scholarly journals Reliability and efficiency of corneal thickness measurements using sterile donor tomography in the eye bank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Hamon ◽  
Adrien Quintin ◽  
Stephanie Mäurer ◽  
Isabel Weinstein ◽  
Achim Langenbucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Donor Corneas

Abstract To evaluate the reliability and efficiency of sterile pachymetric measurements of donor corneas based on tomographic data using two different methods: a “manual” and a “(semi-)automated” method. Twenty-five (25) donor corneas (50%) stored in MI and 25 (50%) in MII were imaged 5 times consecutively using an anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT). The central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured both with the manual measurement tool of the AS-OCT (= CCTm) and with a MATLAB self-programmed software allowing (semi-)automated analysis (= CCTa). We analyzed the reliability of CCTm and CCTa using Cronbach´s alpha (α) and Wilcoxon signed-Rank Test. Concerning CCTm, 68 measurements (54.4%) in MI and 46 (36.8%) in MII presented distortions in the imaged 3D-volumes and were discarded. Concerning CCTa, 5 (4%) in MI and 1 (0.8%) in MII were not analyzable. The mean (± SD) CCTm was 1129 ± 6.8 in MI and 820 ± 5.1 µm in MII. The mean CCTa was 1149 ± 2.7 and 811 ± 2.4 µm, respectively. Both methods showed a high reliability with a Cronbach´s α for CCTm of 1.0 (MI/MII) and for CCTa of 0.99 (MI) and 1.0 (MII). Nevertheless, the mean SD of the 5 measurements was significantly higher for CCTm compared to CCTa in MI (p = 0.03), but not in MII (p = 0.92). Sterile donor tomography proves to be highly reliable for assessment of CCT with both methods. However, due to frequent distortions regarding the manual method, the (semi-)automated method is more efficient and should be preferred.

scholarly journals Correlation between Central Corneal Thickness and Degree of Myopia among Malaysian Patients Undergoing Laser Keratorefractive Surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Sagili Chandrasekhara Reddy ◽  
Mohd Mansor Shariff ◽  
Aina Malindri Dasrilsyah
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Corneal Refractive Surgery ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To determine the central corneal thickness in myopic adult patients scheduled for laser corneal refractive surgery and to explore its correlation with degree of refractive error. Materials and Methods: The case records of 130 myopic patients who underwent laser corneal refractive surgery in a military hospital over a period of two years were reviewed to determine the central corneal thickness. All patients had 6/6 vision with best correction, and did not have any other anterior segment or fundus diseases in both eyes. The central corneal thickness was measured with Visante Carl Zeiss anterior segment optical coherence tomography instrument.                                                                                                                        Results: Out of 130 patients, males were more (73, 56.2%); mean age of patients was 33.8 years (range 18-60 years) and majority were Malays (110, 84.6%).  The spherical power of myopia ranged from – 0.5 to – 10.00 D, and the cylindrical power ranged from – 0.25 to – 3.25 D. The mean central corneal thickness of both eyes was 528.2 µm (range 331- 615 µm); in the mild degree of myopia (- 0.50 to - 2.00 D) 527.9 µm, moderate degree (- 2.25 to -5.00 D) 529.4 µm, and high degree (-5.25 to -11.00 D) 523.9 µm. Conclusion: The anterior segment optical coherence tomography provides noncontact, rapid, pachymetry mapping of the corneal thickness. In Malaysian patients, the mean central corneal thickness of both eyes in myopia was 528.1 µm (range 331- 615 µm). There was no correlation between the mean central corneal thickness and degree of myopia, different genders, age groups, ethnic groups and two eyes.

scholarly journals Cryobiopsy: Should This Be Used in Place of Endobronchial Forceps Biopsies?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo R. Rubio ◽  
Susanti R. le ◽  
Ralph E. Whatley ◽  
Michael B. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Forceps Biopsy ◽  
High Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Flat Lesions ◽  
The Mean

