Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Role of Perceived Barriers and Risk

Purpose: The aims of this analysis were to explore how self-reported barriers to quitting vary by socioeconomic status (SES) among young-adult smokers and to assess their relationship to quitting. Design: This analysis uses 2 waves of telephone-survey data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort study. Setting: Midwestern United States. Participants: Participants (n = 419) were smokers aged 17 to 24 years. Measures: Socioeconomic status was estimated using the highest level of education completed by the participants’ parents. Demographics, smoking behavior, and perceived barriers to quitting were collected via survey questions. Analysis: Differences in barriers by SES were assessed using prevalence ratios (PRs). Relative risks were calculated to assess the association between barriers and quitting status 1 year later, testing for effect modification by SES. Results: Compared to the high SES group (n = 314), the low SES group (n = 105) was more likely to report several barriers to quitting; however, only the risk of gaining weight was significantly more common (PR: 1.38 [1.05-1.83]). There were no significant associations between barriers and quitting status 1 year later, but the number of cigarettes per day was consistently related to the likelihood of quitting 1 year later, regardless of SES. Conclusion: Despite the limited generalizability to racially diverse populations and different geographic locations, the results suggest perceived barriers may not differ by SES or predict quitting among young adults; however, nicotine dependence may play an important role.

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Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Improves Over the First 12 Weeks Poststroke

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/1545968319868716 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 836-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kimberly J. Waddell ◽

Michael J Strube ◽

Rachel G. Tabak ◽

Debra Haire-Joshu ◽

Catherine E. Lang

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Daily Life ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Recovery Trajectory ◽

Moderating Role ◽

Over Time

Background. Upper limb (UL) performance, or use, in daily life is complex and likely influenced by many factors. While the recovery trajectory of UL impairment poststroke is well documented, little is known about the recovery trajectory of sensor-measured UL performance in daily life early after stroke and the potential moderating role of psychosocial factors. Objective. To examine the recovery trajectory of UL performance within the first 12 weeks poststroke and characterize the potential moderating role of belief, confidence, and motivation on UL performance. Methods. This was a longitudinal, prospective cohort study quantifying UL performance and related psychosocial factors early after stroke. UL performance was quantified via bilateral, wrist-worn accelerometers over 5 assessment sessions for 24 hours. Belief, confidence, and motivation to use the paretic UL, and self-perceived barriers to UL recovery were quantified via survey. Change in 4 accelerometer variables and the moderating role of psychosocial factors was tested using hierarchical linear modeling. The relationship between self-perceived barriers and UL performance was tested via Spearman rank-order correlation analysis. Results. UL performance improved over the first 12 weeks after stroke. Belief, confidence, and motivation did not moderate UL performance over time. There was a negative relationship between UL performance and self-perceived barriers to UL recovery at week 2, which declined over time. Conclusions. Sensor-measured UL performance can improve early after stroke. Early after stroke, rehabilitation interventions may not need to directly target belief, confidence, and motivation but may instead focus on reducing self-perceived barriers to UL recovery.

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PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1142/s1084946720500168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (03) ◽

pp. 2050016

Author(s):

EMRE ŞAHIN DÖLARSLAN ◽

AKIN KOÇAK ◽

PHILIP WALSH

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Entrepreneurial Intention ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Deterrent Effect ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Intention Formation ◽

The Relationship

Drawing from Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), the purpose of the study is to enhance understanding of the intention formation mechanism within the context of perceived barriers and self-efficacy (SE). The current study assesses whether SE mediates the relationship between perceived barriers and entrepreneurial intention (EI). The study specifically analyzed the relationship among perceived barriers, SE and EI. In addition, the direct and indirect effects of perceived barriers on intention are examined. Based on a survey of 471 undergraduate students who have taken management courses, our findings suggest the SE level of potential entrepreneurs is not sufficient to determine the intention formation even if the decisive effect of SE on EI is found. Therefore, in contrast to earlier studies, the results obtained from this study reveal the necessity to take into account the deterrent effect of the perceived barriers to evaluating the effect of SE in the formation of EI.

