scholarly journals Trust repair in human-agent teams: the effectiveness of explanations and expressing regret

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Kox ◽  
J. H. Kerstholt ◽  
T. F. Hueting ◽  
P. W. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Intelligent Agent ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Trust Repair ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Successful Team ◽  
Agent Teams ◽  
First Person Shooter

AbstractThe role of intelligent agents becomes more social as they are expected to act in direct interaction, involvement and/or interdependency with humans and other artificial entities, as in Human-Agent Teams (HAT). The highly interdependent and dynamic nature of teamwork demands correctly calibrated trust among team members. Trust violations are an inevitable aspect of the cycle of trust and since repairing damaged trust proves to be more difficult than building trust initially, effective trust repair strategies are needed to ensure durable and successful team performance. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of different trust repair strategies from an intelligent agent by measuring the development of human trust and advice taking in a Human-Agent Teaming task. Data for this study were obtained using a task environment resembling a first-person shooter game. Participants carried out a mission in collaboration with their artificial team member. A trust violation was provoked when the agent failed to detect an approaching enemy. After this, the agent offered one of four trust repair strategies, composed of the apology components explanation and expression of regret (either one alone, both or neither). Our results indicated that expressing regret was crucial for effective trust repair. After trust declined due to the violation by the agent, trust only significantly recovered when an expression of regret was included in the apology. This effect was stronger when an explanation was added. In this context, the intelligent agent was the most effective in its attempt of rebuilding trust when it provided an apology that was both affective, and informational. Finally, the implications of our findings for the design and study of Human-Agent trust repair are discussed.

scholarly journals Implicit theories of malleability in machines influence the perception and trust repair of intelligent agent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taenyun Kim ◽  
Hayeon Song
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Intelligent Agent ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Implicit Theory ◽  
Internal Attribution ◽  
Trust Development ◽  
Trust Repair ◽  
Stock Market Investment ◽  
Theory Condition

After an intelligent agent makes an error, trust repair can be attempted to regain lost trust. While several ways are possible, individuals' underlying perception of malleability in machines--implicit theory-- can also influence the agent's trust repair process. In this study, we investigated the influence of implicit theory of machines on intelligent agents' apology after the trust violation. A 2 (implicit theory: Incremental vs. Entity) X 2 (apology attribution: Internal vs. External) between-subject design experiment of simulated stock market investment was conducted (N = 150) via online. Participants were given a situation in which they had to make investment decisions based on the recommendation of an artificial intelligence agent. We created an investment game consist of 40 investment opportunities to see the process of trust development, trust violation, and trust repair. The results show that trust damaged less severely in Incremental rather than Entity implicit theory condition and External rather than internal attribution apology condition after the trust violation. However, trust recovered more highly in Entity-External condition. We discussed both theoretical and practical implications.

scholarly journals Human Theory of Mind Inference in Search and Rescue Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 648-652
Author(s):  
Huao Li ◽  
Keyang Zheng ◽  
Michael Lewis ◽  
Dana Hughes ◽  
Katia Sycara
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Agent Teams

The ability to make inferences about other’s mental state is referred to as having a Theory of Mind (ToM). Such ability is the foundation of many human social interactions such as empathy, teamwork, and communication. As intelligent agents being involved in diverse human-agent teams, they are also expected to be socially intelligent to become effective teammates. To provide a feasible baseline for future social intelligent agents, this paper presents a experimental study on the process of human ToM reference. Human observers’ inferences are compared with participants’ verbally reported mental state in a simulated search and rescue task. Results show that ToM inference is a challenging task even for experienced human observers.

scholarly journals Voice in Human--Agent Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Katie Seaborn ◽  
Norihisa P. Miyake ◽  
Peter Pennefather ◽  
Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agent Interaction ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Computer Based

Social robots, conversational agents, voice assistants, and other embodied AI are increasingly a feature of everyday life. What connects these various types of intelligent agents is their ability to interact with people through voice. Voice is becoming an essential modality of embodiment, communication, and interaction between computer-based agents and end-users. This survey presents a meta-synthesis on agent voice in the design and experience of agents from a human-centered perspective: voice-based human--agent interaction (vHAI). Findings emphasize the social role of voice in HAI as well as circumscribe a relationship between agent voice and body, corresponding to human models of social psychology and cognition. Additionally, changes in perceptions of and reactions to agent voice over time reveals a generational shift coinciding with the commercial proliferation of mobile voice assistants. The main contributions of this work are a vHAI classification framework for voice across various agent forms, contexts, and user groups, a critical analysis grounded in key theories, and an identification of future directions for the oncoming wave of vocal machines.

