scholarly journals Evolution and assessment of a nitrate vulnerable zone over 20 years: Gallocanta groundwater body (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2207-2221
Author(s):  
J. M. Orellana-Macías ◽  
D. Merchán ◽  
J. Causapé
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Body

scholarly journals An Approach to Delineate Groundwater Bodies at Risk: Seawater Intrusion in Liepāja (Latvia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 00003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bikše ◽  
I. Retike
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Chemical Status ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Groundwater Body

Groundwater quality in coastal areas is frequently affected by seawater intrusion as a consequence of intensive water consumption. To achieve “good chemical status” of a groundwater body according to Water Framework Directive the effects of saline or other intrusions should not be observed. Groundwater pumping in former decades has caused a significant seawater intrusion into confined aquifer in Liepāja and has led to deterioration of relatively wide coastal area of the third largest city in Latvia. However, the area affected by seawater intrusion is a small part of groundwater body F1 which overall chemical status is good. Thus, no specific management measures have been applied to explore and control seawater intrusion. A political decision was made to delineate the area affected by seawater intrusion as new groundwater body at risk- F5. This study demonstrates simple approach for delineation of groundwater bodies at risk in coastal areas. Delineation process was based on chloride concentration gradient along the well profile and gradient based buffers. Finally, the worst-case scenario was selected for delineation of boundaries.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Integrated Nitrate Reduction across the Unsaturated Zone and the Groundwater Body in Germany

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2456
Author(s):  
Lukas Knoll ◽  
Uwe Häußermann ◽  
Lutz Breuer ◽  
Martin Bach
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Groundwater Body

Nitrate pollution in groundwater and its mitigation strategies is currently a topic of controversial debate in Germany, and the demand for harmonised approaches for the implementation of regulations is increasing. Important factors that need to be considered when planning mitigation measures are the nitrogen inputs into water bodies and the natural nitrate reduction capacity. The present study introduces a nationwide, harmonised and simplified approach for estimating nitrate reduction as an integral quantity across the unsaturated zone and the groundwater body. The nitrate reduction rates vary from 0% to 100%, and are on average 57%, with high values in the north of Germany and low values in the south. Hydrogeological characteristics are associated with the estimated nitrate reduction rates, whereby the influence of aquifer type and redox conditions are particularly relevant. The nitrate reduction rates are substantially higher in porous aquifers and under anaerobic conditions than in fractured, consolidated aquifers and under aerobic conditions. This contribution presents a harmonised conceptual approach to derive the nitrate reduction rate at a 1 km × 1 km resolution. This information can be used when planning and designing mitigation measures to meet the groundwater nitrate limits.

scholarly journals Stochastic hydro-economic model for groundwater quality management using Bayesian networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Luis Molina ◽  
Manuel Pulido-Velázquez ◽  
Carlos Llopis-Albert ◽  
Salvador Peña-Haro
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Normative Development ◽  
Streamflow Depletion ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Groundwater Body ◽  
Flow And Mass Transport

A strong normative development in Europe, including the Nitrate Directive (1991) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000), has been promulgated. The WFD states that all water bodies have to reach a good quantitative and chemical status by 2015. It is necessary to consider different objectives, often in conflict, for tackling a suitable assessment of the impacts generated by water policies aimed to reduce nitrate pollution in groundwater. For that, an annual lumped probabilistic model based on Bayesian networks (BNs) has been designed for hydro-economic modelling of groundwater quality control under uncertain conditions. The information introduced in the BN model comes from different sources such as previous groundwater flow and mass transport simulations, hydro-economic models, stakeholders and expert opinion, etc. The methodology was applied to the El Salobral–Los Llanos aquifer unit within the ‘Easter Mancha’ groundwater body, which is one of the largest aquifers in Spain (7,400 km2), included in the Júcar River Basin. Over the past 30 years, socioeconomic development within the region has been mainly depending on intensive use of groundwater resources for irrigating crops. This has provoked a continuous groundwater level fall in the last two decades and significant streamflow depletion in the connected Júcar River. This BN model has proved to be a robust Decision Support System for helping water managers in the decision making process.

scholarly journals Arsenic adsorption using Fe(III)-loaded porous amidoximated acrylonitrile/itaconic copolymers

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-706
Author(s):  
Chunnuan Ji ◽  
Suwen Sun ◽  
Shenghua Chi ◽  
Rongjun Qu ◽  
Changmei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Selectivity ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Simulated Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Body