Forceps biopsies of airway lesions have variable yields. The yield increases when combining techniques in order to collect more material. With the use of cryotherapy probes (cryobiopsy) larger specimens can be obtained, resulting in an increase in the diagnostic yield. However, the utility and safety of cryobiopsy with all types of lesions, including flat mucosal lesions, is not established.Aims. Demonstrate the utility/safety of cryobiopsy versus forceps biopsy to sample exophytic and flat airway lesions.Settings and Design. Teaching hospital-based retrospective analysis.Methods. Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing cryobiopsies (singly or combined with forceps biopsies) from August 2008 through August 2010.Statistical Analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results. The comparative analysis of 22 patients with cryobiopsy and forceps biopsy of the same lesion showed the mean volumes of material obtained with cryobiopsy were significantly larger (0.696 cm3versus 0.0373 cm3,P=0.0014). Of 31 cryobiopsies performed, one had minor bleeding. Cryopbiopsy allowed sampling of exophytic and flat lesions that were located centrally or distally. Cryobiopsies were shown to be safe, free of artifact, and provided a diagnostic yield of 96.77%.Conclusions. Cryobiopsy allows safe sampling of exophytic and flat airway lesions, with larger specimens, excellent tissue preservation and high diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Steroid Therapy for Fukuyama Congenital Muscular Dystrophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terumi Murakami ◽  
Takatoshi Sato ◽  
Michiru Adachi ◽  
Kumiko Ishiguro ◽  
Minobu Shichiji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Although a fundamental treatment for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is not developed yet, several reports have suggested that steroid therapy could be effective for FCMD; however, no independent intervention studies have been conducted.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of steroid therapy for restoring motor functions in FCMD patients.Subjects: This study involved 3-to-10-year-old FCMD patients who exhibited a decline in motor functions, requested steroid therapy.Methods: The dose regimen started with oral administration of prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg every other day and was increased to 1.0 mg/kg if the response was insufficient. The motor functions of the patients were evaluated and compared using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (significance level, P ≤ 0.05)Results: The mean age of FCMD patients at the onset of steroid therapy was 8.10 years (SD, 2.14 years). The mean GMFM difference between before and after the steroid therapy was +1.23 (SD, 1.10), with a P value of 0.015 representing a significant improvement in the GMFM.Conclusions: Our results indicate that steroid therapy may contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the motor functions of advanced-stage FCMD patients.Clinical Trial Registration: Registration Number: UMIN000020715, Registration Date: 01/02/2016.

THE EARLY THROMBOGENICITY OF IMPREGNATED DACRON GRAFTS ASSESSED IN AN ARTIFICIAL CIRCULATION

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Bibby ◽  
M J Crow ◽  
S R Puri ◽  
S J Sheehan ◽  
S M Rajah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Artificial Circulation ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Platelet Deposition ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Radioactivity

The impregnation of knitted Dacron grafts with biodegradable protein removes the need for preclotting at implantation. The effect of such impregnation on the thrombogenic potential of these prostheses is, however, unknown. We have compared the early thrombogenicity of two impregnated knitted Dacron grafts - Hemashield ( collagen-impregnated Dacron, Meadox) and Gelseal (gelatin-impregnated Dacron, Vascutek) -with conventionally preclotted knitted Dacron in an artificial circulation. Fresh, heparinised human blood, containing 111Indium-labelled platelets, was circulated around identical twin circuits of silicone tubing by a Sarns roller pump at 180 ml/min and 120 mmHg. Into each circuit a different 15 cm × 8 mm type of graft material was mounted. Changes in platelet count, platelet aggregation to collagen, plasma haemoglobin and blood radioactivity were recorded and after 60 minutes of perfusion each graft was sectioned and counted for radioactivity prior to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the luminal surface. The mean graft radioactivity divided by the mean blood radioactivity yields a Graft Activity Index (GAI) allowing comparison of platelet deposition and thus thrombogenicity.RESULTS: (mean ± s.e.m.) 8 examples of each graftSEM confirmed these findings with preclotted Dacron having the highest platelet deposition. Both impregnated grafts produced significant early haemolysis within 4 minutes of blood contact. Our findings indicate that the early thrombogenicity of these impregnated grafts is significantly less than conventionally preclotted Dacron, (p< 0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test), despite the early haemolytic phenomenon and that Hemashield grafts are less thrombogenic than Gelseal grafts. (p<0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test)

