scholarly journals Genetic variation of Anisoptera costata Korth in Tan Phu tropical forest, Dinh Quan district, Dong Nai province

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Dang Phan Hien ◽  
Nguyen Minh Duc ◽  
Nguyen Phan Lan Hong ◽  
Bui Thi Tuyet Xuan ◽  
Vu Dinh Duy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Over Exploitation

Anisoptera costata Korth, an endangered species is distributed in lowland tropical forests of southern Vietnam. Habitat loss and over-exploitation are the major reasons for threatening this species. Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to analyze 64 adult trees from three A. costata populations in lowland tropical forests of Tan Phu, Dinh Quan district, Dong Nai Province in Southeast Vietnam to detect the effects of deforestation on gene flow and the differentiation among populations in lowland tropical forests. The results showed that all A. costata populations have the moderate levels of the genetic diversity within populations with mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities, 0.242 and 0.269, respectively, moderate genetic differentiation among A. costata populations (0.179), and indicating limited gene flow (Nm = 1.15). Analysis of molecular variance indicated high genetic variation within populations (64.68%) and indicating moderate genetic structure in A. costata in Tan Phu. Bayesian analysis detected two genetic lineages, cluster 1 including one population of Mieu Co Nam and cluster 2 including two populations, Thac Mai and Bau Nuoc. These results contribute understanding genetic diversity of A. costata in lowland forests of Southeastern Vietnam and will provide guidelines for conservation, management and resoration of the species.

scholarly journals Targeted Sequencing Suggests Wild-Crop Gene Flow Is Central to Different Genetic Consequences of Two Independent Pumpkin Domestications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather R. Kates ◽  
Fernando López Anido ◽  
Guillermo Sánchez-de la Vega ◽  
Luis E. Eguiarte ◽  
Pamela S. Soltis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Breeding Potential ◽  
Trait Improvement ◽  
Wild Progenitors

Studies of domestication genetics enrich our understanding of how domestication shapes genetic and morphological diversity. We characterized patterns of genetic variation in two independently domesticated pumpkins and their wild progenitors to assess and compare genetic consequences of domestication. To compare genetic diversity pre- and post-domestication and to identify genes targeted by selection during domestication, we analyzed ∼15,000 SNPs of 48 unrelated accessions, including wild, landrace, and improved lines for each of two pumpkin species, Cucurbita argyrosperma and Cucurbita maxima. Genetic diversity relative to its wild progenitor was reduced in only one domesticated subspecies, C. argyrosperma ssp. argyrosperma. The two species have different patterns of genetic structure across domestication status. Only 1.5% of the domestication features identified for both species were shared between species. These findings suggest that ancestral genetic diversity, wild-crop gene flow, and domestication practices shaped the genetic diversity of two similar Cucurbita crops in different ways, adding to our understanding of how genetic diversity changes during the processes of domestication and how trait improvement impacts the breeding potential of modern crops.

Genetic variation of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers in broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in the Colville and Sagavanirktok rivers in northern Alaska

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Patton ◽  
B J Gallaway ◽  
R G Fechhelm ◽  
M A Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Colville River ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Northern Alaska

There has been concern that a causeway leading to oil production facilities in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea could affect the extent of emigration from, and immigration into, a population of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in the Sagavanirktok River. To assess this, we analyzed the genetic relationships of the broad whitefish populations in the Sagavanirktok River, and the nearest adjacent population, in the Colville River. Three microsatellite loci from the nuclear genome, and the NADH-1 gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), were analyzed. Diploid genotypes were determined with PCR amplification of the microsatellite loci, and mtDNA genotypes were identified with PCR amplification followed by sequencing of 798 nucleotides. Several alleles were identified at each locus and both populations had high levels of genetic variation. There is significant differentiation of the Sagavanirktok River and Colville River broad whitefish stocks for the three microsatellite loci (FST = 0.031) but not mtDNA (FST < 0.001). Possible explanations for the lower level of differentiation of mtDNA than microsatellites include female-mediated gene flow between populations, skewed sex ratios, natural selection, or mutation. The results indicate that there is limited gene flow between the Colville and Sagavanirktok rivers, which represent semi-isolated spawning populations.

