scholarly journals Intelligence augmentation: rethinking the future of work by leveraging human performance and abilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Harborth ◽  
Katharina Kümpers
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Practical Recommendations

AbstractNowadays, digitalization has an immense impact on the landscape of jobs. This technological revolution creates new industries and professions, promises greater efficiency and improves the quality of working life. However, emerging technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are reducing human intervention, thus advancing automation and eliminating thousands of jobs and whole occupational images. To prepare employees for the changing demands of work, adequate and timely training of the workforce and real-time support of workers in new positions is necessary. Therefore, it is investigated whether user-oriented technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) can be applied “on-the-job” for such training and support—also known as intelligence augmentation (IA). To address this problem, this work synthesizes results of a systematic literature review as well as a practically oriented search on augmented reality and virtual reality use cases within the IA context. A total of 150 papers and use cases are analyzed to identify suitable areas of application in which it is possible to enhance employees' capabilities. The results of both, theoretical and practical work, show that VR is primarily used to train employees without prior knowledge, whereas AR is used to expand the scope of competence of individuals in their field of expertise while on the job. Based on these results, a framework is derived which provides practitioners with guidelines as to how AR or VR can support workers at their job so that they can keep up with anticipated skill demands. Furthermore, it shows for which application areas AR or VR can provide workers with sufficient training to learn new job tasks. By that, this research provides practical recommendations in order to accompany the imminent distortions caused by AI and similar technologies and to alleviate associated negative effects on the German labor market.

scholarly journals Ensino das Ciências Imerso em Ambientes Virtuais Multiusuários

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Marisa Pascarelli Agrello ◽  
Marianina Impagliazzo ◽  
Joaquim José Escola
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Virtual Objects ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Experiences

ResumoNo presente artigo apresentamos a experiência realizada com o uso dos softwares de realidade aumentada (RA) e a realidade virtual (RV) em cenários para o Ensino das Ciências objetivando atender a Era da Educação 4 por meio de manipulação de objetos virtuais.Com aplicações distintas, as duas tecnologias são complementares e se configuram como ferramentas adicionais aos docentes com a proposta de elevar a qualidade das aulas e a geração de uma aprendizagem significativa representando uma ponte entre a educação e a tecnologia. Como objetos virtuais de aprendizagem (OVA), deverão ser usados em sala de aula como forma de enriquecimento das experiências práticas por meio da representação virtual de temas e contextos tornando mais ativa, contextualizada e efetiva o processo de apreensão do mundo. Palavras-chave: realidade virtual, realidade aumentada, ensino das ciências, tecnologias educacionais. Abstract In the present article we present the experience with the use of software of augmented reality (RA) and virtual reality (VR) in scenarios for the Teaching of Sciences in order to attend the Age 4 of Education through manipulation of virtual objects, the two technologies are complementary and are configured as additional tools for teachers with the proposal of raising the quality of lessons and generating meaningful learning as a bridge between education and technology. As virtuais learning objects, they should be used in the classroom as a way to enrich practical experiences through virtual representation of themes and contexts, making the process of apprehension of the world more active, contextualized and effective. Keywords: virtual reality, augmented reality, science teaching, educational technologies.

Digital Twin: Collaborative Virtual Reality Environment for Multi-Purpose Industrial Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kuts ◽  
Tauno Otto ◽  
Yevhen Bondarenko ◽  
Fei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
System Level ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
System Level Simulation ◽  
Smart Healthcare

Abstract Industrial Digital Twins (DT) is the precise virtual representation of the manufacturing environment and mainly consists of the system-level simulation, which combines both manufacturing processes and parametric models of the product. As being one of the pillars of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, DT-s are widely integrated into the existing factories, enhancing the concept of the virtual factories. View from the research perspective is that experiments on the Internet of Things, data acquisition, cybersecurity, telemetry synchronization with physical factories, etc. are being executed in those virtual simulations. Moreover, new ways of interactions and interface to oversee, interact and learn are being developed via the assistance of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies, which are already widely spread on the consumer market. However, already, VR is being used widely in existing commercial software packages and toolboxes to provide students, teachers, operators, engineers, production managers, and researchers with an immersive way of interacting with the factory while the manufacturing simulation is running. This gives a better understanding and more in-depth knowledge of the actual manufacturing processes, not being directly accessing those. However, the virtual presence mentioned above experience is limited to a single person. It does not enable additional functionalities for the simulations, which can be re-planning or even re-programming of the physical factory in an online connection by using VR or AR interfaces. The main aim of the related research paper is to enhance already existing fully synchronized with physical world DT-s with multi-user experience, enabling factory operators to work with and re-program the real machinery from remote locations in a more intuitive way instead thinking about final aim than about the process itself. Moreover, being developed using real-time platform Unity3D, this multiplayer solution gives opportunities for training and educational purposes and is connecting people from remote locations of the world. Use-cases exploits industrial robots placed in the Industrial Virtual and Augmented Reality Laboratory environment of Tallinn University of Technology and a mobile robot solution developed based on a collaboration between the University of Southern Denmark and a Danish company. Experiments are being performed on the connection between Estonia and Denmark while performing reprogramming tasks of the physical heavy industrial robots. Furthermore, the mobile robot solution is demonstrated in a virtual warehouse environment. Developed methods and environments together with the collected data will enable us to widen the use-cases with non-manufacturing scenarios, i.e., smart city and smart healthcare domains, for the creation of a set of new interfaces and multiplayer experiences.

