scholarly journals Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1685) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan Both ◽  
Chris A. M. Van Turnhout ◽  
Rob G. Bijlsma ◽  
Henk Siepel ◽  
Arco J. Van Strien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Population Consequences ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Spring Arrival ◽  
Seasonal Habitats

One consequence of climate change is an increasing mismatch between timing of food requirements and food availability. Such a mismatch is primarily expected in avian long-distance migrants because of their complex annual cycle, and in habitats with a seasonal food peak. Here we show that insectivorous long-distance migrant species in The Netherlands declined strongly (1984–2004) in forests, a habitat characterized by a short spring food peak, but that they did not decline in less seasonal marshes. Also, within generalist long-distance migrant species, populations declined more strongly in forests than in marshes. Forest-inhabiting migrant species arriving latest in spring declined most sharply, probably because their mismatch with the peak in food supply is greatest. Residents and short-distance migrants had non-declining populations in both habitats, suggesting that habitat quality did not deteriorate. Habitat-related differences in trends were most probably caused by climate change because at a European scale, long-distance migrants in forests declined more severely in western Europe, where springs have become considerably warmer, when compared with northern Europe, where temperatures during spring arrival and breeding have increased less. Our results suggest that trophic mismatches may have become a major cause for population declines in long-distance migrants in highly seasonal habitats.

scholarly journals Climate change effects on migration phenology may mismatch brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Saino ◽  
Diego Rubolini ◽  
Esa Lehikoinen ◽  
Leonid V. Sokolov ◽  
Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
Spring Arrival

Phenological responses to climate change vary among taxa and across trophic levels. This can lead to a mismatch between the life cycles of ecologically interrelated populations (e.g. predators and prey), with negative consequences for population dynamics of some of the interacting species. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that climate change might disrupt the association between the life cycles of the common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ), a migratory brood parasitic bird, and its hosts. We investigated changes in timing of spring arrival of the cuckoo and its hosts throughout Europe over six decades, and found that short-distance, but not long-distance, migratory hosts have advanced their arrival more than the cuckoo. Hence, cuckoos may keep track of phenological changes of long-distance, but not short-distance migrant hosts, with potential consequences for breeding of both cuckoo and hosts. The mismatch to some of the important hosts may contribute to the decline of cuckoo populations and explain some of the observed local changes in parasitism rates of migratory hosts.

scholarly journals Climate change and population declines in a long-distance migratory bird

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 441 (7089) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan Both ◽  
Sandra Bouwhuis ◽  
C. M. Lessells ◽  
Marcel E. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Rapid change in host use of the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus linked to climate change

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1706) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Møller ◽  
N. Saino ◽  
P. Adamík ◽  
R. Ambrosini ◽  
A. Antonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Cuculus Canorus ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

Parasites require synchrony with their hosts so if host timing changes with climate change, some parasites may decline and eventually go extinct. Residents and short-distance migrant hosts of the brood parasitic common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus , have advanced their phenology in response to climate change more than long-distance migrants, including the cuckoo itself. Because different parts of Europe show different degrees of climate change, we predicted that use of residents or short-distance migrants as hosts should have declined in areas with greater increase in spring temperature. Comparing relative frequency of parasitism of the two host categories in 23 European countries before and after 1990, when spring temperatures in many areas had started to increase, we found that relative parasitism of residents and short-distance migrants decreased. This change in host use was positively related to increase in spring temperature, consistent with the prediction that relative change in phenology for different migrant classes drives host-use patterns. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that climate change affects the relative abundance of different host races of the common cuckoo.

Erwinia amylovora (fireblight).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Being Moved

Abstract The long distance spread of fire blight is a rare event which in most cases seems to be the result of plants or plant tissues being moved across the oceans. Short distance spread is the result of the characteristics of the pathogen, especially its ability to produce an exudate (bacteria embedded in exopolysaccharides) which is easily transported by wind, rain, insects or birds. This is very efficient; once the pathogen has moved into a new territory it almost always colonizes and becomes established. This is accompanied by economic losses in regions where apple, pear or loquat are grown commercially; it might prevent the survival of local cultivars and could disrupt international trade. To date fire blight has colonized most of North America, Western Europe and most of the countries around the Mediterranean Sea as well as New Zealand. Outbreaks of fire blight are irregular and difficult to control.