Conservation genetics and ecology of the endangered rainforest shrub, Triunia robusta, from the Sunshine Coast, Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Shapcott
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Mean

Triunia robusta, which until recently was thought to be extinct, is now classified nationally as endangered. It is an understorey species restricted to the subcoastal rainforests in a small region of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland. The project involved sampling the genetic variation and measuring the population size and size distribution of T. robusta and its geographically closest congener T. youngiana, which occurs further south and has a wider geographic distribution. A total of 877 T. robusta plants were recorded across the 11 populations, approximately half (56.8&percnt;) of these were juveniles less than 1 m tall, whereas in T. youngiana only about 36.4&percnt; of a population was composed of juveniles. Genetic diversity was similar but significantly higher for T. robusta than T. youngiana if the very small T. robusta populations (2 or 3 plants) were excluded from analysis (P &lt; 0.05). The mean percentage of polymorphic loci among populations was high for both species. Triunia robusta is not, on average, more inbred than the more common T. youngiana. There was more differentiation between the T. robusta populations, which were in close proximity, than between the more geographically separated T. youngiana populations. Thus, there is evidence of more gene flow between populations of T. youngiana than between those of T. robusta. However, there was no geographic relationship between genetic similarity and geographic proximity in T. robusta

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, structure and gene flow of migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) in Canada

Rangifer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri McFarlane ◽  
Anne Gunn ◽  
Mitch Campbell ◽  
Mathieu Dumond ◽  
Jan Adamczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

Migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) provide an opportunity to examine the genetic population structure of a migratory large mammal whose movements and distribution, in some instances, have not been heavily influenced by human activities that result in habitat loss or fragmentation. These caribou have likely reached large effective population sizes since their rapid radiation during the early Holocene despite cyclic changes in abundance. Migratory barren-ground caribou are managed as discrete subpopulations. We investigated genetic variation among those subpopulations to determine the patterns of genetic diversity within and among them, and the implications for long-term persistence of caribou. We identified three distinct genetic clusters across the Canadian arctic tundra: the first cluster consisted of all fully-continental migratory barren-ground subpopulations; the second cluster was the Dolphin and Union caribou; and the third cluster was caribou from Southampton Island. The Southampton Island caribou are especially genetically distinct from the other barren-ground type caribou. Gene flow among subpopulations varied across the range. Occasional gene flow across the sea-ice is likely the reason for high levels of genetic variation in the Dolphin and Union subpopulation, which experienced very low numbers in the past. These results suggest that for most migratory caribou subpopulations, connectivity among subpopulations plays an important role in maintaining natural genetic diversity. Our analyses provide insight into the levels of microsatellite genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow that may be common to large subpopulations that historically had a continuous distribution across a large continental range. These data can also be used as a benchmark to compare the effects of habitat fragmentation and bottlenecks on other large caribou populations.

scholarly journals Going with the flow: analysis of population structure reveals high gene flow shaping invasion pattern and inducing range expansion of Mikania micrantha in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 1113-1126
Author(s):  
Achyut Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Zhuangwei Hou ◽  
Yuting Lin ◽  
Wentao Lan ◽  
Fengxiao Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
High Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Pattern ◽  
High Gene

