Inhibition of arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation by jasmonates is enhanced under red light in phytochrome B dependent manner

Abstract We report here the interactive effects of three light qualities (white, red and blue) and three growth temperatures (16�C, 22�C and 28�C) on rosette growth, hypocotyl elongation and disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. While an increase in temperature promotes hypocotyl elongation irrespective of light quality, the effects of temperature on rosette growth and disease resistance are dependent on light quality. Maximum rosette growth rate under white, red and blue light are observed at 28�C, 16�C and 22�C, respectively. The highest disease resistance is observed at 16�C under all three light conditions, but the highest susceptibility is observed at 28�C for white light and 22�C for red and blue light. Interestingly, rosette growth is inhibited by phytochrome B (PHYB) under blue light at 28�C and by cryptochromes (CRYs) under red light at 16�C. In addition, disease resistance is inhibited by PHYB under blue light and promoted by CRYs under red light. Therefore, this study reveals a complex interaction between light and temperature in modulating rosette growth and disease resistance as well as the contribution of PHYB and CRY to disease resistance.

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PCH1 integrates circadian and light-signaling pathways to control photoperiod-responsive growth in Arabidopsis

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.13292 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

He Huang ◽

Chan Yul Yoo ◽

Rebecca Bindbeutel ◽

Jessica Goldsworthy ◽

Allison Tielking ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Exposure ◽

Red Light ◽

Constitutive Expression ◽

Day Length ◽

Light Signaling ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Phytochrome B ◽

Necessary And Sufficient ◽

New Protein ◽

Short Days

Plants react to seasonal change in day length through altering physiology and development. Factors that function to harmonize growth with photoperiod are poorly understood. Here we characterize a new protein that associates with both circadian clock and photoreceptor components, named PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF HYPOCOTYL1 (PCH1). pch1 seedlings have overly elongated hypocotyls specifically under short days while constitutive expression of PCH1 shortens hypocotyls independent of day length. PCH1 peaks at dusk, binds phytochrome B (phyB) in a red light-dependent manner, and co-localizes with phyB into photobodies. PCH1 is necessary and sufficient to promote the biogenesis of large photobodies to maintain an active phyB pool after light exposure, potentiating red-light signaling and prolonging memory of prior illumination. Manipulating PCH1 alters PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 levels and regulates light-responsive gene expression. Thus, PCH1 is a new factor that regulates photoperiod-responsive growth by integrating the clock with light perception pathways through modulating daily phyB-signaling.

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Cryptochrome 1 interacts with PIF4 to regulate high temperature-mediated hypocotyl elongation in response to blue light

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1511437113 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 224-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Dingbang Ma ◽

Xu Li ◽

Yongxia Guo ◽

Jingfang Chu ◽

Shuang Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Blue Light ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Hypocotyl Elongation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Phytochrome B ◽

Environmental Signals ◽

Blue Light Receptor ◽

Light Inhibition ◽

Cryptochrome 1

Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is a blue light receptor that mediates primarily blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Very little is known of the mechanisms by which CRY1 affects growth. Blue light and temperature are two key environmental signals that profoundly affect plant growth and development, but how these two abiotic factors integrate remains largely unknown. Here, we show that blue light represses high temperature-mediated hypocotyl elongation via CRY1. Furthermore, CRY1 interacts directly with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) in a blue light-dependent manner to repress the transcription activity of PIF4. CRY1 represses auxin biosynthesis in response to elevated temperature through PIF4. Our results indicate that CRY1 signal by modulating PIF4 activity, and that multiple plant photoreceptors [CRY1 and PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB)] and ambient temperature can mediate morphological responses through the same signaling component—PIF4.

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Guard cells control hypocotyl elongation through HXK1, HY5, and PIF4

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02283-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gilor Kelly ◽

Danja Brandsma ◽

Aiman Egbaria ◽

Ofer Stein ◽

Adi Doron-Faigenboim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Blue Light ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

Red Light ◽

Guard Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Hypocotyl Elongation ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Effect Of Light

AbstractThe hypocotyls of germinating seedlings elongate in a search for light to enable autotrophic sugar production. Upon exposure to light, photoreceptors that are activated by blue and red light halt elongation by preventing the degradation of the hypocotyl-elongation inhibitor HY5 and by inhibiting the activity of the elongation-promoting transcription factors PIFs. The question of how sugar affects hypocotyl elongation and which cell types stimulate and stop that elongation remains unresolved. We found that overexpression of a sugar sensor, Arabidopsis hexokinase 1 (HXK1), in guard cells promotes hypocotyl elongation under white and blue light through PIF4. Furthermore, expression of PIF4 in guard cells is sufficient to promote hypocotyl elongation in the light, while expression of HY5 in guard cells is sufficient to inhibit the elongation of the hy5 mutant and the elongation stimulated by HXK1. HY5 exits the guard cells and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, but is degraded in the dark. We also show that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by guard cells’ HY5 involves auto-activation of HY5 expression in other tissues. It appears that guard cells are capable of coordinating hypocotyl elongation and that sugar and HXK1 have the opposite effect of light on hypocotyl elongation, converging at PIF4.

