Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus net mineralization in organic horizons of temperate forests: stoichiometry and relations to organic matter quality

Heterotrophic bacteria play a key role in ecosystem processes, but little is known about the factors that shape bacterial community structure in aquatic biofilms, especially in lakes. We used molecular techniques (16S rRNA) to evaluate resource controls on biofilm bacterial community structure in an oligotrophic subalpine lake. We manipulated nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus; NP) and glucose (G) on inorganic (rock) and organic (wood) substrates under light and dark conditions (i.e. with and without autotrophy, respectively) in a full factorial design using nutrient diffusing substrates in situ for 20 d. Distinct patterns of separation in community structure between treatments with nutrients (NP, NP+G) and without nutrients (control, G-only) indicated that community structure was more strongly influenced by nutrients than organic matter irrespective of substrate type or light availability. Further separation in community structure between treatments with nutrients only (NP) and nutrients with glucose (NP+G) on both organic and inorganic substrates indicated that once nutrient limitation was alleviated, organic matter quality played an important role in shaping community structure. Differences in the relative abundance of 6 phyla, 3 classes, and 19 genera among treatments revealed (1) contrasting taxa-specific resource requirements, (2) the influence of interspecific interactions on composition, and (3) the potential for individual taxa to participate in the decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter. Our findings provide insight into the role that nutrients and organic matter quality play in shaping bacterial community structure, which is a critical step in bridging the knowledge gap between microbial composition and ecosystem function within aquatic environments.

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Long-term effects of liming on microbial biomass and activity and soil organic matter quality (13C CPMAS NMR) in organic horizons of Norway spruce forests in Southern Germany

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science ◽

10.1002/1522-2624(200110)164:5<555::aid-jpln555>3.0.co;2-y ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 164 (5) ◽

pp. 555 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Klaus Lorenz ◽

Caroline M. Preston ◽

Karl-Heinz Feger

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Organic Matter Quality ◽

13C Cpmas Nmr ◽

Organic Horizons ◽

Soil Organic Matter Quality

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Changes in soil quality following humping/hollowing and flipping of pakihi soils on the West Coast, South Island New Zealand

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2007.69.2666 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.M. Thomas ◽

M.H.Beare C.D. Ford ◽

V. Rietveld

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Quality ◽

West Coast ◽

Land Development ◽

Hot Water ◽

Limited Information ◽

The West ◽

Organic Matter Quality ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Soil C

Humping/hollowing and flipping are land development practices widely used on the West Coast to overcome waterlogging constraints to pasture production. However, there is very limited information about how the resulting "new" soils function and how their properties change over time following these extreme modifications. We hypothesised that soil quality will improve in response to organic matter inputs from plants and excreta, which will in turn increase nutrient availability. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the soil organic matter and nutrient content of soils at different stages of development after modification. We observed improvements in soil quality with increasing time following soil modification under both land development practices. Total soil C and N values were very low following flipping, but over 8 years these values had increased nearly five-fold. Other indicators of organic matter quality such as hot water extractable C (HWC) and anaerobically mineralisable N (AMN) showed similar increases. With large capital applications of superphosphate fertiliser to flipped soils in the first year and regular applications of maintenance fertiliser, Olsen P levels also increased from values

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Fish farming in Denmark: environmental impact of regulative legislation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0365 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 73-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. M. Iversen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Freshwater Fish ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Action Plan ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Local Impact ◽

The Impact

The main environmental problems associated with fish farming in Denmark are attributable to the dam, the “dead reach” and nutrient and organic matter discharge. The environmental regulation of fish farming in Denmark started with the Environmental Protection Act of 1974, the Statutory Order of 1985 forbidding wet feed, and the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987. In the case of freshwater fish farms, the latter was implemented through the measures stipulated in the 1989 Statutory Order on Fish Farms. The impact of Danish legislative measures to reduce and regulate the environmental effects of freshwater fish farms can be summarized as follows: - the number of fish farms has been reduced from about 800 in 1974 to about 500 at present; - production has tripled since 1974 and has been stable since 1989; - a change from wet to dry feed has reduced the environmental impact of the farms; - the national goals of the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987 for reducing fish farm discharges of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus have been fulfilled. The main remaining problems are that: - the local impact of fish farms on downstream stream quality is still much too high in about 15% of cases; - the problem of the passage of migrating invertebrates and fish is still unsolved at some farms; - the problems posed by “dead reaches” are still unsolved. It is concluded that sustainable fish farming is possible in Denmark, but with the present technology production will have to be significantly reduced.