Abstract Background and Aims Mikania micrantha, a climbing perennial weed of the family Asteraceae, is native to Latin America and is highly invasive in the tropical belt of Asia, Oceania and Australia. This study was framed to investigate the population structure of M. micrantha at a large spatial scale in Asia and to identify how introduction history, evolutionary forces and landscape features influenced the genetic pattern of the species in this region. Methods We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of 1052 individuals from 46 populations for 12 microsatellite loci. The spatial pattern of genetic variation was investigated by estimating the relationship between genetic distance and geographical, climatic and landscape resistances hypothesized to influence gene flow between populations. Key Results We found high genetic diversity of M. micrantha in this region, as compared with the genetic diversity parameters of other invasive species. Spatial and non-spatial clustering algorithms identified the presence of multiple genetic clusters and admixture between populations. Most of the populations showed heterozygote deficiency, primarily due to inbreeding, and the founder populations showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck. Persistent gene flow throughout the invasive range caused low genetic differentiation among populations and provided beneficial genetic variation to the marginal populations in a heterogeneous environment. Environmental suitability was found to buffer the detrimental effects of inbreeding at the leading edge of range expansion. Both linear and non-linear regression models demonstrated a weak relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance, as well as bioclimatic variables and environmental resistance surfaces. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that extensive gene flow and admixture between populations have influenced the current genetic pattern of M. micrantha in this region. High gene flow across the invaded landscape may facilitate adaptation, establishment and long-term persistence of the population, thereby indicating the range expansion ability of the species.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in the emblematic Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) from Huascarán National Park, Peru

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Teresa Hornung-Leoni ◽  
Victoria Sosa ◽  
June Simpson ◽  
Katia Gil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mountain Systems

Puya raimondii, the giant Peruvian and Bolivian terrestrial bromeliad, is an emblematic endemic Andean species well represented in Huascarán National Park in Peru. This park is the largest reserve of puna (high altitude plateau) vegetation. The objective of this study is to report on genetic variation in populations of P. raimondii from Huascarán and neighboring areas. AFLP profiles with four selective primer combinations were retrieved for 60 individuals from different zones. Genetic variability was estimated and a total of 172 bands were detected, of which 79.1% were polymorphic loci. The results showed genetic differentiation among populations, and gene flow. A cluster analysis showed that individuals of P. raimondii populations located in different mountain systems could be grouped together, suggesting long distance dispersal. Thus, conservation strategies for P. raimondii have to take into account exchange between populations located far apart in distance in order to preserve the genetic diversity of this showy species.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ORNAMENTAL SPECIMENS OF THE GENUS SANSEVIERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-992
Author(s):  
MÉRCIA DE CARVALHO ALMEIDA RÊGO ◽  
ANGELA CELIS DE ALMEIDA LOPES ◽  
ROSELI FARIAS MELO DE BARROS ◽  
ALONSO MOTA LAMAS ◽  
MARCONES FERREIRA COSTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize and estimate genetic divergence among twelve specimens of the Sansevieria genus from the collection of the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). A completely randomized experimental design was used with three replicates, and the plot consisted of four plants. In morphological characterization, qualitative and quantitative descriptors of leaves were evaluated. Genetic divergence among the specimens was determined by the Tocher clustering method and the hierarchical UPGMA. There is genetic variation among specimens evaluated, which was also expressed by the variability of colors, shapes, and sizes of the leaves. The Tocher clustering method and the hierarchical UPGMA were effective in differentiation of the specimens from multi-categorical qualitative descriptors, as the Tocher method grouped the accessions in two groups and the UPGMA in seven different groups. We highlight the accessions SSV 09 and SSV 10 as exhibiting the highest mean values in weekly leaf growth and in leaf height, important characteristics for local sale and for export.

scholarly journals Applied phylogeography of Cyclopia intermedia (Fabaceae) highlights the need for ‘duty of care’ when cultivating honeybush

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Galuszynski ◽  
Alastair J. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Mountain Ranges

