scholarly journals Possible tics diagnosed as stereotypies in patients with severe autism spectrum disorder: a video-based evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Termine ◽  
Enzo Grossi ◽  
Valentina Anelli ◽  
Ledina Derhemi ◽  
Andrea E. Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Autism

Abstract Background The association of stereotypies and tics is not rare in children with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The differential diagnosis between stereotypies and tics in this patient population can be difficult; however, it could be clinically relevant because of treatment implications. Methods A total of 108 video recordings of repetitive behaviors in young patients with stereotypies in the context of ASD were reviewed by a movement disorders expert and a trainee, in order to assess the prevalence of possible co-morbid tics. The Modified Rush Videotape Rating Scale (MRVS) was used to rate tic frequency and severity. Results Out of 27 patients with stereotypies (24 males; mean age 14 years), 18 (67%) reported possible tics. The most frequently observed tics were eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, neck bending, staring, and throat clearing. The mean MRVS score was 5, indicating mild tic severity. The only significant difference between patients with tics and patients without tics was the total number of stereotypies, which was higher in the subgroup of patients without tics (p = 0.01). Conclusions Expert review of video-recordings of repetitive behaviors in young patients with ASD and stereotypies suggests the possibility of a relatively high rate of co-morbid tics. These findings need to be integrated with a comprehensive clinical assessment focusing on the diagnostic re-evaluation of heterogeneous motor manifestations.

scholarly journals Effect of Social Stories on Social Skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Aggarwal ◽  
Babita Prusty
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Social Stories ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference

The research titled “Effect of Social Stories on social skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder” was aimed to study that how Social Stories as an intervention affect the social skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In the study a sample of 4 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder ranging from 4-8 years of age was taken using purposive sampling. The tool used to assess the social skills was Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition – Standard Version (CARS2-ST). The data was collected using Pre-Post Research Design and then analyzed using t-test as the statistical tool. There was significant difference between the scores of pre intervention and post intervention by Social Stories. The results hence generated proved that social skills including relating to people, adaptation to change, visual response, listening response and verbal communication can be enhanced and supported by the Social Stories.

scholarly journals Impaired executive functions predict repetitive behaviors in toddlers under 36 months old with autism spectrum disorder symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Sadeghi ◽  
Hamid Reza Pouretemad ◽  
Reza Shervin Badv
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Executive Functions (EFs) deficit in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been mainly investigated, while less is known about the EFs in toddlers. The study aimed was to investigate the relationship between EFs deficits and repetitive and restricted behaviors (RRBs) in toddlers with ASD symptoms. Finally, we examined whether EFs deficits were predictive of RRBs.Method: Cross-sectional data were collected from mothers of forty-five toddlers under 36 months old. The modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT). The Gilliam autism rating scale (GARS-2), the behavior rating inventory of executive functioning-preschool version (BRIEF-P), and repetitive behavior scale- revised (RBS-R) administered to mothers.Findings: We found significant associations between parent-reported executive functions problems and (1) stereotyped behaviors, (2) self-injurious behaviors, (3) ritualistic behaviors, (4) sameness behaviors, (5) restricted behaviors, (6) compulsive behaviors, and (7) repetitive behaviors total score. There was a lack of association between M-CHAT and social interactions deficits of GARS-2 and the repetitive behaviors total score. Increases in the degree of EFs deficits predicted increments in repetitive behaviors.Discussion: These results support a link between executive disfunction and RRBs. Future research on RRBs in ASD may benefit from focusing on specific executive functioning abilities rather than general categories.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder: Correlation between aberrant behaviors, EEG abnormalities and seizures

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Elena Hartley-McAndrew ◽  
Arie Weinstock
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Significant Difference

The relationship between epilepsy, epileptiform discharges, cognitive, language and behavioral symptoms is not clearly understood. Since difficulties with socialization and maladaptive behaviors are found in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), we inquired whether epileptiform activity and seizures are associated with adverse behavioral manifestations in this population. We reviewed our EEG database between 1999-2006, and identified 123 children with ASD. EEG abnormalities were found in 39 children (31%). A control group of age and gender matched ASD children with normal EEG’s was obtained. Packets of questionnaires including the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale II (VABS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were sent by mail. Out of 21 packets received, 11 had normal and 10 had abnormal EEG’s. There were no statistically significant differences in behavior between the two groups. Statistical analysis of discharge location and frequency did not reveal a significant trend. However, children with ASD and seizures had statistically significant lower scores in VABS daily living (P=0.009) and socialization (P=0.007) as compared to those without seizures. ASD children with seizures had higher ABC levels of hyperactivity and irritability. Differences in irritability scores nearly reached statistical significance (P=0.058). There was no significant difference in the degree of CARS autism rating between the groups. Our study did not reveal statistically significant differences in behaviors between ASD children with and without EEG abnormalities. However, ASD children with seizures revealed significantly worse behaviors as compared to counterparts without seizures.

scholarly journals Functional Constipation Frequency in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Konselor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Çağatay Günay ◽  
Hasret Ayyıldız Civan ◽  
Semra Yılmaz ◽  
Didem Gülcü Taşkın
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Autism

