Trends in decision-making process for pharmaceuticals in Western European countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J.C. Nuijten ◽  
P. Berto ◽  
G. Berdeaux ◽  
J. Hutton ◽  
F.-U. Fricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Western European

scholarly journals Understanding the perspectives of older adults and elderly regarding vaccination; a snapshot in four European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Timen ◽  
R Eilers ◽  
S Lockhart ◽  
R Gavioli ◽  
S Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Prevention of infectious diseases in elderly by immunization is a prerequisite to ensuring healthy ageing. However, in order for the vaccine programs to be effective, these need to be provided by health care professionals who have up-to-date knowledge and high motivation. Furthermore, the knowledge and attitudes towards vaccination in the targeted age groups needs to be fully understood. When focusing on the information provision, it is important to know from whom or which institution older adults and elderly would like to receive and in which form. In January 2019, an international project called the VITAL (The Vaccines and InfecTious diseases in the Ageing population) project was started, within the framework of IMI (Innovative Medicines Initiatives). One of the goals of the VITAL project is to develop strategies to educate and train health care professionals (HCPs) and to promote awareness among stakeholders involved in elderly care management. We briefly focus on the results of studies undertaken in four European countries (Italy, France, The Netherlands and Hungary), which reveal the perspective of older adults and elderly regarding influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well as generic characteristics of the vaccines and diseases. We will show how attitudes towards vaccination are represented in our study population and which determinants influence the decision-making process of accepting vaccination. Furthermore, we shall elaborate on how the decision-making process towards vaccination takes place and which additional information is needed. In the second part of the session, we shall invite the audience to reflect on the findings and identify the factors they consider most important for setting up a training and education programme on vaccination.

scholarly journals Needs-based decision-making for municipal health promotion – an analysis across 13 European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Quilling ◽  
M Kuchler ◽  
J Leimann ◽  
S Dieterich ◽  
C Plantz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Living Environments ◽  
Municipal Health

Abstract Introduction In contradiction to many recommendations, municipal health promotion often does not address identified needs. In order to create healthy living environments, all the 13 countries participating in Work package 6 - healthy living environments (WP6) of the EU Joint Action Health Equity Europe have been implementing feasible actions since autumn 2019 based on a country-specific needs analysis. They were supported on a theoretical level by the contents of the WP6 Implementation Template. The aim is to find out if and how the decision-making process from needs-based planning to the implementation of these measures in municipal health promotion was successful. Methods In order to gain an insight into the process 'from needs to action' and to obtain information about the methodological approach to implementation, guideline-based interviews were conducted with the project partners of WP6. These, as well as accompanying questionnaire-based interim reports, were evaluated comparatively in terms of content analysis according to Mayring and with regard to concrete evaluation criteria, obstacles and success factors during individual steps that can be transferred to the Public Health Action Cycle. Results The interim reports of the participating countries show that the step from an identified problem and related needs to a concrete, tailored action is often difficult. The relevant aspects mentioned above will be analysed more detailed during the interviews. It is to be expected that further insights can be gained from this, especially on successful implementation processes. Conclusions The mix of reports and interviews with participants from different European countries offers a broad view of the decision-making process in local health promotion and makes obstacles and success factors transparent for other actors in this field.

scholarly journals Inspraak in de gefusioneerde gemeenten

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 483-495
Author(s):  
Herman Wuyts
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Field Research ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Information Activity ◽  
The Future

Participation is more than «have a voice in the decision-making process. It is reached when this kind of consultation results in an effective influence upon the decision itself. Have a voice in the matter is, on theother hand, more than information that, in its turn, consists of two streams: one from the top to the bottom, and one from the bottom to the top.The loss of communal mandatories as a consequence of the amalgamation in 1976 has stressed the necessity of expanding this kind of political activity of the citizens.Comparison between a field research of 1975 and one of 1982 makes clear that there is an increase of information activity in the communes, mostly however of the kind that doesnot invite to active participation.There also is an increase of participation-councils but it is rather impossible to compare the effect of this kind of participatory activity with researchresults of the past.In comparison with other European countries there is found a large arrears in territorial decentralization and direct citizen decision-making.  For the future it is asked to write in the new communal law the obligation for communes to organize participation activities and to give the citizens a guarantee of participation.

Comment Why Dallas was Able to Conquer Italy

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
Gaetano Rando
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Relationship

Waddick Doyle's paper presents an interesting theoretical proposition on the relationship between broadcasting and the political system in Italy and one which may well provide a basis for the consideration of this relationship in the context of other European countries. It is also suggestive in terms of the decision making process in the Italian political system in an area (broadcasting) which is universally characterised by a notorious reluctance to legislate on the part of governments.

scholarly journals European experiences as guidelines for public, private and civil sector role redefinition in spatial policy formulation process in Serbia

Spatium ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Maksic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Spatial Policy ◽  
Civil Sector

