scholarly journals Cost of illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the patient’s perspective: a study from several primary healthcare centres and a hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7442-7453
Author(s):  
Dwi Endarti ◽  
Anna Wahyuni Widayanti ◽  
Ehga Ayodya Rahmawati ◽  
Nellatul Khaher ◽  
Siti Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Secondary Hospital

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that had a consequence of high cost related to treatment and disease impact. This study aimed to estimate the cost of illness related T2DM from the perspective of patients. This study applied a prevalence-based cost of illness study from the perspective of patients. Data of direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs were collected by interviewing patients. The study involved patients covered by the national health insurance scheme as study respondents, which consisted of 96 patients visiting three public primary healthcare centres and 35 patients visiting a private secondary hospital in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. From the perspective of patients in Yogyakarta-Indonesia, the total cost of illness of T2DM within three months period was IDR 95,458 (USD 6.58) for patients at PHCs and IDR 340,159 (USD 23.46) for patients at the hospital, which were about 2% to 7% of the minimum wage rate. Indirect cost was the highest contribution of cost of illness (IDR 40,436/USD 2.79) to IDR 398,836/USD 17.63) and followed by direct medical cost (IDR 32,349/USD 2.23 to IDR 44,157/USD 3.05) and direct non-medical cost (IDR 22,673/USD 1.56 to IDR 40,334/USD 2.78). Cost of illness from out of pocket patients in this study was led by visits to other health facilities (the health facilities outside of study site) for obtaining health service related to T2DM disease. This study anticipated that T2DM had a consequence to out of the pocket cost of treatment and further productivity lost of patients and their caregivers.

COST OF ILLNESS PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT KANKER PAYUDARA DI RSUD ULIN BANJARMASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
Noor Aisyah ◽  
◽  
Shela Puji Dina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Economic Burden Of Disease ◽  
Direct Medical Costs

The cost of illness is an important element in disease decision making because it can evaluate the economic burden of disease. One of them is breast cancer because breast cancer is a catastrophic disease. This study aims to determine direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, indirect costs, and total costs based on a societal perspective in breast cancer patients at Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin. This study is an observational analytic study with a prevalence-based cost of illness approach. Data was taken retrospectively for direct medical costs collected from patient medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patient treatment data, and details of direct medical costs for the period January-July 2020. Direct non-medical costs and indirect costs were taken from the results of filling out a questionnaire to Breast cancer patients who have undergone treatment in the inpatient room of RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Data analysis used descriptive statistics to identify patient characteristics and the costs of breast cancer. The results of the study, the average direct medical cost of breast cancer patients at Ulin Banjarmasin Hospital was Rp. 6,281,700. The average direct non-medical cost was Rp. 416,780 and the average indirect cost was Rp. 229,820. Meanwhile, the average overall cost per episode of inpatient was Rp. 6,928,300

scholarly journals Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Russian Federation: Results from Russian multicenter observational pharmacoepidemiologic study of diabetes care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (FORSIGHT-Т2DM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Dedov ◽  
Marina F. Kalashnikova ◽  
Dmitriy Y. Belousov ◽  
Aleksey S. Kolbin ◽  
Vladimir V. Rafalskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background: Cost-of-Illness Analysis (COI) constitutes the basis for the decision-making process on the budget and allocation in a modern health care system. Considering the wide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM), it is important to perform COI in the Russian Federation (RF). Aim: The aim of the secondary objective FORSIGHT-Т2DM study was to conduct Cost-of-Illness Analysis (COI) of Т2DM in the Russian Federation in relation to taking into consideration the presence of complications and concomitant diseases. Materials and methods: COI of Т2DM was performed using the data obtained in Russian multicenter observational, pharmacoepidemiologic cross-sectional study of diabetes care for assessing routine healthcare pattern of T2DM in the Russian Federation (FORSIGHT-Т2DM). Information for each patient was collected from primary medical records and By asking patients to fill out a questionnaire. Total costs were calculated as the sum of direct medical costs (DCm), direct non-medical costs (DCn) and indirect costs (IC). Results: The final analysis included data from 2014 patients with T2DM residing in 45 cities of RF. Total direct medical costs (DCm) of treating Т2DM and its complications and comorbidities amounted to 105 337 rubles ($2742) per patient per year; direct non-medical costs (DCn) amounted to 24 518 rubles ($638) per patient per year; indirect costs (IC) amounted to 149 754 rubles ($3898) per patient per year. The total cost of T2DM in RF in 2014 year amounted to 279 609 rubles ($7278) per patient. The total cost of T2DM in RF in 2014 amounted to 279 609 rubles per patient. Conclusions: More than half (53,5%) of the total cost of T2DM is the loss of GDP due to patients disability. The DCm constitute 37,7% of the total cost of the disease, of which 57% is spent on treatment of T2DM complications and concomitant diseases, while only 10% is spent on glucose-lowering therapies.

