A large-scale colluvial landslide caused by multiple factors: mechanism analysis and phased stabilization

Abstract The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum has become a major agricultural pest since the large-scale cultivation of Bt-cotton. It was assumed that A. lucorum, similarly to other phloem sap insects, could secrete saliva that contains effector proteins into plant interfaces to perturb host cellular processes during feeding. However, the secreted effectors of A. lucorum are still uncharacterized and unstudied. In this study, 1878 putative secreted proteins were identified from the transcriptome of A. lucorum, which either had homology with published aphid effectors or shared common features with plant pathogens and insect effectors. One hundred and seventy-two candidate effectors were used for cell death-inducing/suppressing assays, and a putative salivary gland effector, Apolygus lucorum cell death inhibitor 6 (Al6), was characterized. The mRNAs of Al6 were enriched at feeding stages (nymph and adult) and, in particular, in salivary glands. Moreover, we revealed that the secreted Al6 encoded an active glutathione peroxidase that reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation induced by INF1 or Flg22. Expression of the Al6 gene in planta altered insect feeding behavior and promoted plant pathogen infections. Inhibition of cell death and enhanced plant susceptibility to insect and pathogens are dependent on glutathione peroxidase activity of Al6. Thus, this study shows that a candidate salivary gland effector, Al6, functions as a glutathione peroxidase and suppresses ROS induced by pathogen-associated molecular pattern to inhibit pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-induced cell death. The identification and molecular mechanism analysis of the Al6 candidate effector in A. lucorum will provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of insect–plant interactions.

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Research on Mass Transfer Process of AMD Corrosion Reaction and Model of Deposition Calculation for Acid Load

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2823 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 713-715 ◽

pp. 2823-2829

Author(s):

Li Chun Jiang ◽

Wei Wu Li ◽

Jun Jia Zeng

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Large Scale ◽

Engineering Application ◽

Oxidation Mechanism ◽

Mathematical Expression ◽

Mass Transfer Process ◽

Calculation Model ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

Acid Load

Evaluate the influence instability by AMD corrosion based on the slope of a large-scale sulfide mine. On the basis of the corrosion experiment, carry out the researches on the solution ion change rules before vs. after evaluation; set up the mathematical expression of the AMD corrosion amount through the analysis of the corrosion mass transfer; establish the acid load deposition calculation model by AMD based on the oxidation mechanism analysis of sulfide ores; the engineering application indicates that, at the puddle, wells, sump and fracturing catchment areas, AMD acid load deposition was accumulated and the acid load is significantly higher than other area which is up to 500 mg/L; on the slope surface, as the time period affected by AMD is shorter, acid load is between 166~300mg/L; for the streams far away from mines, the acid load, less than 20mg/L, is at the minimum level. The model calculation result is consistent with the spot reality.

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Mechanism Analysis and Criterion for Avoiding Risk of Karst Water Burst Flood Illustrated in Maluqing Tunnel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2650 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 250-253 ◽