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Impacts of long-term plant residue management on soil organic matter quality, Pseudomonas community structure and disease suppressiveness

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.05.020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 135 ◽

pp. 396-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bryony E.A. Dignam ◽

Maureen O'Callaghan ◽

Leo M. Condron ◽

Jos M. Raaijmakers ◽

George A. Kowalchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Community Structure ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Residue Management ◽

Plant Residue ◽

Organic Matter Quality ◽

Soil Organic Matter Quality

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Particle export fluxes to the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical North Atlantic

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-14-1825-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1825-1838 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Anja Engel ◽

Hannes Wagner ◽

Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne ◽

Samuel T. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Euphotic Zone ◽

Carbon Export ◽

Organic Matter Quality ◽

B Values ◽

Chl A ◽

Tropical North Atlantic ◽

Particle Export

Abstract. In the ocean, sinking of particulate organic matter (POM) drives carbon export from the euphotic zone and supplies nutrition to mesopelagic communities, the feeding and degradation activities of which in turn lead to export flux attenuation. Oxygen (O2) minimum zones (OMZs) with suboxic water layers (< 5 µmol O2 kg−1) show a lower carbon flux attenuation compared to well-oxygenated waters (> 100 µmol O2 kg−1), supposedly due to reduced heterotrophic activity. This study focuses on sinking particle fluxes through hypoxic mesopelagic waters (< 60 µmol O2 kg−1); these represent ∼  100 times more ocean volume globally compared to suboxic waters, but they have less been studied. Particle export fluxes and attenuation coefficients were determined in the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) using two surface-tethered drifting sediment trap arrays with seven trapping depths located between 100 and 600 m. Data on particulate matter fluxes were fitted to the normalized power function Fz =  F100 (z∕100)−b, with F100 being the flux at a depth (z) of 100 m and b being the attenuation coefficient. Higher b values suggest stronger flux attenuation and are influenced by factors such as faster degradation at higher temperatures. In this study, b values of organic carbon fluxes varied between 0.74 and 0.80 and were in the intermediate range of previous reports, but lower than expected from seawater temperatures within the upper 500 m. During this study, highest b values were determined for fluxes of particulate hydrolyzable amino acids (PHAA), followed by particulate organic phosphorus (POP), nitrogen (PN), carbon (POC), chlorophyll a (Chl a) and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), pointing to a sequential degradation of organic matter components during sinking. Our study suggests that in addition to O2 concentration, organic matter composition co-determines transfer efficiency through the mesopelagic. The magnitude of future carbon export fluxes may therefore also depend on how organic matter quality in the surface ocean changes under influence of warming, acidification and enhanced stratification.

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Relationships between soil organic matter, availability of nitrogen and phosphorus and the total root biomass of coffee (Coffea canephora)

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/bf00256991 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.O. Ojeniyi

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus

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Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Stock of Temperate Coniferous Forests in Northern Kashmir

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v4i1.12186 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 161-178

Author(s):

Davood A. Dar ◽

Bhawana Pathak ◽

M. H. Fulekar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Temperate Forest ◽

Temperate Forests ◽

Forest Site ◽

Soil Organic Carbon Stock ◽

Organic Carbon Stock

Soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation in temperate forests of the Himalaya is important to estimate their contribution to regional, national and global carbon stocks. Physico chemical properties of soil were quantified to assess soil organic carbon density (SOC) and SOC CO2 mitigation density at two soil depths (0-10 and 10-20 cms) under temperate forest in the Northern region of Kashmir Himalayas India. The results indicate that conductance, moisture content, organic carbon and organic matter were significantly higher while as pH and bulk density were lower at Gulmarg forest site. SOC % was ranging from 2.31± 0.96 at Gulmarg meadow site to 2.31 ± 0.26 in Gulmarg forest site. SOC stocks in these temperate forests were from 36.39 ±15.40 to 50.09 ± 15.51 Mg C ha-1. The present study reveals that natural vegetation is the main contributor of soil quality as it maintained the soil organic carbon stock. In addition, organic matter is an important indicator of soil quality and environmental parameters such as soil moisture and soil biological activity change soil carbon sequestration potential in temperate forest ecosystems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12186International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15; page: 161-178

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Application of membrane bioreactor system with full scale plant on livestock wastewater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0669 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (6-7) ◽

pp. 465-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. Kim ◽

H.-S. Kim ◽

I.-T. Yeom ◽

Y.-B. Chae

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Full Scale ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Livestock Wastewater ◽

Bioreactor System ◽

High Level

A full-scale plant of an MBR system treating livestock wastewater has shown impressive results. The Cheorwon County Environmental Authorities adopted the MBR process with UF membrane for retrofitting the old plant, which removes organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus at a high level. According to 6 months operation data, BOD and SS removal were about 99.9% and CODMn, TN and TP removal were 92.0%, 98.3% and 82.7%, respectively. It is considered that the temperature at the bioreactor has to be controlled to be below 40 °C so as to ensure sufficient nitrification. It appeared that the MBR system is competitive with other conventional technologies for treatment of livestock wastewater such as piggery waste.

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