Aim: In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of functional constipation in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders by child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health.Materials and Methods: Between September 2017 and September 2018, children with autism spectrum disorder who applied to BakırköySadiKonuk Education and Research Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic were evaluated by means of childhood autism rating scale (CARS). A total of 108 patients were evaluated with the Roman IV criteria and the frequency of functional constipation was investigated.Results: A total of 108 cases, 87% (n = 94) male and 13% (n = 14) female, were studied. The ages of the patients were between 2 and 15 years and the mean age was 6.89 ± 2.76. Organic constipation was not detected in patients with constipation and all of them were diagnosed as functional constipation. There was no statistically significant difference between the rates of functional constipation in cases according to gender. The incidence of functional constipation in males was significantly higher in patients with severe autism than in those with mild to moderate autism. “Two or fewer defecations in the toilet per week” criteria was found significantly higher in girls than in boys. No significant difference was found for the other five criteria according to gender. Each of the six criteria of the Rome IV criteria were found to be significantly higher in patients with severe autism than those with mild to moderate autism according to CARS scores. One of the Roman IV criteria, “History of large diameter stools that may obstruct the toilet” was found significantly higher in patients aged nine years and older. No significant correlation was found between the other criteria and age groups.Conclusion: All of the six criteria of the Roman IV criteria were significantly higher in cases with severe autism according to CARS, compared to those with mild to moderate autism.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale modified for autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1773-1782
Author(s):  
Brenna B Maddox ◽  
Luc Lecavalier ◽  
Judith S Miller ◽  
Jill Pritchett ◽  
Jill Hollway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety

Anxiety often co-occurs with autism spectrum disorder, yet there are few valid and reliable instruments for measuring anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder. This article describes the modification of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder and systematic psychometric evaluation in a well-characterized sample of 116 youth (age: 5–17 years) with autism spectrum disorder and a range of anxiety symptoms. The clinician-administered-Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder was modified with input from parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and an expert panel. Unlike many other anxiety measures, the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder is more focused on behavioral manifestations of anxiety versus verbal expression. Results provide preliminary support for the psychometric properties of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder. The internal consistency of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder was 0.90. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder was strongly correlated with parent-report anxiety measures ( rs = 0.62–0.68), supporting convergent validity. In support of divergent validity, correlations between the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder and parent ratings of autism spectrum disorder symptoms, social withdrawal, stereotypy, hyperactivity, inappropriate speech, and repetitive behaviors were low ( rs = 0.13–0.32). The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder was moderately correlated with parent-reported irritability ( r = 0.52). The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder showed good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.75–0.82) and inter-rater reliability (ICCs = 0.70–0.92). Overall, results support the use of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder for assessing anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Lay Abstract Many youth with autism spectrum disorder have anxiety, but it can be difficult to assess anxiety with existing measures. We modified the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder and tested the new measure in a group of 116 youth (age: 5–17 years) with autism spectrum disorder. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder is an interview that a clinician usually completes with the child and parent together. We modified the interview questions and scoring instructions based on feedback from parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and from a panel of experts in autism spectrum disorder and anxiety. Unlike many other anxiety measures, the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder relies less on a child’s verbal expression of anxiety and more on signs that a parent can easily observe. Training clinicians to administer and score the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder was uncomplicated, and raters showed excellent agreement on video-recorded interviews. Youth who were not currently in treatment for anxiety had stable Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder scores with repeat measurement over a 1-month period. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale for youth with autism spectrum disorder is a useful clinician-rated measure of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder and fills a gap for assessing anxiety in this population.

scholarly journals Paliperidone in the treatment of autistic spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Karen Vasconcelos Calixto ◽  
Rafaela Mineiro Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Rovena Onofre dos Santos ◽  
Stéfany Jacobsen ◽  
Tássia Faller Tetemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Dopamine And Serotonin Receptors ◽  
Severe Autism

Paliperidone is a new atypical antipsychotic, injectable, long-term, risperidone-derived antipsychotic drug for oral use. Atypical antipsychotics act by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the central nervous system and are used for the treatment of schizophrenia as prevention of their positive and negative symptoms. Based on scientific studies, paliperidone has shown superior effect compared to the others in the same class. It has commonly been assumed that the autism spectrum disorder is due to a set of specific characteristics manifested by deficits of varying degrees in the areas of communication, social interaction, including restrictive and repetitive behaviors. It tends to manifest itself in early childhood, usually at two years of age, or may only be perceived in the school setting. It is a disorder that affects more boys than girls and has its main cause turned to genetic factors. The objective of this report is to present the course and benefit of a new therapy through the use of paliperidone for the case of severe autism, refractory to the other standard medications. Patient INS, 31 years old, with severe autism spectrum disorder, diagnosed at 3 years of age when was started the treatment with infantile Dogmatil. It evolved to use of adult dogmatil, being necessary the suspension of the medication due to adverse reactions related to the reproductive system. Initiated use of Ritalin and Tofranil, with no significant improvement in the clinical and psychic-behavioral development, as well as the side effects that worsened the patient’s symptoms. In view of the clinic refractory to the medications of choice for the mentioned pathology, in march 2018 Paliperidone was prescribed, 100mg IM, monthly dose; an atypical antipsychotic, of high cost, not usually provided by the Unified Health System (SUS), as an empirical attempt to control the case. It was observed that its effects were beneficial, resulting in a decrease in headache, allergic reactions, nocturia and improvement of urinary incontinence. In addition, the seizures ceased, the aggressiveness was reduced, the sleep was improved, and the patient did not present rejection to the drug, and therefore the continuous use was indicated. Currently, the patient is followed up with another psychiatrist, monthly, in the state where she lives, which kept the medication due to the excellent results obtained.

