scholarly journals Comparative studies on microstructures and chemical compositions of cell walls of two solid wood floorings

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Wang ◽  
Minglei Su ◽  
Haiyan Sun ◽  
Haiqing Ren
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Chemical Compositions

On the greenish-blue glazed pottery jug unearthed from the Eastern Han tombs at Liaowei in Hepu County, Guangxi

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Huang ◽  
Zhaoming Xiong ◽  
Chunyan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Academic Values ◽  
Greenish Blue ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
Maritime Communication ◽  
Eastern Han ◽  
Southern Iraq ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis paper made comparative studies on the greenish-blue glazed pottery jug unearthed from a tomb in the Liaowei Cemetery of the late Eastern Han Dynasty with the green-glazed potteries of the same time produced at home and abroad in the aspects of typological features, making techniques and chemical compositions, and drew the conclusion that this pottery jug was made in the present-day southern Iraq or southwestern Iran around 43-200 CE, which was at the time and territory of the Parthian Empire (247 BCE-226 CE), or the Anxi in the historic literature of the Han Dynasty. The studies further pointed out that this jug was transported into Hepu through the maritime route as a utensil for daily use. Because there have not been records about the maritime communication between China and Parthia, the discovery of this pottery jug in Hepu expanded our understanding to the maritime communication in the Han Dynasty, so it has important academic values.

Water accessibility to hydroxyls confined in solid wood cell walls

Cellulose ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 5617-5627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Engelund Thybring ◽  
Sara Piqueras ◽  
Asghar Tarmian ◽  
Ingo Burgert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Water Accessibility

scholarly journals Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and Citrus sinensis Essential Oils as Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium culmorum

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Wael A.A. Abo Elgat ◽  
Ahmed M. Kordy ◽  
Martin Böhm ◽  
Robert Černý ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Megeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Aerial Parts

Several molds are able to colonize wood and many building products or solid wood causing losses for their valuable uses. Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants can be used as an ecofriendly biofungicide against the growth of several molds. EOs from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus aurantium, and C. sinensis have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. EOs from of E. camaldulensis air-dried aerial parts, C. aurantium leaf and C. sinensis peel, and their combinations (1:1 v/v) were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the growth of four common mold fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, and Fusarium culmorum). The chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed with GC/MS. The main compounds in EO from E. camaldulensis were spathulenol (20.84%), eucalyptol (12.01%), and sabinene (9.73%); in C. aurantium were linalyl acetate (42.29%), and linalool (29.76%); and in C. sinensis were D-limonene (73.4%) and γ-terpinene (22.6%). At 50 µL/mL, C. sinensis EO showed the highest fungal mycilial growth inhibition (FMGI) percentage (86.66%) against A. flavus. C. sinensis, E. camaldulensis, and E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis showed FMGI values of 96%, 91.66%, and 75.66% respectively, against A. niger. EOs from C. aurantium and C. sinensis showed potent activity against A. terreus (100% FMGI), while C. aurantium/E. camaldulensis and E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis showed FMGI values of 74.33% and 70.66%, respectively. Potent activity against F. culmorum with 100% was observed as the application of E. camaldulensis and C. sinensis EOs at 50 µL/mL, while E. camaldulensis/C. sinensis (50 µL/mL) showed FMGI value of 65.66%. The results suggest using the EOs and their combinations from E.camaldulensis, C. aurantium, and C. sinensis as a biofungicide against molds. The potent properties of EOs offer the possibility of using them as eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective antimicrobials for molds that could cause discoloration of the wood packaging or food spoilage.

scholarly journals INTERNAL CAUSE ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE OF WOODEN COMPONENTS IN DANXIA TEMPLE ANCIENT ARCHITECTURES: TREE SPECIES

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
He Sun ◽  
Shuang Yang ◽  
Aifeng Wang ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Light ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Salix Spp

In the study, part of degraded wooden components of Danxia Temple ancient architectures in China were indentified through the bright field microscope, and chemical compositions in cell walls were observed using polarized and fluorescence lights, respectively. The results showed that samples were belonged to Quercus spp., Ulmus spp., Salix spp., and Populus spp., respectively. Cellulose composition in Quercus spp. was seriously consumed by brown decay fungi, cellulose and lignin compositions in Ulmus spp. were consumed by white decay fungi under polarized and fluorescence light observations. All of these four kind of tree species themselves were easily vulnerable to be attacked by insects.

Wood modification with tricine

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hauptmann ◽  
Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter ◽  
Christian Hansmann ◽  
Markus Bacher ◽  
Thomas Rosenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Crystalline Layer ◽  
Wall Components

Abstract The applicability of amino acid tricine has been investigated for the modification of solid wood. Oak, walnut, cherry, and birch wood lamella were impregnated with a tricine solution and subjected to a drying process. The interaction between tricine and wood components was analyzed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the reactions only with hemicelluloses were detected. Xylosylamine structures were found among the reaction products of xylose and tricine, and solid oak wood also showed this type of reaction. The equilibrium moisture content of the modified wood decreased, and this finding was interpreted as an indication of a modification of the polysaccharides. The hardness and tensile strength of the tricine-modified lamellae increased significantly. The change of the physical properties is probably due to the low moisture content with increased hydrogen bonding between wood cell wall components. A crystalline layer of tricine on the cell walls was observed by means of electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Microstructural Study of Al-Ag-Cu-Si Filler Metal for Brazing High-Strength Aluminum Alloys to Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Vasilii Fedorov ◽  
Thomas Uhlig ◽  
Harry Podlesak ◽  
Guntram Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Reaction Layer ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
Chemical Compositions

The study deals with the investigation of the microstructural constituents of the brazing filler Al-Ag-Cu-Si and the microstructure of brazed aluminum/stainless steel joints. The low liquidus temperature of the Al-Ag-Cu-Si filler of 497 °C allows the joining of the stainless steel and high-strength, thus far non-brazeable aluminum alloys. Brazing was carried out at a temperature of 520 °C in a vacuum furnace. Due to the lower heat input into the liquid brazing filler, the Fe-Al intermetallic layer in the reaction zone of the brazed joints is thin, which is required for good mechanical properties of the joints. The microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The chemical compositions of the microstructural constituents were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The results have shown that the ternary eutectic microstructure of the brazing filler consists of the α-Al solid solution phase, the θ-Al2Cu phase and a lamelled Ag-Al constituent. During the cooling of the solid filler metal, the Ag2Al phase forms lamellar segregates of μ-Ag3Al with a lamellae thickness of a few nanometers. Thus, the third eutectic constituent is a composition of two phases. The silicon content of the filler metal forms precipitates embedded inside the eutectic cells and in small dimensions inside the cell walls. Moreover, the silicon content prefers the wetting of the stainless steel surface and the formation of the Al7Fe2Si reaction layer with a thickness of 8 µm. The microstructure of the brazing zone is modified in comparison to the solidified pure filler metal. α-Al cells dominate the hypoeutectic structure. Intermetallic phases appear inside the α-cells as well as in the cell walls. Additionally, particles of the reaction phase occur inside the cell walls near the stainless steel. At the interface to the stainless steel in the reaction layer, no cracks or microcracks were detected.

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