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Arabidopsis Phytochrome B Promotes SPA1 Nuclear Accumulation to Repress Photomorphogenesis under Far-Red Light

The Plant Cell ◽

10.1105/tpc.112.107086 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 115-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Xu Zheng ◽

Suowei Wu ◽

Huqu Zhai ◽

Peng Zhou ◽

Meifang Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Light ◽

Nuclear Accumulation ◽

Phytochrome B

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The importance of oxytocin mechanisms in the control of mouse parturition

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep.0.1230543 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 543-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

AJ Douglas ◽

G Leng ◽

JA Russell

Keyword(s):

Red Light ◽

Endogenous Opioids ◽

Beta Agonist ◽

Early Gene ◽

Opioid Antagonist ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Birth Process ◽

Opioid Agonist ◽

Adrenergic Antagonist ◽

Oxytocin Neurones

The role of oxytocin in parturition in mice was investigated. Pup birth profiles, blood samples and brains were collected from parturient mice observed under red light conditions in a reversed light:dark photoperiod. Peripheral administration of an oxytocin antagonist in a dose-dependent manner delayed the birth of subsequent pups, indicating that oxytocin is required for a normal pup birth profile. Oxytocin neurones were activated during birth as shown by both increased immediate early gene ( Fos) expression in oxytocin neurones in the supraoptic nucleus and increased plasma oxytocin concentrations during birth. In addition, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the olfactory bulbs, sites that process inputs to oxytocin neurones, become activated during parturition. Exposure to stress during parturition halted subsequent deliveries; at this stage plasma oxytocin concentrations were not higher than those of virgin mice, and birth was restored by administration of oxytocin. Administration of beta-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol) also restored stress-delayed birth, whereas administration of ritrodrine (beta-agonist) delayed birth in non-stressed mice, indicating that adrenergic mechanisms contribute to stress-delayed births in mice. Administration of morphine (mu-opioid agonist) delayed births transiently, but naloxone (opioid antagonist) did not prevent stress-delayed birth, indicating that endogenous opioids do not appear to contribute to neuroendocrine or uterine mechanisms that promote birth in mice. Therefore, despite evidence in oxytocin knockout mice that oxytocin is not essential for parturition in this species, the results of the present study indicate that oxytocin neurone activity and secretion contribute to the birth process in normal mice.

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N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid stimulates tomato hypocotyl elongation, elevates ethylene levels and alters metabolic homeostasis

10.1101/311159 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sapana Nongmaithem ◽

Sameera Devulapalli ◽

Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi ◽

Rameshwar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Metabolic Networks ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Red Light ◽

Hypocotyl Elongation ◽

Stimulated Emission ◽

Ethylene Action ◽

Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽

Exogenous Ethylene ◽

Species Specific

One sentence summaryN-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) treatment stimulates tomato hypocotyl elongation likely by elevating ethylene emission and lowering indole-3-butyric acid levels in the seedlings.AbstractIn higher plants, phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid is characteristically transported from the apex towards the base of the plant, termed as polar auxin transport (PAT). Among the inhibitors blocking PAT, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) that targets ABCB transporters is most commonly used. NPA-treated light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings show severe inhibition of hypocotyl and root elongation. In light-grown tomato seedlings, NPA inhibited root growth, but contrary to Arabidopsis stimulated hypocotyl elongation. The NPA-stimulation of hypocotyl elongation was milder in blue, red, and far-red light-grown seedlings. The NPA-treatment stimulated emission of ethylene from the seedlings. The scrubbing of ethylene by mercuric perchlorate reduced NPA-stimulated hypocotyl elongation. NPA action on hypocotyl elongation was antagonized by 1-methylcyclopropene, an inhibitor of ethylene action. NPA-treated seedlings had reduced levels of indole-3-butyric acid and higher levels of zeatin in the shoots. NPA did not alter indole-3-acetic levels in shoots. The analysis of metabolic networks indicated that NPA-treatment induced moderate shifts in the networks compared to exogenous ethylene that induced a drastic shift in metabolic networks. Our results indicate that in addition to ethylene, NPA-stimulated hypocotyl elongation in tomato may also involve zeatin and indole-3-butyric acid. Our results indicate that NPA-mediated physiological responses may vary in a species-specific fashion.

