The Sustainability of Irrigation with Gypsiferous Mine Water and Implications for the Mining Industry in South Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Annandale ◽  
N. Z. Jovanovic ◽  
P. D. Tanner ◽  
N. Benadé ◽  
H. M. Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Mining Industry

scholarly journals Research of nanostructural minerals – bentonites used in purification of mineral water from heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn 2+)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (78) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
A. SH. BUKUNOVA ◽  
◽  
G. ZH. TURSBEKOVA ◽  
L. B. IRISKINA ◽  
M. K. ZHAMANBAEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Exchange Cations ◽  
Aluminum Ions

This paper presents the results of studies on the use of bentonite from the Taganskoye field for purification of mine water from the mining industry from heavy metal ions (MI). It has been established that the use of the thermo-acid-activated form of bentonite clay allows the removal of MI Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ions from mine water by 99.6, 94.7, 98.9, 99.5 %, respectively, which ensures that the maximum permissible concentration of fishery is achieved at selected optimal conditions that were identified on the basis of an active experiment. A comparative analysis of the presented results of mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy shows that they are valid and do not contradict the obtained experimental data on the composition of exchange cations and structural characteristics in ultrafine mineral phases of bentonite clay samples of natural and thermo-acid activated forms It has been established that during acid activation of bentonite clays, the structure of montmorillonite is retained upon extraction of up to 80 % of magnesium, iron, and aluminum ions and is destroyed only upon their almost complete extraction.

Empire and High Finance: South Africa and the International Gold Standard 1890–1914

1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Jacques Van-Helten
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
International Liquidity ◽  
Monetary Relations ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Gold Producer ◽  
The Impact

Within twelve years of the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886 the Transvaal was producing over one quarter of the world's annual output of gold. The Transvaal's emergence as a major gold producer took place at a time when global monetary relations were dominated by the operations of the gold standard. This article illustrates the impact of the Witwatersrand discoveries on the working of the international gold standard to 1914 and suggests that newly mined gold from South Africa eased international liquidity problems by facilitating an expansion of the gold base and money supplies without the dangers of inflation. Transvaal gold was shipped to London and sold in the City's bullion market. The establishment by South African mining companies of a complex London network of brokerage, insurance, refining and marketing facilities of gold is considered in detail. It is demonstrated that, when faced with a fixed price of gold and rising working costs on the Rand, the mining industry actively sought to minimize the marketing costs of gold in London to offset general cost inflation and to increase revenue. Finally, at the turn of the century, the Bank of England still occupied a hegemonic position in the international financial system, although, as this article shows, this hegemony was subject to periodic financial crises such as the collapse of Barings in 1890. The Bank‘s problems were thought to stem from a severe shortage of gold reserves. Recently, it has been argued that by the late 1890s British politicians and financiers encouraged the overthrow of the Kruger regime in the Transvaal in order to gain physical control over the Rand mines and thereby ease the Bank's shortages of gold. However, there are problems with this formulation and the article concludes with an alternative consideration of the complex relationship between the supplies of newly mined Transvaal gold, the international gold standard and the Bank of England's financial crises.

Challenges Facing Women in the Mining Area of Bojanala District of South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Gaontebale Audrey Mafora ◽  
Ravinder Rena
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
The Government

This chapter examined the Marikana Massacre and its effects on women of the deceased and those who sustained injuries. It also covers the challenges of the women in the Bojanala District of South Africa. The chapter also addresses the disparities and inequalities experienced by women in the mining industry. Forty women participants were part of the study. The data was gathered through questionnaires, oral interviews, and observations. The analysis revealed that more women were affected by the massacre and has deepened their level of poverty. The government provided interventions, but the findings revealed that the incident has left participants with scars, loss of income, and dissatisfaction. The chapter recommended some possible measures to improve the situation of women because of the Marikana Massacre and poverty in the area.

scholarly journals Review on Main Issues Causing Deterioration of Water Quality and Water Scarcity: Case Study of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kapuku Bwapwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration ◽  
Growing Population

Water shortage in South Africa is a mixture of many factors: limited and highly polluted watercourses, low rainfall, fast growing population and high evaporation rates. Many studies on watercourses have shown a decline on quality due to the ongoing pollution caused by urbanization, mining, industry, power generation, afforestation and agriculture. Given the current forecasts based on population growth versus the country’s limited water resources, it is unlikely to keep existing patterns regarding the use of water and the discharge of wastes. Predictions are also indicating that pollutants will continue to accumulate in freshwater resources independently of the population growth in South Africa. Issues associated with water quality can turn out to be worsened with environmental devastating consequences. For instance, in the agricultural sector it may lead to a drop in yields and quality for fruits and crops followed by soil contamination. It can harmfully affect the population and aquatic health. Furthermore, water quality deterioration can affect the costs related to purification processes resulting in an increased price of clean water. Human induced activities causing salinization, eutrophication, acidification, presence of pathogens in watercourses, inappropriate waste discharge practices and sewage spills are major causes influencing or deteriorating water quality in South Africa. 