scholarly journals The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Ayoub ◽  
Yeshwanth Pulijala
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Virtual reality is the science of creating a virtual environment for the assessment of various anatomical regions of the body for the diagnosis, planning and surgical training. Augmented reality is the superimposition of a 3D real environment specific to individual patient onto the surgical filed using semi-transparent glasses to augment the virtual scene.. The aim of this study is to provide an over view of the literature on the application of virtual and augmented reality in oral & maxillofacial surgery. Methods We reviewed the literature and the existing database using Ovid MEDLINE search, Cochran Library and PubMed. All the studies in the English literature in the last 10 years, from 2009 to 2019 were included. Results We identified 101 articles related the broad application of virtual reality in oral & maxillofacial surgery. These included the following: Eight systematic reviews, 4 expert reviews, 9 case reports, 5 retrospective surveys, 2 historical perspectives, 13 manuscripts on virtual education and training, 5 on haptic technology, 4 on augmented reality, 10 on image fusion, 41 articles on the prediction planning for orthognathic surgery and maxillofacial reconstruction. Dental implantology and orthognathic surgery are the most frequent applications of virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual planning improved the accuracy of inserting dental implants using either a statistic guidance or dynamic navigation. In orthognathic surgery, prediction planning and intraoperative navigation are the main applications of virtual reality. Virtual reality has been utilised to improve the delivery of education and the quality of training in oral & maxillofacial surgery by creating a virtual environment of the surgical procedure. Haptic feedback provided an additional immersive reality to improve manual dexterity and improve clinical training. Conclusion Virtual and augmented reality have contributed to the planning of maxillofacial procedures and surgery training. Few articles highlighted the importance of this technology in improving the quality of patients’ care. There are limited prospective randomized studies comparing the impact of virtual reality with the standard methods in delivering oral surgery education.

scholarly journals Virtual and augmented reality technologies in Human Performance: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Brusque Crocetta ◽  
Sandra Rogéria de Oliveira ◽  
Carla Maria de Liz ◽  
Alexandro Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Information And Communication

Abstract Introduction : Today's society is influenced by Information and Communication Technologies. Toys that were once built by hand have been reinterpreted and have become highly commercialized products. In this context, games using Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies are present in the everyday lives of children, youth and adults. Objective : To investigate how Physical Education professionals in Brazil have been making use of AR and VR games to benefit their work. Materials and methods : We only included studies that addressed exercise or physical activity using AR or VR games. We searched the databases of Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), using the words augmented reality, virtual reality, exergames, Wii and serious games. Results : Nineteen articles were included in the systematic review. The most frequently used device was the Nintendo(r) Wii, with over 25 different kinds of games. With regard to the subjects of the studies, four studies were conducted with healthy individuals (mean = 65.7), three with patients with Parkinson's disease (mean = 18.0), three with elderly women (mean = 7.7) and two with patients with stroke injury (mean = 6.0). Conclusion : Many physical therapists and occupational therapists use serious games with AR or VR technologies as another work tool, especially for rehabilitation practices. The fact that these technologies are also used in Physical Education classes in Brazil indicates that electronic games are available and can be a tool that can contribute to the widespread adoption of exercise as an enjoyable form of recreation.

scholarly journals The Quality of Platform Employment: Unstable (Precarious) Forms, Regulatory Practices, Challenges for Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Labor ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Under the influence of a number of economic, technological and demographic drivers, platform employment has radically increased in the world over the past decade. The regulation of platform employment is an important issue concerning the labor market as a whole and its individual actors. Currently, regulation is provided by the platforms themselves. Such forms of regulation can lead to unfair competition between platforms, the problem of confidentiality of personal data, information asymmetry. Despite the potential of digital labor platforms in terms of providing new employment opportunities, the elements of precarious employment with the development of platforms are expanding their penetration into the sphere of labor relations. Thus, improving the quality of working life will require government intervention and labor compliance. It is necessary to create legal norms that provide basic protection for workers, transparency and equal conditions for all participants in platform employment. This is recognized by both labor market experts, labor unions, and politicians. The article analyzes the international experience in regulating digital labor platforms. The necessity of regulation of platform employment is substantiated. A number of practical recommendations relevant to the Russian Federation have been made, problem fields have been identified that require further research.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Stress and Negative Effects Connected with Scientific Work among Polish Researchers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5117
Author(s):  
Radosław Wolniak ◽  
Adam R. Szromek
Keyword(s):  
Working Life ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Academic Degrees