pp. 2650-2661 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ming Huang ◽

Xu Dong Zhang ◽

Mao Kun Xu ◽

Li Qin Cai

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Daily Rainfall ◽

Bed Load ◽

Hydraulic Pressure ◽

Karst Water ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Karst Cavity ◽

Mechanics Characteristic ◽

Statistical Analysis Method

With 19 groups of data associated with inrush or bursting water from karst cavity, obtained from Yichang-Wanxian Railway Maluqing Tunnel field test, conceptual models of Karst Water Burst Flood (KWBF) was brought forward by statistical analysis and phenomenological induction. KWBF is super-large amount of artesian water together with mud, which statically deposited in karst cavity, suddenly released into tunnel. KWBF has 3 kinds of characteristic: large scale of cavity water, high hydraulic pressure, high bed load content, dynamic supply of ground water, strong destroyed power; no foreboding, paroxysmal and intermittence, antinomy between paroxysmal and arrearage; force majeure, difficulty forecast, etc. Forecasting of Karst Water Burst Flood is conducted with rainfall seeping theory and statistical analysis method, while the base data are obtained from field quantity observation technical such as rainfall, hydrograph measure. Because of pressure dispersion between inside and outside of the cavity, seepage enlarge is evolved into conflux so that deprive groundwater from aquifer aqueduct and fracture, so, the water together with mud release suddenly from karst into tunnel. The key effect factor on KWBF is water count and silted or filling degree of conflux aqueduct. It is the essential numerical criterion that the daily rainfall must be less than 20mm if construction in the tunnel after the karst cavity has been broken through. To evade risk during construction temporary stage and permanent working stage, measure of energy releasing and pressure reducing (ERPR) must be accept. In addition, it was suggested that the key parameter of risk control for karst tunnel is water count and its cumulating velocity, mechanics characteristic of bed load filling in the conflux aqueduct.

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Formation-Evolutionary Mechanism Analysis and Impacts of Human Activities on the 20 August 2019 Clustered Debris Flows Event in Wenchuan County, Southwestern China

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2021.616113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Li ◽

Xing-nian Liu ◽

Bin-rui Gan ◽

Xie-kang Wang ◽

Xing-guo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Debris Flow ◽

Human Activities ◽

Debris Flows ◽

Large Scale ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Prediction And Prevention

Characterized by large scale, high frequency, and strong destructiveness, debris flow has become the most noticeable geohazards throughout the world, especially in the mountainous areas of southwestern China. On August 20, 2019, large-scale heavy rainfall pummeled Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China, which resulted in a cluster of debris flows (the “8·20” clustered debris flows event), and caused considerable economic losses (approximately 3.4 billion RMB were lost) and heavy casualties (48,862 people were displaced, 16 people died and 22 people went missing). Based on field investigation, image data interpretation, mechanism analysis, and other methods, this study reveals the formation mechanism, dynamic evolutionary process, and impacts of human activities on the “8·20” clustered debris flows event. Results from a comprehensive analysis indicate that the occurrence of short-term, high-intensity rainfall and the excessive supply of solid material were the main factors that triggered this catastrophic event. With the debris flow flowing into the main river, this event presented an extremely apparent disaster chain effect. It is also found that improper site selection and inadequate design of human activities played a crucial role in the movement process of the debris flow that directly aggravated the losses. Finally, to improve debris flow prediction and prevention, some early warning and mitigation measures are discussed.

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The Mechanism Analysis of the Accelerator for Support Vector Regression Based on Data Partition

Fuzzy Systems and Data Mining VI - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications ◽

10.3233/faia200730 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yunsheng Song ◽

Fangyi Li ◽

Jianyu Liu ◽

Juao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Support Vector Regression ◽

Large Scale ◽

Real Life ◽

Support Vector ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Data Partition ◽

Price Forecast ◽

Before And After ◽

Important Solution ◽

The Difference

Support vector regression is an important algorithm in machine learning, and it is widely used in real life for its good performance, such as house price forecast, disease prediction, weather forecast, and so on. However, it cannot efficiently process large-scale data, because it has a high time complexity in the training process. Data partition as an important solution to solve the large-scale learning problem mainly focuses on the classification task, it trains the classifiers over the divided subsets produced by data partition and obtain the final classifier by combining those classifiers. Meanwhile, the most existing method rarely study the influence of data partition on the regressor performance, so that it is difficult to keep its generation ability. To solve this problem, we obtain the estimation of the difference in objective function before and after the data partition. Mini-Batch K-Means clustering is adopted to largely reduce this difference, and an improved algorithm is proposed. This proposed algorithm includes training stage and prediction stage. In training stag, it uses Mini-Batch K-Means clustering to divide the input space into some disjoint sub-regions of equal sample size, then it trains the regressor on each divided sub-region using support vector regression algorithm. In the prediction stage, the regressor merely offers the predicted label for the unlabeled instances that are in the same sub-region. Experiment results on real datasets illustrate that the proposed algorithm obtains the similar generation ability as the original algorithm, but it has less execution time than other acceleration algorithms.