scholarly journals Celiac Disease in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Data from an Italian Child Cohort

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Zambrano ◽  
Barbara Parma ◽  
Valeria Morabito ◽  
Silvia Borini ◽  
Roberta Romaniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: In recent decades some studies described the frequent co-occurrence of celiac disease autoimmunity and/or overt celiac disease in patients with autism. Therefore, it was suggested that celiac disease could play a possible role in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. However, several other studies have not confirmed this association. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential association between autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease.Methods: We prospectively collected data from an Italian cohort of 223 children at the time of their clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the 2019-2020 period. A serological celiac disease screening was performed and data were available for 196 patients; male (M):female (F) ratio = 4.4:1; median age = 3.6 years; age range = 1.6–12.8 years. Full-blown celiac disease was established according to the diagnostic algorithm of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 2012 or 2019 guidelines. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the celiac disease seroprevalence and prevalence in our autism spectrum disorder cohort and in the Italian healthy pediatric population studied by Gatti et al. to highlight the possible differences between the two groups.Results: A not statistically significant difference between the celiac disease seroprevalence in our autism spectrum disorder cohort (4.08%) and Gatti’s Italian healthy group (2.22%) was found, p = 0.0810; OR = 1.871. A similar result emerged for overt celiac disease prevalences (2.24% versus 1.58%, respectively), p = 0.2862; OR = 1.431.Conclusions: Our data validates a weakness of association between autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease. Regular screening for celiac disease in young patients with autism spectrum disorder is not strongly recommended to a greater extent than in the general population.

scholarly journals Functional Constipation Frequency in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Çağatay Günay ◽  
Hasret Ayyildiz Civan ◽  
Semra Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Autism

 Aim: In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of functional constipation in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders by child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health.Materials and Methods: Between September 2017 and September 2018, children with autism spectrum disorder who applied to BakırköySadiKonuk Education and Research Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic were evaluated by means of childhood autism rating scale (CARS). A total of 108 patients were evaluated with the Roman IV criteria and the frequency of functional constipation was investigated.Results: A total of 108 cases, 87% (n = 94) male and 13% (n = 14) female, were studied. The ages of the patients were between 2 and 15 years and the mean age was 6.89 ± 2.76. Organic constipation was not detected in patients with constipation and all of them were diagnosed as functional constipation. There was no statistically significant difference between the rates of functional constipation in cases according to gender. The incidence of functional constipation in males was significantly higher in patients with severe autism than in those with mild to moderate autism. “Two or fewer defecations in the toilet per week” criteria was found significantly higher in girls than in boys. No significant difference was found for the other five criteria according to gender. Each of the six criteria of the Rome IV criteria were found to be significantly higher in patients with severe autism than those with mild to moderate autism according to CARS scores. One of the Roman IV criteria, “History of large diameter stools that may obstruct the toilet” was found significantly higher in patients aged nine years and older. No significant correlation was found between the other criteria and age groups.Conclusion: All of the six criteria of the Roman IV criteria were significantly higher in cases with severe autism according to CARS, compared to those with mild to moderate autism.

scholarly journals Disentangling Restrictive and Repetitive Behaviors and Social Impairments in Children and Adolescents with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Gulisano ◽  
Rita Barone ◽  
Salvatore Alaimo ◽  
Alfredo Ferro ◽  
Alfredo Pulvirenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders with male predominance, frequently comorbid, that share clinical and behavioral features. The incidence of ASD in patients affected by GTS was reported to be between 2.9% and 22.8%. We hypothesized that higher ASD rates among children affected by GTS previously reported may be due to difficulty in discriminating GTS sub-phenotypes from ASD, and the higher scores in the restrictive and repetitive behaviors in particular may represent at least a “false comorbidity”. We studied a large population of 720 children and adolescents affected by GTS (n = 400) and ASD (n = 320), recruited from a single center. Patients were all assessed with The Yale Global Tic Severity Rating Scale (YGTSS), The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), The Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R), The Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), and The Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale for autism spectrum disorder (CY-BOCS ASD). Our results showed statistically significant differences in ADOS scores for social aspects between GTS with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) sub-phenotypes and ASD. No differences were present when we compared GTS with comorbid ASD sub-phenotype to ASD, while repetitive and restrictive behavior scores in ASD did not present statistical differences in the comparison with GTS and comorbid OCD and ASD sub-phenotypes. We also showed that CY-BOCS ASD could be a useful instrument to correctly identify OCD from ASD symptoms.

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