A highly selective polymeric ligand exchanger was developed for the removal of trace As(V) from aqueous solution. This adsorbent was prepared by loading Fe(III) onto porous amidoximated polyacrynitrile (AN)/itaconic acid (IA) copolymers (Fe(III)-AO AN/IA). Negligible ferric ion dissolution was observed from Fe(III)-AO AN/IA in solution of acidic pHs up to 2. As(V) adsorption by Fe(III)-AO AN/IA is a pH-dependent process with maximum capacity of 1.32 mg/g at pH 2–3. The adsorption process was found to be governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics, and could be described by the Freundlich model. Fe(III)-AO AN/IA had higher adsorption selectivity for As(V) than other anions in a simulated groundwater body such as Cl−, SO42−, PO43−, SiO32−. Fixed-bed adsorption indicated that As(V) in simulated groundwater could be effectively captured from 400 μg/L to <10 μg/L within 190 bed volumes (BV). The As(V) adsorbed on Fe(III)-AO AN/IA could be efficiently eluted with 10 BV of 5% NaCl solution (at pH = 9.0).

scholarly journals Sustainable yield of the Colle Quartara carbonate aquifer in the Southern Lepini Mountains (Central Italy)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Conte ◽  
Pio Di Manna ◽  
Rossella Maria Gafà ◽  
Lucio Martarelli ◽  
Gennaro Maria Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Carbonate Aquifer ◽  
First Results ◽  
Result Interpretation ◽  
Groundwater Body

The present research is aimed to contribute to the groundwater resource sustainable management of a carbonate aquifer in a test area of the Lepini Mountains (Central Italy). This aquifer constitutes a major exploited groundwater body of central Apennines. At regional scale, the hydrogeological features of the Lepini hydrostructure are well known. The present study focuses on a portion of the Lepini Mountains where important tapping-works for drinking water supply are in activity (about 1.2 m3/s). New investigations were carried out including: meteo-climatic analysis, spring discharge and hydrometric time series processing, pumping test result interpretation. In addition, a detailed lithostratigraphical and structural survey of a portion of the Lepini hydrostructure at 1:10,000 scale was performed also examining the dense network of discontinuities affecting the carbonate aquifer. Extensional Plio-Pleistocene tectonic activity displaced the carbonate rock sequence under the Pontina Plain, where the carbonate aquifer is confined. The investigation results have allowed the reconstruction of the hydrogeological conceptual model of the studied portion of carbonate massif. Given the scale of the study and the results of the investigation, the carbonate aquifer can be treated as an equivalent porous medium, and the simplified numerical model of the aquifer was constructed with the code MODFLOW-2005. The numerical model, still now under continuous implementation, produced first results on the current withdrawal sustainability, allowing evaluation of possible alternative exploitation scenarios of the carbonate aquifer also considering the probably not significant flow exchanges with the Pontina Plain aquifer.

scholarly journals New Data on Seawater Intrusion in Liepāja (Latvia) and Methodology for Establishing Background Levels and Threshold Values in Groundwater Body at Risk F5

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 00027 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Retike ◽  
J. Bikše
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depression Cone ◽  
Groundwater Body

Intensive water consumption in former decades caused formation of large depression cone near city Liepāja and resulted with seawater intrusion into Upper Devonian Mūru-Žagaru confined freshwater aquifer. Area affected by seawater intrusion is delineated as separate groundwater body at risk (F5) and according to Groundwater Directive threshold values for groundwater bodies at risk must be established to assess the status of a body and identify possible trends. Correct estimation of background levels is significant for determination of threshold values. This study shows an updated so called “BRIDGE” methodology for determination of background levels. A two-step approach how to establish background levels in much stricter manner is presented. Also, data on major ion chemistry, biogenic and trace elements in groundwater and seawater from sampling campaign in 2017 are displayed. Dataset include unique seawater sample taken from Baltic Sea. Finally, the calculated seawater fraction results in groundwater samples shows up to 50 % presence of seawater which decrease with increasing distance from the coast and increasing screen interval.

The Guarani Aquifer System – from regional reserves to local use

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. qjegh2020-091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Hirata ◽  
Stephen Foster
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Guarani Aquifer ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Active Flow ◽  
Groundwater Body

The Guarani Aquifer System is a massive groundwater body underlying large areas of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina, with a thickness of 50–600 m (averaging about 250 m). It is one of the world's largest sandstone aquifers. The mainly weakly-cemented sandstones were formed by aeolian, fluvial and lacustrine continental deposition during the Triassic–Jurassic period and are overlain by extensive Cretaceous basalt lava-flows. The system is totally storage-dominated, with recharge amounting to only about 0.2% of the estimated 30 000 km3 of water stored. Using 14C and81Kr techniques, it was possible to confirm extremely slow flow rates, with groundwater older than 730 000 years BP in some parts of São Paulo State, Brazil. The vast regional freshwater storage contrasts sharply with localized active flow systems of recharge areas, which are strongly impacted by land-use change. The aquifer is the best known and most exploited in São Paulo State (80% of total extraction) and the experience of groundwater use for the supply of Ribeirão Preto and São José do Rio Preto (both with populations of over 0.5 million), together with one transboundary urban area, will be summarized.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Hydrogeology of Sandstone collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/hydrogeology-of-sandstone

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