Physical health trajectories of young people commenced on clozapine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O’Donoghue ◽  
A. Mujanovic ◽  
S. Young ◽  
T. Bridson ◽  
L. Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Side Effects ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives: Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic medication, but it has the highest propensity for metabolic side effects. A clozapine clinic was established within an early intervention for psychosis service to facilitate the timely commencement of clozapine and to manage the associated adverse effects. This study describes the changes in the weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure after 6 months in young people commenced on clozapine. Method: This was a prospective cohort study of all young people, aged 15–24 years, commenced on clozapine within an early intervention service in Melbourne, Australia, between 01.04.2016 and 30.06.2018. Continuous data were analyzed with paired t-test and categorical with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Twenty-six young people received 6 months of treatment with clozapine, of whom the mean age was 19.8 years (s.d. ±3.1) and 66.7% were male. After 6 months, the mean weight gain was 5.1 kg (s.d. ±10.1 kg) and over half (53.8%) gained clinically significant weight. The proportion of young people classified as either overweight or obese rose from 69.2% to 88.5% (p = 0.006). The proportion of young people with a waist circumference above the recommended parameters increased from 57.9% to 78.9% (p = 0.008). Hypertension was present in 30%, and after 6 months, 45% had hypertension (p = 0.64). Metformin was prescribed to 34.6%, typically to those with the greatest and most rapid weight gain. Conclusion: Among young people with treatment resistant psychosis, clozapine is associated with significant metabolic side effects in the early stages of commencement. More interventions aimed at attenuating this weight gain are needed.

scholarly journals Outcomes of MyoRing Implantation in Eyes with Keratoconus in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: “A Single-Arm Cohort Study”

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yousef Saad Alshammari ◽  
Abdulaziz Ismail Al Somali
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of MyoRing implantation in eyes with keratoconus managed at a tertiary eye hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods. This one-armed historical cohort study included keratoconus patients operated for MyoRing implant. The cases were assessed before and 6 months after surgery. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), central corneal thickness (CCT), and corneal curvature (Kmean) were noted and measured before and 6 months after the intervention. Intra- and postoperative complications were noted. Result. We studied 12 eyes of 12 patients with moderate keratoconus. The median of Kmean was 50.6 mm (IQR 47.54; 52.5) and 44.5 mm (IQR 42.5; 46.8) before and 6 months after surgery. The change in Kmean was significant (P=0.002). The median spherical equivalent (SE) was −5.1D (interquartile range (IQR) 7.1; −3.6) and −0.6 (IQR −2.1; 0.8) before and 6 months after surgery. The difference in SE was significant (Wilcoxon signed-rank test P=0.004). The CCT was 447 ± 34 μm and 444 ± 30 μm before and 6 months after surgery, respectively. The CCT change was not significant (P=0.26). The UCVA and BCVA improved by 2 or more lines in 9 (75%) eyes, remained stable in 2 (16.7%) eyes, and decreased in 2 (16.7%) eyes. Conclusion. MyoRing implant seems to be a safe and effective procedure to manage low and moderate keratoconus. The outcomes could be further enhanced by additional procedures such as collagen cross-linkage and photorefractive keratectomy if warranted.

scholarly journals Influence of Thymoquinone Exposure on the Micro-Hardness of Dental Enamel: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Farooq ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Intisar Ahmad Siddiqui ◽  
Khalifa S. Al-Khalifa ◽  
Mohammed Al-Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess changes in micro-hardness level of enamel after it was exposed to thymoquinone (TQ). Materials and Methods Sixteen enamel blocks were prepared and divided into two groups (each group received eight blocks, n = 8); Gp 1 (control): enamel blocks kept in 100 mL artificial saliva (AS) for 24 hours and Gp 2: enamel blocks kept in a mixture of TQ powder (1 g) and AS (100 mL) for 24 hours. Post-immersion they were subjected to simulated brushing with each sample receiving 8,000 linear strokes. For brushing, 3 mL of AS and TQ oil was used for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Enamel surfaces were analyzed for changes in values of surface micro-hardness (pre-immersion, post-immersion, and post-brushing) by obtaining Vickers hardness number (VHN). Results The present study indicated improvement in micro-hardness levels for both groups although experimental group showed more enhancement. The mean baseline VHN for control group was 498.6, 500.4 for post-immersion, and 503.5 for post-brushing. The mean baseline VHN for experimental group was 448.7, 531 for post-immersion, and 610.3 for post-brushing. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed when post-brushing VHN values of both groups were compared and also within the experimental group when post-brushing values were compared with baseline values. Statistical Analysis Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for the evaluation of pre- and post-exposure hardness values. Level of significance was ≤0.05. Conclusion The exposure of enamel to TQ led to an improvement in its micro-hardness levels. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of TQ on human tissues.