The period of post-socialist transition in Serbia brings more complex actors environment compared to socialistic period, while institutional arrangements are not enough developed to actively involve different groups of actors in spatial policy formulation process. In order to gather certain knowledge as guidelines for redefining institutional practices in Serbia, institutional framework of Serbia was compared in this paper with institutional framework of three developed European countries, especially in relation to the roles of public, private and civil sector in spatial policy formulation process. The European countries selected for the analysis are United Kingdom, Netherlands and Germany because of diverse national administrative traditions, so different institutional arrangements could be researched. By comparing institutional framework in Serbia with the ones in developed European countries following questions are researched: which actors are missing in Serbia, what are the ways institutional arrangements for different groups inclusion into spatial policy formulation process are formed, what are the differences between the roles of certain groups of actors in decision-making process. Current roles of actors in spatial policy formulation process in Serbia are reviewed and possible directions for public, private and civil sector role redefinition in Serbia are discussed in accordance with experiences of developed European countries.

scholarly journals A decisão de emigrar: um estudo a partir da perspetiva da pluralidade disposicional

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (81) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Teixeira Lopes ◽  
José Pedro Silva ◽  
Rafaela Ganga ◽  
Rui Machado Gomes ◽  
Dulce Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Observation Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Observation ◽  
The Individual

<span>This paper analyses the Portuguese high-skilled emigration, focusing on the emigration decision-making process. This article aims to understand the dispositions leading to this decision, and the social processes that explain its origin, sedimentation and activation. To this end, and using the theoretical and methodological approach of Bernard Lahire, 53 sociological portraits of skilled Portuguese who emigrated to other European countries are cross-sectional analyzed. This analysis is supplemented by data from a survey previously administered. Thus, we will address how the migratory dispositions are built through the individual biographies, highlighting the heuristic potential of the individual observation scale.</span>

scholarly journals Deportation in perspective : constructions of a nation and ideal citizens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Patel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process

This project attempts to explain the deportation process in Canada. Specifically I highlight how the deportation decision making process is not only about removing a person from the country but also creating a desirable citizenry. The inclusion of Chan's article as a case study was important to this project as no other study has included statistics based on country of origin, Immigration Appeal Division members' comments or reasoning for decisions made at deportation appeal hearings. Comments reveal differential perceptions of immigrants from Anglo-European countries and non-white countries on rehabilitation and re-offending. Statistics are provided and the tendency for appellants from non-white countries to have their deportation appeal hearing dismissed happen more often than those from Anglo-European countries. I will highlight how removing someone from the country and making 'good' citizens is rooted in racialized concepts of nationhood and what it means to be an 'ideal' citizen.

scholarly journals Deportation in perspective : constructions of a nation and ideal citizens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Patel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process

This project attempts to explain the deportation process in Canada. Specifically I highlight how the deportation decision making process is not only about removing a person from the country but also creating a desirable citizenry. The inclusion of Chan's article as a case study was important to this project as no other study has included statistics based on country of origin, Immigration Appeal Division members' comments or reasoning for decisions made at deportation appeal hearings. Comments reveal differential perceptions of immigrants from Anglo-European countries and non-white countries on rehabilitation and re-offending. Statistics are provided and the tendency for appellants from non-white countries to have their deportation appeal hearing dismissed happen more often than those from Anglo-European countries. I will highlight how removing someone from the country and making 'good' citizens is rooted in racialized concepts of nationhood and what it means to be an 'ideal' citizen.

DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES FOR PROJECTS REQUIRING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: CASE STUDIES IN SIX EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

1999 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON DRESNER ◽  
NIGEL GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Interviews with participants in the decision-making processes for major installations in six western European countries reveal criticism of the procedures from all sides. In particular, environmental impact assessments were criticised for their lack of independence from the proposer, failure to assess alternatives to the proposal adequately, incomprehensibility to lay-people and failure to consider social factors. There was also criticism of general lack of public involvement in the decision-making process. Consideration of these criticisms lends support to calls for revision of the European directives on environmental impact assessment and their implementation in national laws.

scholarly journals Engaged, Indifferent, Skeptical or Critical? Disentangling Attitudes towards Local Deliberative Mini-Publics in Four Western European Democracies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10518
Author(s):  
Sebastien Rojon ◽  
Jean-Benoit Pilet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Vignette Study ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Western European ◽  
Intentions To Participate ◽  
Inform Decision Making

Democratic innovations, such as deliberative mini-publics, are designed to encourage public engagement in policymaking. They are increasingly being used to inform decision-making on the environment, climate change, and other sustainability issues. Research on support for democratic innovations has focused on identifying citizens in favor and understanding whether they are “enraged” or “engaged” with politics. However, this approach ignores potential differences between citizens expressing more (or less) positive attitudes towards democratic innovations. In an online vignette study, respondents from four Western European countries rated varying descriptions of a local mini-public, indicating both their support for the decision-making process and their willingness to get involved. Four distinct groups were identified based on a latent profile analysis: (1) those who are truly engaged, in that their support for mini-publics is reinforced by intentions to participate, correspond to one-third of citizens. Engaged deliberative democrats stand out as being more concerned about the environment than any other issue on the agenda; (2) the majority of citizens are indifferent, expressing neither positive nor negative inclinations towards mini-publics; (3) a group of “elitists” is skeptical of integrating citizens into policymaking despite intending to participate themselves; and finally (4), a small share of citizens was identified as critics, scoring low on both support and willingness to participate in a mini-public. The diversity of profiles points to the challenges of using deliberative mini-publics to address sustainability issues.

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