Developing an Interdisciplinary Language for Human-Agent Team Training Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (25) ◽  
pp. 2149-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Fiore ◽  
Michael Rosen ◽  
Keith Garfield ◽  
Neal Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Team Training ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Agent Teams

In this paper we explore a set of constructs across three diverse disciplines that have addressed the topic of intelligent agents. We explore how Computer Science, Psychology, and Philosophy discuss certain concepts in either convergent or divergent ways. These concepts are analyzed through their etymology as well as by their present usage to illustrate how this use has developed and to outline the similarities and differences that have emerged. We first describe a set of the concepts/terms found within this literature and then describe the implications of this analysis for research in human-agent teams.

Presence, Environment, and Sound and the Role of Imagination

2019 ◽  
pp. 667-681
Author(s):  
Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Actual World ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Dimension ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Person Shooter ◽  
Selection Of

Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard addresses the role of sound in the creation of presence in virtual and actual worlds. He argues that imagination is a central part of the generation and selection of perceptual hypotheses—models of the world in which we can act—that emerge from what Grimshaw-Aagaard calls the “exo-environment” (the sensory input) and the “endo-environment” (the cognitive input). Grimshaw-Aagaard further divides the exo-environment into a primarily auditory and a primarily visual dimension and he deals with the actual world of his own apartment and the virtual world of first-person-shooter computer games in order to exemplify how we perceptually construct an environment that allows for the creation of presence.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Communication and Success of Construction Projects: The Mediating Role of Conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4513
Author(s):  
Summaira Malik ◽  
Muhammad Taqi ◽  
José Moleiro Martins ◽  
Mário Nuno Mata ◽  
João Manuel Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Project Success ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

The success of a construction project is a widely discussed topic, even today, and there exists a difference of opinion. The impact of communication and conflict on project success is an important, but least addressed, issue in literature, especially in the case of underdeveloped countries. Miscommunication and conflict not only hinder the success of a project but also may lead to conflicts. The focus of this paper was to examine the impact of communication on project success with the mediating role of conflict. By using SPSS, demographics, descriptive statistics and correlation were determined. Smart PLS version 3.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal accuracy and validity estimates, hypothesis checking and mediation testing. The results showed that formal communication has a negative impact on the success of a construction project, resulting in conflicts among project team members, whereas informal communication and communication willingness have a positive impact on project success because people tend to know each other, and trust is developed. Task, process and relationship conflicts were used as mediating variables. It was found that task conflict effects the relations positively because project team members suggest different ways to do a certain task, and, hence, project success is achieved. On the contrary, process conflict and relationship conflict have a negative impact on communication and project success. Both of these conflicts lead to miscommunication, and project success is compromised. Hence, it is the responsibility of the project manager to enhance communication among project team members and to reduce the detrimental effects of process and relationship conflict on project success.

Are All Lockdown Teams Created Equally? Work Characteristics and Team Perceived Virtuality

2021 ◽  
pp. 104649642199789
Author(s):  
Patrícia L. Costa ◽  
Lisa Handke ◽  
Thomas A. O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Latent Profile

Team virtuality has been mostly conceptualized as structural features, such as the percentage of time team members communicate via technology. However, the perception of distance and of information deficits (team perceived virtuality, TPV) may be an indispensable construct to understand virtual teams’ functioning. The lockdowns imposed on most countries due to COVID-19 created virtual teams with high degrees of structural virtuality. With structural virtuality held constant among teams, we explore configurations of work characteristics (autonomy, interdependence, and organizational support) that influence TPV. With a sample of 296 multinational workers, a Latent Profile Analysis identified four distinct profiles of those work characteristics. Those profiles related differently to TPV. Contrary to previous findings, interdependence seems to play an important role in these teams high in structural virtuality when their autonomy is also high, highlighting the pivotal role of frequent interaction among team members, under conditions of high structural virtuality.

