Border crossings from Mexico to the U.S. and the role of border homicides

Increased concern regarding water quality impacts from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in the U.S. and elsewhere has emphasized the role of computermodeling in analyzing CSO impacts and in planning abatement measures. These measures often involve the construction of very large and costly facilities, and computer simulation during plan development is essential to cost-effective facility sizing. An effective approach to CSO system modeling focuses on detailed hydraulic simulation of the interceptor sewers in conjunction with continuous simulation of the combined sewer system to characterize CSOs and explore storage-treatment tradeoffs in planning abatement facilities. Recent advances in microcomputer hardware and software have made possible a number of new techniques which facilitate the use of computer models in CSO abatement planning.

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Do You Get What You Measure? Research Opportunities Based on the Veterans Health Administration Experience

Accounting Horizons ◽

10.2308/acch-50731 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 385-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicole Thibodeau ◽

John Harry Evans ◽

Nandu J. Nagarajan

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Veterans Health Administration ◽

Veterans Health ◽

Health Administration ◽

Performance Incentives ◽

Healthcare Network ◽

Similar Patient ◽

Private And Public ◽

The U.S

SYNOPSIS Starting in 1995, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) transformed a bureaucratic healthcare system into a performance-driven, patient-focused integrated healthcare network. The VHA's experience may offer lessons for private and public sector providers as the U.S. explores alternative healthcare delivery systems and payment methods. Similar patient-focused integrated systems are one of the hallmarks of the latest U.S. attempt to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery. The use of performance incentives to promote cooperation and innovation is also central to both the VHA and the U.S. reform. This study reviews the VHA's experience with an eye to identifying issues and potential research avenues for accounting researchers interested in the role of accounting information for control, coordination, and organizational change.

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Board of Director Characteristics, Institutional Ownership, and Fraud: Evidence from Australia

Auditing A Journal of Practice & Theory ◽

10.2308/aud.2004.23.2.105 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 105-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Vineeta D. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Research Evidence ◽

Institutional Ownership ◽

Board Of Director ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

High Incidence ◽

The Board Of Directors ◽

Director Characteristics ◽

The Relationship ◽

The U.S

Due to the high incidence of fraud in Australia, regulatory reports suggest strengthening the monitoring role of the board of directors (BOD). These reports recommend greater independence and no duality (chairperson of the BOD should not be the CEO) on the BOD. While there is no Australian evidence, research evidence in the U.S. supports these suggested reforms. It is not clear whether the research evidence observed in the U.S. will generalize to the Australian setting because of contextual differences. This study extends the U.S. findings to the Australian context and investigates the relationship between two attributes of the BOD, independence and duality, and fraud. In addition, I examine whether institutional ownership plays a role in the context of fraud. The more highly concentrated institutional ownership in Australia suggests the presence of some relationship. Using a matched sample of fraud and no-fraud firms from 1988–2000, I find that as the percentage of independent directors and the percentage of independent institutional ownership increases, the likelihood of fraud decreases. As expected, the results show a positive relationship between duality and the likelihood of fraud. These results support the call for strengthening the composition and structure of the BOD in Australia.

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Choice Matters

10.1093/oso/9780190886134.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Gordon Moore ◽

John A. Quelch ◽

Emily Boudreau

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Social Media ◽

Healthcare Provider ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Consumer Choice ◽

Marketing Management ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

System P ◽

The U.S

Choice Matters: How Healthcare Consumers Make Decisions (and Why Clinicians and Managers Should Care) is a timely and thoughtful exploration of the controversial role of consumers in the U.S. healthcare system. In most markets today, consumers have more options and autonomy than ever before. Empowered consumers easily shop around for products and services that better meet their needs, and they widely share their reviews on social media to inform and influence other consumers. Businesses have responded with better experiences and prices to compete for consumers’ business. Though healthcare has lagged behind other industries in this respect, there is a rising tide of interest in consumer choice and empowerment in healthcare markets. However, most healthcare provider organizations, individual doctors, and health insurers are unprepared to consider patients as consumers. The authors draw upon the fields of medicine, marketing, management, psychology, and public policy as they take a substantive, in-depth look at consumer choice and point out its appropriate use, as well as its limitations. This book addresses perplexing issues, such as how healthcare differs from other consumer-driven markets, how consumers make healthcare decisions, and how increased consumer choice in healthcare can not only aid and empower American consumers but also improve the overall healthcare system.