In researchers’ work nowadays there is a big and increasing amount of stress. In this paper, we have conducted an analysis of this problem because we think it is necessary to cope with it to increase the academic workers’ quality of working life. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of stress load of Polish researchers concerning subsequent academic degrees and titles. Based on research, we can say that the level of stress load of Polish researchers concerning subsequent academic degrees and titles is differentiated—the least stressful is professorship, then doctoral thesis, and the most stressful is the habilitation. When analyzing the most frequently observed afflictions that the respondents associate with scientific procedures, it can be stated that these are irritation, nervousness, and aggression, as well as mild stress in the form of headache or stress, which was observed for at least half of the researchers. Almost every three respondents suffered from some kind of psychological problems (depression, depressed mood for a longer period, addictions, the necessity to undergo therapy), and 28.9% suffered from psychosomatic disorders (for example, pain of unknown source of limbs and of internal organs).

scholarly journals Application of virtual and augmented reality in automotive

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Čujan ◽  
Gabriel Fedorko ◽  
Nikoleta Mikušová
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Engineering Work ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Quality Of Products

AbstractNowadays, virtual reality enters engineering work. It is widely used in various sectors. It brings new possibilities that result is increasing of productivity and reliability of production, quality of products and processes. One of the areas where virtual reality has been used more and more is logistics. Virtual reality and especially augmented reality offer above all in the area of logistics a perspective related with increasing of effectiveness of processes.Wide possibilities for virtual reality use in logistics can be found in the automotive industry. The paper describes an application of the method of video-mapping in storage logistics. The paper also describes its practical use as a tool for increasing the efficiency of logistics processes, which was presented by a reduction of the processing time of the shipment picking by 10%. The paper also points out the possibilities for applying this method in other industrial areas, it is possible to use the experience gained in automotive and described in this paper.

Beyond Virtual and Augmented Reality

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-265
Author(s):  
Arnold Japutra ◽  
Ricardo Godinho Bilro ◽  
Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Negative Impacts

The chapter presents how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is combining with Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. The evolution of AI is discussed, as well as its consequences. The chapter also provides an overview of the four types of intelligence in AI, and provides positive and negative impacts for society. The discussion on positive and negative effects of AI brings to light how it can help humans, but at the same time, how it can also transform society and firms. The rise of hybrid humans may be a turning point to develop a new global order, with new laws, justice, rights, and duties.

scholarly journals Workers’ quality of working life and privatisation: Insights from a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Mehadi Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Working Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Impact

Privatisation affects tens of thousands of workers in Bangladesh, though most research has focused on the relationships between privatisation and profitability of this developing country’s privatisation programmes. This study, therefore, is an attempt to shed light on workers who are very vulnerable and examines the impact of privatisation on workers’ quality of working life. Employing document analysis and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with privatised and state-owned organisations’ workers in Bangladesh, this study finds that workers’ compensation, job security, access to trade unions, and leave entitlements in most privatised case study organisations are less than their counterparts in comparable state-owned organisations. These findings aim at contributing to the body of research by empirically investigating the impact of privatisation on workers who are left behind and possess important implications for the privatisation programmes in Bangladesh as it informs that there is a need to reassess the privatisation programmes through greater awareness of the negative effects of privatisation on workers and renew efforts to develop an approach that is sensitive to the Bangladeshi context.

scholarly journals Guidance in Cinematic Virtual Reality-Taxonomy, Research Status and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Rothe ◽  
Daniel Buschek ◽  
Heinrich Hußmann
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Viewing Experience

In Cinematic Virtual Reality (CVR), the viewer of an omnidirectional movie can freely choose the viewing direction when watching a movie. Therefore, traditional techniques in filmmaking for guiding the viewers’ attention cannot be adapted directly to CVR. Practices such as panning or changing the frame are no longer defined by the filmmaker; rather it is the viewer who decides where to look. In some stories, it is necessary to show certain details to the viewer, which should not be missed. At the same time, the freedom of the viewer to look around in the scene should not be destroyed. Therefore, techniques are needed which guide the attention of the spectator to visual information in the scene. Attention guiding also has the potential to improve the general viewing experience, since viewers will be less afraid to miss something when watching an omnidirectional movie where attention-guiding techniques have been applied. In recent years, there has been a lot of research about attention guiding in images, movies, virtual reality, augmented reality and also in CVR. We classify these methods and offer a taxonomy for attention-guiding methods. Discussing the different characteristics, we elaborate the advantages and disadvantages, give recommendations for use cases and apply the taxonomy to several examples of guiding methods.

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