COLLABORATECOM SPECIAL ISSUE ANALYZING DISTRIBUTED WHITEBOARD INTERACTIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
LUTZ GERICKE ◽  
RAJA GUMIENNY ◽  
CHRISTOPH MEINEL
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Distributed Work ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Simplified Analysis ◽  
Digital Whiteboard

We present the digital whiteboard system Tele-Board, which automatically captures all interactions made on the all-digital whiteboard and thus offers possibilities for a fast interpretation of usage characteristics. Analyzing team work at whiteboards is a time-consuming and error-prone process if manual interpretation techniques are applied. In a case study, we demonstrate how to conduct and analyze whiteboard experiments with the help of our system. The study investigates the role of video compared to an audio-only connection for distributed work settings. With the simplified analysis of communication data, we can prove that the video teams were more active than the audio teams and the distribution of whiteboard interaction between team members was more balanced. This way, an automatic analysis can not only support manual observations and codings, but also give insights that cannot be achieved with other systems. Beyond the overall view on one sessions focusing on key figures, it is also possible to find out more about the internal structure of a session.

scholarly journals Positive Regulation of fur Gene Expression via Direct Interaction of Fur in a Pathogenic Bacterium, Vibrio vulnificus

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (7) ◽  
pp. 2629-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jung Lee ◽  
So Hyun Bang ◽  
Kyu-Ho Lee ◽  
Soon-Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Fur Protein

ABSTRACT In pathogenic bacteria, the ability to acquire iron, which is mainly regulated by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur), is essential to maintain growth as well as its virulence. In Vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen causing gastroenteritis and septicemia, fur gene expression is positively regulated by Fur when the iron concentration is limited (H.-J. Lee et al., J. Bacteriol. 185:5891-5896, 2003). Footprinting analysis revealed that an upstream region of the fur gene was protected by the Fur protein from DNase I under iron-depleted conditions. The protected region, from −142 to −106 relative to the transcription start site of the fur gene, contains distinct AT-rich repeats. Mutagenesis of this repeated sequence resulted in abolishment of binding by Fur. To confirm the role of this cis-acting element in Fur-mediated control of its own gene in vivo, fur expression was monitored in V. vulnificus strains using a transcriptional fusion containing the mutagenized Fur-binding site (fur mt::luxAB). Expression of fur mt::luxAB showed that it was not regulated by Fur and was not influenced by iron concentration. Therefore, this study demonstrates that V. vulnificus Fur acts as a positive regulator under iron-limited conditions by direct interaction with the fur upstream region.

Abstract T MP102: Hotline Use for Recruitment Support in Acute Stroke Trials: Lessons learned To Date in Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH)-II

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A France ◽  
Mushtaq Qureshi ◽  
Jessy Thomas ◽  
Emily Abbott ◽  
Logan Brau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Drug Management ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Clinical Support ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Protocol Compliance

Background: Use of hotline services for clinical support and safe operation of a research trial is common and important. The value of such services has not been objectively assessed within the context of a large acute stroke clinical trial. Methods: The use of three different hotline services have been tested, and cell and Email- options have also been explored for their advantages. US and Non-US sites are provided access to central hotline services, but for efficiency a local network for managing calls is established in each region. All sites may access both data management and the trial PI via hotline services when needed and this is supported by other technologies in addition. A means for supporting overall trial communications in light of these interactions has been developed and valuable insights are gained. Results: Data gathered from 211 calls logged at the Clinical Coordinating Center through the course of the ATACH-II trial have been summarized: Total Calls Reviewed: 211; Year 2 of trial: 92 calls, Year 3 of trial: 100 calls. Calls received midnight to 8 AM: 19 (9.0%), 8 AM - 5 PM 130 (61.6 %) 5 PM - 12:00 PM 65 (30.8%). Issues Resolved in < 5 min 143/211 (67.8%) Taking > 30 min to resolution 51/211 (24.2%). Purpose of calls: Eligibility 89 (42.2%). protocol compliance including drug management: 77 (36.5%%), randomization/emergency randomization: 16 (7.6%), protocol deviation:13 (6.2%), technological difficulties: 12 (5.7%), AE/SAE: 9 (4.3%), Subject enrollments directly associated with calls: 57 (20.8% of domestic subjects); excluded candidates directly associated with calls: 46 (% not available). Conclusions: In an international trial requiring rapid enrollment of subjects with intracerebral hemorrhage, the role of direct support via a hotline and other immediate communications means has proven to be instrumental in maintaining good protocol compliance and supporting enrollment by site team members .

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