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Light Gradient-Based Screening of Arabidopsis thaliana on a 384-Well Type Plant Array Chip

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11020191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Youn-Hee Park ◽

Je-Kyun Park

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

White Light ◽

Solid Medium ◽

Red Light ◽

Phytochrome B ◽

Wild Type ◽

Light Gradient ◽

Gradient Based ◽

Light Effects ◽

Germination And Growth

Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), as a model for plant research, is widely used for various aspects of plant science. To provide a more sophisticated and microscopic environment for the germination and growth of Arabidopsis, we report a 384-well type plant array chip in which each Arabidopsis seed is independently seeded in a solid medium. The plant array chip is made of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) acrylic material and is assembled with a home-made light gradient module to investigate the light effects that significantly affect the germination and growth of Arabidopsis. The light gradient module was used to observe the growth pattern of seedlings according to the intensity of the white light and to efficiently screen for the influence of the white light. To investigate the response to red light (600 nm), which stimulates seed germination, the light gradient module was also applied to the germination test. As a result, the germination results showed that the plant array chip can be used to simultaneously screen wild type seeds and phytochrome B mutant seeds on a single array chip according to the eight red light intensities.

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Arabidopsis chloroplast J protein DJC75/CRRJ mediates nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcaa040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 125 (7) ◽

pp. 1091-1099

Author(s):

Huai-Syuan Ciou ◽

Yu-Lun Tsai ◽

Chi-Chou Chiu

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Red Light ◽

Phytochrome B ◽

Biosynthetic Gene ◽

Unknown Mechanism ◽

J Domain ◽

Domain Protein ◽

J Protein

Abstract Background and Aims Nitrate can stimulate seed germination of many plant species in the absence of light; however, the molecular mechanism of nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark remains largely unclear and no component of this pathway has been identified yet. Here, we show that a plastid J-domain protein, DJC75/CRRJ, in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is important for nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark. Methods The expression of DJC75 during imbibition in the dark was investigated. The seed germination rate of mutants defective in DJC75 was determined in the presence of nitrate when light cues for seed germination were eliminated by the treatment of imbibed seeds with a pulse of far-red light to inactivate phytochrome B (phyB), or by assaying germination in the dark with seeds harbouring the phyB mutation. The germination rates of mutants defective in CRRL, a J-like protein related to DJC75, and in two chloroplast Hsp70s were also measured in the presence of nitrate in darkness. Key Results DJC75 was expressed during seed imbibition in the absence of light. Mutants defective in DJC75 showed seed germination defects in the presence of nitrate when light cues for seed germination were eliminated. Mutants defective in CRRL and in two chloroplast Hsp70s also exhibited similar seed germination defects. Upregulation of gibberellin biosynthetic gene GA3ox1 expression by nitrate in imbibed phyB mutant seeds was diminished when DJC75 was knocked out. Conclusions Our data suggest that plastid J-domain protein DJC75 regulates nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark by upregulation of expression of the gibberellin biosynthetic gene GA3ox1 through an unknown mechanism and that DJC75 may work in concert with chloroplast Hsp70s to regulate nitrate-promoted seed germination. DJC75 is the first pathway component identified for nitrate-promoted seed germination in the dark.

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Deconstructing and repurposing the light-regulated interplay between Arabidopsis phytochromes and interacting factors

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-019-0687-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Golonka ◽

Patrick Fischbach ◽

Siddhartha G. Jena ◽

Julius R. W. Kleeberg ◽

Lars-Oliver Essen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Red Light ◽

Interaction Data ◽

Phytochrome B ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Membrane Recruitment ◽

C Terminus ◽

Regulated Gene Expression ◽

Insight Into ◽

Differential Affinity

AbstractPhytochrome photoreceptors mediate adaptive responses of plants to red and far-red light. These responses generally entail light-regulated association between phytochromes and other proteins, among them the phytochrome-interacting factors (PIF). The interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome B (AtPhyB) localizes to the bipartite APB motif of the A. thaliana PIFs (AtPIF). To address a dearth of quantitative interaction data, we construct and analyze numerous AtPIF3/6 variants. Red-light-activated binding is predominantly mediated by the APB N-terminus, whereas the C-terminus modulates binding and underlies the differential affinity of AtPIF3 and AtPIF6. We identify AtPIF variants of reduced size, monomeric or homodimeric state, and with AtPhyB affinities between 10 and 700 nM. Optogenetically deployed in mammalian cells, the AtPIF variants drive light-regulated gene expression and membrane recruitment, in certain cases reducing basal activity and enhancing regulatory response. Moreover, our results provide hitherto unavailable quantitative insight into the AtPhyB:AtPIF interaction underpinning vital light-dependent responses in plants.

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