scholarly journals The direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Africa: a cost of illness study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1636611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Erzse ◽  
Nicholas Stacey ◽  
Lumbwe Chola ◽  
Aviva Tugendhaft ◽  
Melvyn Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

scholarly journals Healthcare Expenditures Associated with Heart Failure in Saudi Arabia: A Cost of Illness Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alghamdi ◽  
Eman Algarni ◽  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Abdulaziz Altowaijri ◽  
Abdulaziz Alhossan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
The Cost

Heart failure (HF) is considered to be a global health problem that generates a significant economic burden. Despite the growing prevalence in Saudi Arabia, the economic burden of HF is not well studied. The aim of this study was to estimate the health care expenditures associated with HF in Saudi Arabia from a social perspective. We conducted a multicenter cost of illness (COI) study in two large governmental centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using 369 HF patients. A COI model was developed in order to estimate the direct medical costs associated with HF. The indirect costs of HF were estimated based on a human capital approach. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed. The direct medical cost per HF patient was $9563. Hospitalization costs were the major driver in total spending, followed by medication and diagnostics costs. The cost significantly increased in line with the disease progression, ranging from $3671 in class I to $16,447 in class IV. The indirect costs per working HF patient were $4628 due to absenteeism, and $6388 due to presenteeism. The economic burden of HF is significantly high in Saudi Arabia. Decision makers need to focus on allocating resources towards strategies that prevent frequent hospitalizations and improve HF management and patient outcomes in order to lower the growing economic burden.

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Tuberculosis Diabetes Co-Morbidity in Tuberculosis Patients Attending Two Chest Clinics in Lagos State

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
F.A. Ayeni ◽  
O.O. Oyetunde ◽  
B.A. Aina ◽  
H.O. Yarah
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Significant Burden

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) three-fold. The cost of accessing care for TB-DM co-morbidity poses a significant burden on patients, as they bear both direct and indirect costs of treatment, mostly of out-of-pocket.Objective: To estimate the direct medical cost of illness in patients with TB-DM co-morbidity in two chest clinics in Lagos State.Materials and Methods: An observational study, carried out in two chest clinics in Lagos State to evaluate direct medical costs associated with TBDM co-morbidity during TB treatment. A semi structured questionnaire, pharmacy price list of drugs and an online transportation service lara.ng was employed to document and quantify prescribed medications, laboratory investigations, number of clinic attendance and attendant transportation costs.Results: Among the participants, 53.8% were females. The mean age was 50.7±9.7 years. The total direct medical and non-medical costs for TBDM management was NGN8,604,819 (USD24,585.20) for the duration of TB treatment. Average cost per patient (CPP) was NGN179,384.85 (USD512.53). This was equivalent to 49.8% of the current national minimum wage. Male patients incurred more mean direct medical cost than female patients (NGN26, 647.90 vs NGN24, 020.40), while female patients incurred more mean direct non-medical costs than the males (NGN22, 314.30 versus NGN13, 041.70). Patients aged 60 years and above incurred the highest mean direct costs compared to other age groups.Conclusion: Direct medical costs are substantial in TBDM co-morbidity and increase with age.

Abstract 19839: Clinical and Economic Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Low-Income Nations: Estimating the Cost-of-Illness in India and Uganda

