scholarly journals Gonadal status upon spring arrival in long-distance and short-distance migrating stonechats (Saxicola torquata)

2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Raess ◽  
Eberhard Gwinner
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Saxicola Torquata ◽  
Spring Arrival ◽  
Gonadal Status

scholarly journals Climate change effects on migration phenology may mismatch brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Saino ◽  
Diego Rubolini ◽  
Esa Lehikoinen ◽  
Leonid V. Sokolov ◽  
Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
Spring Arrival

Phenological responses to climate change vary among taxa and across trophic levels. This can lead to a mismatch between the life cycles of ecologically interrelated populations (e.g. predators and prey), with negative consequences for population dynamics of some of the interacting species. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that climate change might disrupt the association between the life cycles of the common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ), a migratory brood parasitic bird, and its hosts. We investigated changes in timing of spring arrival of the cuckoo and its hosts throughout Europe over six decades, and found that short-distance, but not long-distance, migratory hosts have advanced their arrival more than the cuckoo. Hence, cuckoos may keep track of phenological changes of long-distance, but not short-distance migrant hosts, with potential consequences for breeding of both cuckoo and hosts. The mismatch to some of the important hosts may contribute to the decline of cuckoo populations and explain some of the observed local changes in parasitism rates of migratory hosts.

scholarly journals Changes in spring arrival dates of Central European bird species over the past 100 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
László Bozó ◽  
Tibor Csörgő
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arrival Dates ◽  
Spring Arrival

Over the past decades, spring temperatures have increased in temperate regions, which resulted in birds arriving earlier in spring. Nonetheless, the timing of some species’ spring migration relies on endogenous rhythms that are not affected by climate change. In this study, we analysed changes in the spring arrival dates of 36 bird species over two periods in 22 towns and villages in Southeast Hungary and West Romania. The first period covered the national spring migration counts between 1894 and 1926, while the second period took place between 2005 and 2019 and is based on our recent observation data. Our results show, that the average spring arrival dates of most long-distance migrant species have not changed significantly over the past 100 years. In contrast, in cases of medium and short-distance migrants, most species arrive earlier recently than in the past. This may be caused by the fact, that the migration habit of long-distance migrants is characterized by strong genetic determinants, so they can not react as quickly to the warmer spring weather in Europe as the medium and short-distance migrants. However, in cases of some long-distance migrants, the timing of spring migration changed due to the drying of wintering grounds.

scholarly journals Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1685) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan Both ◽  
Chris A. M. Van Turnhout ◽  
Rob G. Bijlsma ◽  
Henk Siepel ◽  
Arco J. Van Strien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Population Consequences ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Spring Arrival ◽  
Seasonal Habitats

One consequence of climate change is an increasing mismatch between timing of food requirements and food availability. Such a mismatch is primarily expected in avian long-distance migrants because of their complex annual cycle, and in habitats with a seasonal food peak. Here we show that insectivorous long-distance migrant species in The Netherlands declined strongly (1984–2004) in forests, a habitat characterized by a short spring food peak, but that they did not decline in less seasonal marshes. Also, within generalist long-distance migrant species, populations declined more strongly in forests than in marshes. Forest-inhabiting migrant species arriving latest in spring declined most sharply, probably because their mismatch with the peak in food supply is greatest. Residents and short-distance migrants had non-declining populations in both habitats, suggesting that habitat quality did not deteriorate. Habitat-related differences in trends were most probably caused by climate change because at a European scale, long-distance migrants in forests declined more severely in western Europe, where springs have become considerably warmer, when compared with northern Europe, where temperatures during spring arrival and breeding have increased less. Our results suggest that trophic mismatches may have become a major cause for population declines in long-distance migrants in highly seasonal habitats.