The Hanseatic Cultural Signature: Exploring Globalization on the Micro-Scale in Late Medieval Northern Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gaimster
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Material Evidence

The Hansa formed the principal agent of trade and cultural exchange in northern Europe and the Baltic during the late medieval to early modern periods. Hanseatic urban settlements in northern Europe shared many things in common. Their cultural ‘signature’ was articulated physically through a shared vocabulary of built heritage and domestic goods, from step-gabled brick architecture to clothing, diet, and domestic utensils. The redevelopment of towns on the Baltic littoral over the past 20+ years offers an archaeological opportunity to investigate key attributes of late medieval society on the micro-scale. Such attributes include the development of mercantile capitalism, colonialism, and proto-globalization. For instance, distributions of artefacts now point to the Hansa as an agent of the Reformation movement in northern and western Europe. Where they were once almost exclusively regarded as material evidence for long-distance commercial activity, domestic artefacts, such as table and heating ceramics, are now subject to scrutiny as media for social, cultural, ethnic, and confessional relationships, and combine to create a distinctive Hanseatic material signature. Ceramic case studies illustrate how the archaeology of the Hansa now intersects with the wider historical debate about Europeanisation and proto-globalization arising from the development of long-distance maritime trade from the thirteenth century onwards.

scholarly journals Changes in spring arrival dates of Central European bird species over the past 100 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
László Bozó ◽  
Tibor Csörgő
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arrival Dates ◽  
Spring Arrival

Over the past decades, spring temperatures have increased in temperate regions, which resulted in birds arriving earlier in spring. Nonetheless, the timing of some species’ spring migration relies on endogenous rhythms that are not affected by climate change. In this study, we analysed changes in the spring arrival dates of 36 bird species over two periods in 22 towns and villages in Southeast Hungary and West Romania. The first period covered the national spring migration counts between 1894 and 1926, while the second period took place between 2005 and 2019 and is based on our recent observation data. Our results show, that the average spring arrival dates of most long-distance migrant species have not changed significantly over the past 100 years. In contrast, in cases of medium and short-distance migrants, most species arrive earlier recently than in the past. This may be caused by the fact, that the migration habit of long-distance migrants is characterized by strong genetic determinants, so they can not react as quickly to the warmer spring weather in Europe as the medium and short-distance migrants. However, in cases of some long-distance migrants, the timing of spring migration changed due to the drying of wintering grounds.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND PATTERNS OF HUMAN MIGRATION EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH ASIA AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Tila Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Change Event

This paper is about how and by what ways climate change affects human migration. The world at large is expected to face crises of dual nature. In the first place, excessive fossil fuel consumption would result in environmental degradation. Among others, people would be faced with serious food crises as well as reduced income. In the wake of environmental change, people will migrate in search of better income prospects and food security. There is no doubt that there a strong but direct relationship between climate change and human displacement. This displacement may either be long distance or a short distance in other cases. If it is a short distance, there is a possibility that it will be temporary, and as soon as the climate change event is over, people may return back to their habitats. It may be a long-distance if climate change-related event takes place on regular intervals over a long period of time. Data is collected through secondary sources.

scholarly journals Declines in Common and Migratory Breeding Landbird Species in South Korea Over the Past Two Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hankyu Kim ◽  
Yongwon Mo ◽  
Chang-Yong Choi ◽  
Brenda C. McComb ◽  
Matthew G. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Declining Species

Population declines in terrestrial bird species have been reported across temperate regions in the world and are attributed to habitat loss, climate change, or other direct mortality sources. North American and European studies indicate that long-distance migrants, common species, and species associated with grasslands and agricultural lands are declining at the greatest rates. However, data from East Asia on avian population trends and associated drivers are extremely sparse. We modeled changes in occupancy of 52 common breeding landbird species in South Korea between 1997–2005 and 2013–2019. Thirty-eight percent of the species showed evidence of declines, and seven of these were declining severely (46–95%). Occupancy of Black-capped Kingfisher (Halcyon pileata) populations have dropped the most precipitously over the study period. Among declining species, long-distance migrants (9/20) and common species (14/20) showed more rapid declines than other groups. Declines of five species were associated with climate change, and two species appeared to be affected by land-cover change. However, causes of change in occupancy of other species (46/52) remains cryptic. Based on our results, we suggest an immediate re-evaluation of species’ conservation status and legal protection levels for seven severely declining species in South Korea, and a dedicated survey design and analysis effort for the continued monitoring landbird populations. Because many species exhibiting declines migrate from beyond national boundaries, international collaborations will be required to better quantify population trends across the full annual cycle, and to understand mechanisms for these declines.

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