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Geometry of Modular Origami Metamaterials

Volume 5B: 41st Mechanisms and Robotics Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2017-67547 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Yunfang Yang ◽

Zhong You

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Large Scale ◽

Expansion Ratio ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Shape Transformation ◽

Design Flexibility ◽

Fundamental Research

Modular origami is a type of origami where multiple pieces of paper are folded into modules, and these modules are then interlocked with each other forming an assembly. Some of them turn out to be capable of large scale shape transformation, making them ideal to create metamaterials with tuned mechanical properties. In this paper, we carry out a fundamental research on 2D modular origami assemblies using mathematical tiling and patterns and mechanism analysis, which leads to the development of various patterns consisting of interconnected quadrilateral modules. Due to the existence of 4R linkages within the patterns, they become transformable, and can be compactly packaged. Moreover, by the introduction of paired modules, we are able to adjust the expansion ratio of the pattern. Additionally, we also show that transformable patterns with higher mobility exist for other polygonal modules. Our findings provide more design flexibility to achieve truly programmable metamaterials.

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Extratropical Transition and Re-Intensification of Typhoon Toraji (2001): Large-Scale Circulations, Structural Characteristics, and Mechanism Analysis

Journal of Ocean University of China ◽

10.1007/s11802-018-3376-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 461-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xiande Zhu ◽

Lixin Wu ◽

Qi Wang

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Extratropical Transition

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FAILURE MECHANISM ANALYSIS CONSIDERS THE HYDROLOGICAL AND SEISMIC CONDITIONS AT CHASHAN SITE IN CENTRAL TAIWAN

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-159-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XLII-3/W4 ◽

pp. 159-164

Author(s):

M. C. Chung ◽

C. H. Chen ◽

T. L. Tai ◽

M. M. Chen

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Large Scale ◽

Stable State ◽

High Water ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Scenario Simulation ◽

Earthquake Scenarios ◽

Hydrogeological Investigation ◽

The Stability ◽

Central Taiwan

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The investigation results of large-scale landslides in the central part of Taiwan from Central Geologic Survey identified a new, largescale landslide in the Chashan Village of Alishan Township, Chiayi County (ID: D160) which has the potential to influence the safety of Chashan Village residents. In coordination with the surface geological survey, Chashan site can be divided into three potential sliding areas (zones A, B and C). The paper uses GeoStudio for evaluating the stability of different hydrological and seismic scenarios. The results of scenario simulation show that: (1) In the normal and high water level scenarios, the safety factor obtained in zone A is greater than 1.0, and the initial judgment belongs to the stable state; (2) In the earthquake scenarios, the A4 potential sliding mass in zone A will be collapsed; (3) Through the scenario simulation, when the water level in zone A rises more than 25 meters or the PGA exceeds 160 gal, it is possible to cause the collapse of A4 potential sliding mass. The result of the study will contribute that the complex phenomenon between the stability of landslides and hydrogeological conditions can be revealed and clarified through the detailed study on the hydrogeological investigation, observation and the numerical simulation.</p>

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Pelletization Quality Simulation for Operation Uncertainty of Die-Plate Based on Liquid-Solid-Liquid Coupling Model

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.2266 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 557-559 ◽

pp. 2266-2273 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiao Feng Liu ◽

Fu Qiao Liu ◽

Bao Hai Yu ◽

Chao Bi ◽

Bing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Flow Distribution ◽

Coupling Model ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Operation Condition ◽

Fem Method ◽

Simulation And Evaluation ◽

Solid Liquid ◽

The Impact

As an important component of large-scale extruder system for polymer material, Die-plate can be regarded as the final determinant for pelletization quality. Flow fluctuation of extruder and die-hole blocking can be summarized as two uncertainties for pelletization quality problem. A Liquid-Solid-Liquid coupling FEM method is presented to simulate factors of temperature distribution, flow distribution and flow rate control. Based on the calculations and mechanism analysis, pelletization quality degree and assessment framework are designed and calculated to analyze the impact of operation uncertainties to final product. With the simulation and evaluation framework, control methods for pelletization quality are discussed for Die-plate design and operation condition settings.

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