scholarly journals The Effect of Teaching English Using Realia Media on Students’ Speaking Ability

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Uchy Mokho Adrianty
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance

This goal of this study was to see if there was any significant effect on students’ speaking achievement after they were taught using Realia media at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru. This quantitative research method used a pre-experimental design. The technique of collecting the data used total sampling. It took one class; the eighth grade as an experimental class that consisted of 12 students. The researcher administered one time of pre-test, six times of treatments, and one time of post-test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to analyzed the data and the hypothesis testing was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.00 at the significant level of p<0.05. The mean score increased from 43.42 up to 60.92. The result of hypothesis testing showed that the significant (2-tailed) is p value=0.003 and the level of significance is if p value<0.05. It means there was a significant effect on students’ speaking achievement after they were taught by using Realia.

scholarly journals Role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of microbial keratitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-553
Author(s):  
Isha Chaturvedi ◽  
Kamaljeet Singh ◽  
Jagriti Rana ◽  
Kshama Dwivedi ◽  
Reena Sachan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Microbial Keratitis ◽  
The Mean

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a newer technology that provides two-dimensional images of corneal infiltration. This study was undertaken to assess whether AS-OCT can aid objective evaluation and response to treatment in resolving microbial keratitis. This prospective study was performed on 17 patients of who underwent slit lamp and AS-OCT examination at presentation and follow up on days 3, 7, 14, 28 and 6 weeks. A standardized scanning protocol was used to measure the corneal thickness (CT) and infiltrate thickness (IT) using the caliper tool of a commercially available AS-OCT device. The mean CT in the infiltrated area and mean IT, both were thickest at presentation (710.88 um and 288.76 um respectively). The mean CT decreased to 665.12 µm, 650.24 µm, 584.35 µm, 549 µm, 507.47 µm on days 3, 7, 14, 28 and 6 weeks respectively. Similarly, the mean IT decreased to 287.24 µm, 244.41 µm, 197 µm, 174.59 µm and 154.82 µm. Paired t- test was used to calculate the statistical change in CT and IT, which was significant (p&#60;0.0001) at 6 weeks, at the rate of 0.67% and 1.01% per day. AS-OCT can show morphological characteristics of microbial keratitis and give quantitative assessment at every follow up.

Inter-Observer Reproducibility of Axial Ocular Measurements with Non-contact HAAG-STRAIT Biometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suhail Sarwar ◽  
Sehrish Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽  
Shaista Kanwal
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
The Mean

Purpose:  To check inter observer reproducibility of axial ocular measurements i.e. central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), aqueous depth (AD), lens thickness (LT), anterior segment lens (ASL), vitreous length (VL) and axial length (AL) with non-contact HAAG-STRAIT biometer. Study Design:  Comparative Reproducibility Analysis. Place and Duration of Study:  College of ophthalmology and allied vision sciences (COAVS), Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Methods:  This study included 66 healthy students (132 eyes). Data was collected through self-designed proforma by 2 operators independently. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Interclass correlation was applied for agreement between the two readings. Interclass coefficient (ICC) value greater than 0.7 was considered as excellent correlation. Results:  The mean CCT, AD, ACD, LT, ASL, VL, and AL were 526.47 ± 35.72 µm and 526.47 ± 36.06 µm (ICC = 0.92); 2.93 ± 0.29 mm and 2.93 ± 0.29 mm (ICC = 0.81); 3.45 ± 0.30 mm and 3.46 ± 0.30 mm (ICC = 0.79); 3.58 ± 0.28 mm and 3.56 ± 0.22 mm (ICC = 0.76); 7.03 ± 0.30 mm and 7.02 ± 0.27 mm (ICC = 0.80); 16.56 ± 0.85 mm and 16.62 ± 0.81 mm (ICC = 0.72); and 23.59 ± 0.85 mm and 23.64 ± 0.87 mm (ICC: 0.76) of observer 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion:  Non-contact Biometer (HAAG-STRAIT) has high inter-observer reproducibility with strong interclass coefficient of greater than 0.72. Key Words:  Biometry, Axial Length, Central Corneal Thickness, Anterior Chamber Depth.

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