The Politics of Narcotic Medicines in Early Twentieth-Century South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thembisa Waetjen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South African ◽  
African State ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Patent Medicines ◽  
British Occupation ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Parallel Streams

Summary Controls over trade and consumption of narcotic medicines emerged as both a concern and emblem of progressive governance around the turn of the twentieth century. This article traces political struggles over drugs regulation in the case of colonial South Africa. It focuses on two parallel streams of law-making by the British occupation regime in the Transvaal, following the Anglo-Boer war. Controversies over the availability of traditional ‘Dutch medicines’ to Boer farmers and prohibitions of certain patent medicines to African consumers were elements of, and contradictions within, the process of building a modern pharmaceutical economy. An influx to the region of new curatives coincided with the growth of vernacular newspapers as well as temperance campaigns. Working to nurture white national cohesion and support a mining industry premised on unskilled black labour, the South African state created race-based drugs controls. These developments proved significant to regulatory statecraft later in the century.

Brief Historical Review of Membrane Development and Membrane Applications in Wastewater Treatment in Southern Africa

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Botha ◽  
R. D. Sanderson ◽  
C. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Charged Membrane ◽  
The World ◽  
Membrane Development

Away back in 1953 few people in the world, let alone South Africa, knew or had heard about membrane desalination, but there was an increasing awareness that electrodialysis had considerable potential for the desalination of brackish water. In South Africa the development of the new gold fields in the northern Orange Free State and the problems posed by the presence of excessive volumes of very saline mine waters stimulated interest in desalination and the CSIR* in collaboration with the mining industry became involved in the development of the electrodialysis process. By 1959 the largest brackish desalination plant in the world had been built and commissioned. South Africans were thus in the forefront of this technology, even to the extent of making the required membranes locally. Our historical review of membrane development and the applications of membrane technology in Southern Africa encompasses both pressure- and voltage-driven processes. Examples of the pressure processes are microfiltration, ultrafiltration and charged membrane ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, and finally reverse osmosis with fixed and dynamically formed membranes. The voltage-drive processes considered are electrodialysis and electrodialysis reversal.

scholarly journals Excess Mortality Due to External Causes in Women in the South African Mining Industry: 2013–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry S. Wilson ◽  
Tahira Kootbodien ◽  
Nisha Naicker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
External Causes

Mining is a recognized high-risk industry with a relatively high occurrence of occupational injuries and disease. In this study, we looked at the differences in mortality between male and female miners in South Africa. Data from Statistics South Africa regarding occupation and cause of death in the combined years 2013–2015 were analyzed. Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated to investigate excess mortality due to external causes of death by sex in miners and in manufacturing laborers. Results: Women miners died at a significantly younger age on average (44 years) than all women (60 years), women manufacturers (53 years), and male miners (55 yrs). There was a significantly increased proportion of deaths due to external causes in women miners (12.4%) compared to all women (4.8%) and women manufacturers (4.6%). Significantly increased PMRs were seen in car occupant accidents (467, 95% confidence interval (CI) 151–1447), firearm discharge (464, 95% CI 220–974), and contact with blunt objects (2220 95% CI 833–5915). Conclusion: This descriptive study showed excess deaths in women miners due to external causes. Road accidents, firearm discharge, and contact with blunt objects PMRs were significantly increased. Further research is required to confirm the underlying reasons for external causes of death and to develop recommendations to protect women miners.

THE PERFORMANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE EXPLOSIVES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350013 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUKE ALAN SANDHAM ◽  
FELICITY VAN DER VYVER ◽  
FRANCOIS PIETER RETIEF
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Quality Review ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Satisfactory Quality

Explosives manufacture in South Africa is a major component of the chemical and mining industry, and as an important producer of hazardous chemicals it is also a potential contributor to significant environmental impacts. Environmental authorisation of explosives manufacturing activities is based primarily upon the quality of information made available in the Environmental Impact Report (EIR), but the quality of EIR for explosives manufacturing projects has never been investigated. A modified version of the Lee and Colley review package was used to determine the EIR quality of a sample of four explosives projects. The findings reveal that the EIRs were of a generally satisfactory quality, but with some areas of weakness that are readily linked to potentially significant environmental impacts, pointing to limitations in the EIA process regarding the production of explosives. Recommendations include improved training of EIA practitioners, the use of quality review checklists and external specialist review, development of guidelines and the use of risk assessment as additional tools to the EIA regulations.

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