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From Paradoxical Thinking to Practicing Sustainable Business: The Role of a Business Collective Organization in Supporting Entrepreneurs

Organization & Environment ◽

10.1177/1086026619885108 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 108602661988510 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara B. Soderstrom ◽

Kathryn L. Heinze

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Multiple Goals ◽

Shared Resources ◽

Sustainable Business ◽

Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Paradoxical Thinking ◽

Multi Level ◽

Social Environmental

Individual entrepreneurs committed to sustainability experience paradoxes: interdependencies and conflict between social, environmental, and economic goals. Whereas prior research focuses on direct responses to paradoxes, we examine multi-level dynamics between organizations and individuals in responding to sustainability paradoxes. Using a 20-month qualitative field study of sustainable food entrepreneurs in Detroit, we investigated how a business collective organization, FoodLab, enabled entrepreneurs to move from paradoxical thinking to practicing sustainable business. Our findings suggest that while individuals may struggle to address multiple goals of sustainability alone, business collective organizations provide a coordinating mechanism that amplifies their efforts. Through guardrails that facilitate the co-creation of shared resources for members, organizations can minimize cognitive and practical barriers of sustainable entrepreneurship.

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Barriers to the Recognition and Reporting of Occupational Asthma by Canadian Pulmonologists

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2011/754726 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anu Parhar ◽

Catherine Lemiere ◽

Jeremy R Beach

Keyword(s):

Occupational Asthma ◽

Postal Questionnaire ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Work Related ◽

Inhalation Challenge ◽

Patient Concerns ◽

Analogue Scales ◽

Possible Cause ◽

New Onset

BACKGROUND: Occupational asthma is a common, but probably under-recognized problem.OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors that suggest work-related asthma when a pulmonologist encounters an adult patient with new-onset asthma, and to identify the barriers to recognizing and reporting such cases.METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to all pulmonologists in Canada. The questionnaire asked participants to respond to several questions about recognizing, diagnosing and reporting occupational asthma. Answers were scored using visual analogue scales.RESULTS: A total of 201 eligible responses were received from 458 pulmonologists. Pulmonologists identified that the most important factor in initially considering the role of work in occupational asthma was having seen others affected at the same workplace, or exposed to the same agent. Important perceived barriers to considering a diagnosis of occupational asthma were physicians’ low awareness, lack of knowledge and time. The most important barriers to reporting cases were the pulmonologists’ perceived patient concerns regarding job security and income. Quebec pulmonologists generally perceived barriers to recognizing and reporting occupational asthma to be less important, and believed that the use of specific inhalation challenge was more important in considering a diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonologists most readily recognized occupational asthma caused by a substance or process that they previously encountered as a possible cause of asthma. Time constraints and knowledge may hamper their ability to recognize occupational asthma. Concerns regarding the effect of the diagnosis on the patient’s job and income may discourage reporting.

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The role of perceived barriers in explaining socio-economic status differences in adherence to the fruit, vegetable and fish guidelines in older adults: a mediation study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014001487 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 797-808 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S Coosje Dijkstra ◽

Judith E Neter ◽

Maartje M van Stralen ◽

Dirk L Knol ◽

Ingeborg A Brouwer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Economic Status ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

High Price ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Socio Economic Status

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify barriers for meeting the fruit, vegetable and fish guidelines in older Dutch adults and to investigate socio-economic status (SES) differences in these barriers. Furthermore, we examined the mediating role of these barriers in the association between SES and adherence to these guidelines.DesignCross-sectional.SettingLongitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), the Netherlands.SubjectsWe used data from 1057 community-dwelling adults, aged 55–85 years. SES was measured by level of education and household income. An FFQ was used to assess dietary intake and barriers were measured with a self-reported lifestyle questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 48·9 % of the respondents perceived a barrier to adhere to the fruit guideline, 40·0 % for the vegetable and 51·1 % for the fish guideline. The most frequently perceived barriers to meet the guidelines were the high price of fruit and fish and a poor appetite for vegetables. Lower-SES groups met the guidelines less often and perceived more barriers. The association between income and adherence to the fruit guideline was mediated by ‘perceiving any barrier to meet the fruit guideline’ and the barrier ‘dislike fruit’. The association between income and adherence to the fish guideline was mediated by ‘perceiving any barrier to meet the fish guideline’ and the barrier ‘fish is expensive’.ConclusionsPerceived barriers for meeting the dietary guidelines are common in older adults, especially in lower-SES groups. These barriers and in particular disliking and cost concerns explained the lower adherence to the guidelines for fruit and fish in lower-income groups in older adults.

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