scholarly journals K → μ+μ− as a clean probe of short-distance physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avital Dery ◽  
Mitrajyoti Ghosh ◽  
Yuval Grossman ◽  
Stefan Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Element ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Final States ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ckm Matrix ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract The K → μ+μ− decay is often considered to be uninformative of fundamental theory parameters since the decay is polluted by long-distance hadronic effects. We demonstrate that, using very mild assumptions and utilizing time-dependent interference effects, ℬ(KS → μ+μ−)ℓ=0 can be experimentally determined without the need to separate the ℓ = 0 and ℓ = 1 final states. This quantity is very clean theoretically and can be used to test the Standard Model. In particular, it can be used to extract the CKM matrix element combination $$ \mid {V}_{ts}{V}_{td}\sin \left(\beta +{\beta}_s\right)\mid \approx \mid {A}^2{\lambda}^5\overline{\eta}\mid $$ ∣ V ts V td sin β + β s ∣ ≈ ∣ A 2 λ 5 η ¯ ∣ with hadronic uncertainties below 1%.

scholarly journals The impact of some morphological and motor characteristics in short distance running

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Q. Ramabaja ◽  
N. Rashiti ◽  
M. Shkodra ◽  
L. Ramadani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The knowledge of morphological development and their impact on motor skills in short-distance athletes should be one of the main concerns of athletics coaches, because any scientific research in the field of physical culture and sports is about proving the development and evaluation of anthropological characteristics which are responsible for achieving success in athletics. The purpose of this paper is to confirm the impact of some anthropometric characteristics in the execution of running speeds on short distances, specifically in running at 100, 200 and 400 meters to students aged 18 ± 6 years of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Prishtina. The sample of this research has included a total of 60 students aged 18 years of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Prishtina. The measurements were executed during September in the hall of the Faculty, while the 100, 200, and 400 meter runs in the stadium "Fadil Vokrri" Prishtina. The only condition that was used during the determination of the sample was: that the students are involved in regular physical education classes (and on the day of the measurement be healthy, without the flu, cold or other symptoms). The variables which are applied in this research have been 8 anthropometric variables and 3 motor-specific variables. The results obtained after their processing indicate that the impact of anthropometric variables is higher in running at 100, 200 and 400 meters. Short distance running and long distance running reduces the impact of anthropometric parameters whereas the influence of metabolic factors of energy production is increased.  These results were also confirmed using regression analysis, so that groups of predictors of anthropometric characteristics, specific motor skills that statistically significantly influenced each variable of individual criteria. The world records below the 10-second limit, in the 100 m, near the 9-meter limit, show not only the high level of sports, but also the strong impact on the growth, especially of strength indicators, speed-strength, explosive force, as main and applied motor skills in sports and athlete’s everyday life.

scholarly journals Job Accessibility from a Multiple Commuting Circles Perspective Using Baidu Location Data: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai ◽  
Liu ◽  
Luo ◽  
Xing ◽  
Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Job Accessibility ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Service Jobs ◽  
Wuhan Metropolitan Area

Jobs–housing imbalance is a hot topic in urban study and has obtained many results. However, little research has overcome the limits of administrative boundaries in job accessibility measurement and considered differences in job accessibility within multiple commuting circles. Using Baidu location data, this research proposes a new method to measure job accessibility within multiple commuting circles at the grids’ level. Taking the Wuhan metropolitan area as a case study, the results are as follows: (1) Housing and service jobs are concentrated in the central urban areas along the Yangtze River, whereas industrial jobs are scattered throughout suburbs with double centers. The potential competition for job opportunities is fiercer in the city center than in the suburbs. (2) Job accessibility with different levels shows significant circle-like distribution. People with long- or short-distance potential commutes demand to live close to the groups with the same demand. Residents with long-distance commutes demand to live outside of where those with short-distance commutes demand to reside, regardless of whether their commuting demand is for service or industrial jobs. (3) There are three optimization patterns for transit services to increase job accessibility in various areas. These patterns involve areas with inadequate job opportunities, poor transit services to service jobs, and poor transit services to industrial jobs. Developing current transit facilities or new transit alternatives as well as adding extra jobs near housing could improve jobs–housing imbalance in these areas. Findings from this study could guide the allocation of jobs and housing as well as the development of transport to reduce residents’ commuting burdens and promote transportation equity. The method used in this study can be applied to evaluate jobs–housing imbalance from the perspective of the supply in other metropolises.

scholarly journals Increased EEG coherence in long‐distance and short‐distance connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Xuelai Wang ◽  
Huiying Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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