lower third of the left leg in 1984 when she was 39. According to the histological examination the lesion was a lentigo malign melanoma with an epithelial histological pattern with intra- and subepidermal diffusion. The lesion was 2.2 mm in thickness (Breslow) and was a Clark level IV melanoma; mitotic rate was 6 mitosis/mm2. No melanocytic lesions were found on excision edges and no lymph nodes were removed and examined. In March 2011, when the woman was 67 years old, an inguinal lymph node and an intraabdominal lesion were considered suspect for neoplastic process during a clinical exam of the GP. A histological examination and an eco-imaging procedure described the lesions as metastasis of malignant melanoma probably related to the first skin tumor. Within a few days she was treated with the excision of the abdominal lesion, the total greater omentectomy and the lymphadenectomy of the left inguinal region. Histological examination confirmed the suspect of metastasis of the first melanoma with a predominant epithelioid growing pattern. This case underlines the need of a long-term follow-up period for patients with melanoma.

scholarly journals Multiplexed Immunohistochemistry and Digital Pathology as the Foundation for Next-Generation Pathology in Melanoma: Methodological Comparison and Future Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Van Herck ◽  
Asier Antoranz ◽  
Madhavi Dipak Andhari ◽  
Giorgia Milli ◽  
Oliver Bechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Single Cell Profiling

The state-of-the-art for melanoma treatment has recently witnessed an enormous revolution, evolving from a chemotherapeutic, “one-drug-for-all” approach, to a tailored molecular- and immunological-based approach with the potential to make personalized therapy a reality. Nevertheless, methods still have to improve a lot before these can reliably characterize all the tumoral features that make each patient unique. While the clinical introduction of next-generation sequencing has made it possible to match mutational profiles to specific targeted therapies, improving response rates to immunotherapy will similarly require a deep understanding of the immune microenvironment and the specific contribution of each component in a patient-specific way. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence and single-cell profiling of resected tumor samples are paving the way for this challenging task. In this review, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in artificial intelligence and multiplexed immunohistochemistry in pathology, and how these bear the potential to improve diagnostics and therapy matching in melanoma. A major asset of in-situ single-cell profiling methods is that these preserve the spatial distribution of the cells in the tissue, allowing researchers to not only determine the cellular composition of the tumoral microenvironment, but also study tissue sociology, making inferences about specific cell-cell interactions and visualizing distinctive cellular architectures - all features that have an impact on anti-tumoral response rates. Despite the many advantages, the introduction of these approaches requires the digitization of tissue slides and the development of standardized analysis pipelines which pose substantial challenges that need to be addressed before these can enter clinical routine.

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