Background The current cultivation and plant breeding of Honeybush tea (produced from members of CyclopiaVent.) do not consider the genetic diversity nor structuring of wild populations. Thus, wild populations may be at risk of genetic contamination if cultivated plants are grown in the same landscape. Here, we investigate the spatial distribution of genetic diversity within Cyclopia intermedia E. Mey.—this species is widespread and endemic in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) and used in the production of Honeybush tea. Methods We applied High Resolution Melt analysis (HRM), with confirmation Sanger sequencing, to screen two non-coding chloroplast DNA regions (two fragments from the atpI-aptH intergenic spacer and one from the ndhA intron) in wild C. intermedia populations. A total of 156 individuals from 17 populations were analyzed for phylogeographic structuring. Statistical tests included analyses of molecular variance and isolation-by-distance, while relationships among haplotypes were ascertained using a statistical parsimony network. Results Populations were found to exhibit high levels of genetic structuring, with 62.8% of genetic variation partitioned within mountain ranges. An additional 9% of genetic variation was located amongst populations within mountains, suggesting limited seed exchange among neighboring populations. Despite this phylogeographic structuring, no isolation-by-distance was detected (p > 0.05) as nucleotide variation among haplotypes did not increase linearly with geographic distance; this is not surprising given that the configuration of mountain ranges dictates available habitats and, we assume, seed dispersal kernels. Conclusions Our findings support concerns that the unmonitored redistribution of Cyclopia genetic material may pose a threat to the genetic diversity of wild populations, and ultimately the genetic resources within the species. We argue that ‘duty of care’ principles be used when cultivating Honeybush and that seed should not be translocated outside of the mountain range of origin. Secondarily, given the genetic uniqueness of wild populations, cultivated populations should occur at distance from wild populations that is sufficient to prevent unintended gene flow; however, further research is needed to assess gene flow within mountain ranges.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of European Beech Populations and Their Progeny from Northeast Germany to Southwest Switzerland

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Müller ◽  
Laura Cuervo-Alarcon ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
Rajendra K.C. ◽  
Meena Chhetri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Variation ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Regeneration Phase

Climate change can adversely affect the growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across its entire distribution range. Therefore, knowledge of the adaptive potential of this species to changing climatic conditions is of foremost importance. Genetic diversity is the basis for adaptation to environmental stress, and the regeneration phase of forests is a key stage affecting genetic diversity. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of climate change on the genetic diversity of adult trees compared to their progeny. Here, we present genetic diversity data for 24 beech populations ranging from northeast Germany to southwest Switzerland. Potentially adaptive genetic variation was studied using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in candidate genes that are possibly involved in adaptive trait variation. In addition, more than 2000 adult trees and 3000 of their seedlings were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to determine selectively neutral genetic diversity and differentiation among populations. All populations showed high SSR and SNP variation, and no differences in genetic diversity were found between adult trees and their offspring. The genetic differentiation between adults and seedlings within the same stands was also insignificant or very low. Therefore, we can conclude tentatively that the transfer of genetic variation among tree generations, currently, is not much affected by climate change, at least in the studied beech populations.

scholarly journals Increases in Genetic Diversity of Weedy Rice Associated with Ambient Temperatures and Limited Gene Flow

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Hua Kong ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Jing-Yuan Guo ◽  
Qi-Yu Xia ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Molecular Fingerprints ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Limited Gene Flow

Hypotheses regarding the association of increased species or genetic diversity with gradually warmer regions as a global pattern have been proposed, but no direct and solid experimental data are available to approve the association between plant genetic diversity and ambient temperatures. To test the diversity-temperature hypothesis, we studied genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations occurring naturally in early- and late-season rice fields that share nearly the same ecological conditions but with slightly different temperatures. Data collected from 10-year historical climatic records indicated a ~2 °C higher average air temperature in the late rice-cultivation seasons than in the early seasons. Results based on molecular fingerprints of 27 SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci showed a higher level of genetic diversity in the late-season weedy rice populations than in the early-season populations. In addition, a positive correlation was detected between the increased proportion of genetic diversity (ΔHe) and genetic differentiation among the weedy rice populations, suggesting limited gene flow. Therefore, we conclude from this study that increased genetic diversity in the late-season weedy rice populations is probably caused by the higher ambient temperatures. This finding provides evidence for the possible association between genetic diversity and ambient temperatures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document