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T Sandhu ◽  
Kathikeyan G ◽  
Ann Bolger ◽  
Emmy Okello ◽  
Dhruv S Kazi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Discrete State ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) strikes young adults at their peak economic productivity. Defining the global economic burden of RHD may motivate investments in research and prevention, yet prior approaches considering only medical costs may have underestimated the cost of illness. Objectives: To estimate the clinical and economic burden of RHD in India and Uganda. Outcomes were disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), direct medical costs, and indirect costs due to disability and premature mortality (2012 USD). Methods: We used a discrete-state Markov model to simulate the natural history of RHD using country-, age-, and gender-specific estimates from the literature and census data. We estimated direct medical costs from WHO-CHOICE and Disease Control and Prevention 3 publications. We conservatively estimated indirect costs (lost earnings and imputed caregiver costs) from World Bank data using novel economic methods. Results: In 2012, RHD generated 6.1 million DALYs in India and cost USD 10.7 billion (Table 1), including 1.8 billion in direct medical costs and 8.9 billion in indirect costs. During the same period, RHD produced 216,000 DALYs in Uganda, and cost USD 414 million, and, as in India, indirect costs represented the majority (88%) of the cost of illness. In both countries, women accounted for the majority (71-80%) of the DALYs; in Uganda, women bore 75% of the total cost. In sensitivity analyses, higher progression rates for subclinical disease doubled direct costs and DALYs. Conclusion: RHD exacts an enormous toll on the populations of India and Uganda, and its economic burden may be grossly underestimated if indirect costs are not systematically included. Women bear a disproportionate clinical burden from pregnancy-related complications. These results suggest that effective prevention and screening of RHD may represent a sound public health investment, particularly if targeted at high-risk subgroups such as young women.

ANALISA COST OF ILLNESS AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN NSAIDS DI SEBUAH APOTEK DI KOTA MEDAN, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hari Ronaldo Tanjung ◽  
Azmi Sarriff ◽  
Urip Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Undesirable Event ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Therapy Problems ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

Background: A drug therapy problem is any undesirable event experienced by a patient which involves, or is suspected to involve drug therapy and that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy. Drug Therapy Problems (DTPs) can lead to ineffective pharmacotherapy and may cause drug-related morbidity and mortality.Objective: The study aimed to estimates the direct medical cost of illness caused by the drug morbidity or mortality related to NSAID utilization in a community pharmacy setting at Medan, Indonesia.Method: Thisstudy used 7 (seven) categories probabilities and costs associated with the therapeutic outcomes to estimate the direct medical cost of illness resulting from morbidity related NSAIDs utilization. Direct non medical costs, indirect costs, and intangible costs related to drug-related-morbidity and mortality were not valued in this cost-of-illness analysis.The duration of the study was from July 2009 to October 2010.Result: The patient that experienced NSAIDs-related morbidity estimated to spend Rp.467.848,- each and Rp.11.696.200,- in total to managing the morbidity. Every Rp.1,- spent on NSAIDs therapy, an additional Rp.1,45,- was estimated to spent in managing morbidity related NSAIDs utilization.Conclusion: This result showed the cost of illnessrelated morbidity of NSAIDs utilization exceeds the cost of the medications themselves

scholarly journals Annual Direct Medical Costs of Diabetic Foot Disease in Brazil: A Cost of Illness Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Toscano ◽  
Tatiana Sugita ◽  
Michelle Rosa ◽  
Hermelinda Pedrosa ◽  
Roger Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Diabetic Foot Disease ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

scholarly journals The National Economic Burden of Rare Disease in United States in 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Yang ◽  
Inna Cintina ◽  
Anne Pariser ◽  
Elisabeth Oehrlein ◽  
Jamie Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
National Economic

Abstract Background: To provide a comprehensive assessment of the total economic burden of rare diseases (RD) in the U.S. in 2019.We followed a prevalence-based approach that combined the prevalence of 379 RDs with the per-capita direct medical and indirect costs, to derive the national economic burden by patient age and type of RD. To estimate prevalence and the direct medical cost of RD, we used claims data from three sources: Medicare 5% Standard Analytical File, Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System, and Optum claims data for the privately insured. To estimate indirect and non-medical cost components, we worked with the rare disease community to design and implement a primary survey.Results: There were an estimated 15.5 million U.S. children (N=1,322,886) and adults (N=14,222,299) with any of the 379 RDs in 2019 with a total economic burden of $997 billion, including a direct medical cost of $449 billion (45%), $437 billion (44%) in indirect costs, and $111 billion (11%) in non-medical costs. The top drivers for excess medical costs associated with RD are hospital inpatient care and prescription medication; the top indirect cost categories are labor market productivity losses due to absenteeism, presenteeism, and forced early retirement.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the scale of the RD economic burden and call for immediate attention from the scientific communities, policy leaders, and other key stakeholders such as health care providers and employers, to think innovatively and collectively, to identify new ways to help improve the care, management, and treatment of these often-devastating diseases.

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