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Covert Action: United States Law in Substance, Process, and Practice

The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0036 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 586-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James E. Baker

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Executive Branch ◽

Legal Practice ◽

Legal Regime ◽

Covert Action ◽

The Third ◽

Definition Of ◽

Traditional Activity ◽

The U.S

This article discusses covert action within the context of the U.S. law. The first section describes the main elements of the U.S. legal regime, including the definition of covert action and the “traditional activity” exceptions, the elements of a covert action finding, and the thresholds and requirements for congressional notification. The second section describes some of the significant limitations on the conduct of covert action. The third section discusses the nature of executive branch legal practice in this area of the law. And the last section draws conclusions about the role of national security law within the context of covert action.

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Examining the Role of Acculturation in E-Cigarette Use among U.S. Immigrant Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3658

Author(s):

Sunday Azagba ◽

Lingpeng Shan

Keyword(s):

Host Country ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Population Data ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Length Of Residence ◽

Native Populations ◽

The U.S

Evidence suggests that as immigrants’ length of residence in the host country increases, they may integrate their behavior and norms to align with the new community’s cultural norms. The current study examined e-cigarette use among immigrants in the U.S., and whether the length of residence in the U.S. is associated with e-cigarette use among immigrants compared to the native-born population. Data were drawn from the 2014/15 and 2018/19 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare differences in e-cigarette use between native-born populations and immigrants, when immigrants’ length of residence in the U.S. was considered. Among immigrants, the prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use increased significantly from 2.5% and 0.5% in 2014/2015 to 3.2% and 0.8% in 2018/2019, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that immigrants had significantly lower odds of ever e-cigarette use compared to the mainland-born citizen (0–5 years in the U.S., adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.57, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.46–0.69; 6–10 years, aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.41–0.63; 11–20 years, aOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.39–0.53; 20+years, aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.62–0.76). Similar results were found for current e-cigarette use, with immigrants being less likely to be current users. Findings that e-cigarette use among all immigrants—regardless of years living in the U.S.—was consistently lower than among the native-born population run contrary to the notion that as length of stay increases, health behaviors between immigrants and native populations of the host country become similar.

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Workplace Cyberbullying: A Criminological and Routine Activity Perspective

Journal of Information Technology ◽

10.1177/02683962211027888 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026839622110278

Author(s):

Sixuan Zhang ◽

Dorothy Leidner ◽

Xin Cao ◽

Ning Liu

Keyword(s):

Boundary Spanning ◽

Routine Activities ◽

Self Control ◽

Routine Activities Theory ◽

Routine Activity ◽

General Theory Of Crime ◽

Theory Of Crime ◽

Low Self Control ◽

The U.S

Extant research on the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying pays little attention to the role of perpetrator traits in influencing workplace cyberbullying, as well as the unique occurrence context that distinguishes workplace cyberbullying with juvenile cyberbullying, workplace bullying, and adult cyberbullying in general. To fill these gaps, we consider the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying under the theoretical lens of the general theory of crime and routine activities theory. We build a model incorporating low self-control, a widely discussed perpetrator trait in criminology theories, with three types of routine activities representing the unique occurrence context for workplace cyberbullying--mWork, boundary spanning in ESM, and proactive email checking. We tested our model with 2025 employees in the U.S.. Our findings demonstrate that low self-control and the three routine activities are strong motivators for workplace cyberbullying. Our findings further show that the effect of low self-control on workplace cyberbullying is amplified by the three routine activities. The study contributes to our understanding of why workplace cyberbullying occurs and offers potential implications for managers interested in reducing incidences of workplace cyberbullying in their organization.

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