scholarly journals Potential toxicity of leachate from the municipal landfill in view of the possibility of their migration to the environment through infiltration into groundwater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć ◽  
Urszula Wydro ◽  
Elżbieta Wołejko ◽  
Anna Pietryczuk ◽  
Adam Cudowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Content ◽  
Relative Viability ◽  
Apoptosis Level

AbstractLeachate from landfills is a product of complex biological and physicochemical processes occurring during waste storage. In the present study, the toxicity of landfill leachate (LL) to human and bacterial cells was investigated for better understanding of LL environmental toxicity. Studies regarding LL physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity analysis were conducted. In Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, fibroblasts and melanoma A-375 cells, cell viability assays were applied. For the determination of LL antibacterial activity, twofold dilution series of LL were prepared in the range from 50% to 0.1% (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.56%, 0.78%, 0.39%, 0.2%, 0.1%). Human cells viability was examined at LL concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%. ROS (reactive oxygen species) content and apoptosis level were also measured in bacterial and human cells under the influence of LL. Unexpectedly obtained results indicate stimulation of bacterial viability by LL. Fibroblasts under the influence of LL showed decrease in their viability and increase in apoptosis level and A-375 melanoma cells showed an increase in relative viability and decrease in apoptosis. ROS level in bacterial cells was elevated in higher LL concentrations and decreased in lower LL concentrations. In human cells, ROS content was rather high in both tested cell lines. Presented results indicate cytotoxic potential of analyzed LL and the necessity of LL monitoring because it may pose a health hazard for exposed human populations and the whole human environment.

scholarly journals Calibration procedures for the quantitative determination of membrane potential in human cells using anionic dyes

2013 ◽  
Vol 83A (7) ◽  
pp. 612-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Klapperstück ◽  
Dagobert Glanz ◽  
Stefan Hanitsch ◽  
Manuela Klapperstück ◽  
Fritz Markwardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Anionic Dyes

GENETICS AND METABOLISM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Barton Childs
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Affected Patient ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Or Genes

IT IS the part of wisdom when about to give a dissertation which one hopes will at once instruct and entertain, to provide at the outset some definition of the subject matter. Genetics is the study of the heritable components of variation; the heritable factors which determine the range or extent of diversity. So, genetics is concerned with heritable differences and likenesses between individuals and between species. One emphasizes the differences because one can be certain of genetic determination of a particular characteristic only when it exists in a population in two or more alternative forms. It is the variants which catch the eye and hold the attention of the investigator, and which by their presence suggest more than one form of the gene or genes which determine that particular characteristic. I would like in what follows to present some examples of investigations of some aspects of genetics in human populations. ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA Several years ago Dr. Melvin Grumbach and I studied the genetics of adrenal hyperplasia, using as our material the patients of Dr. Lawson Wilkins. Since the disease occurs in more than one member of a sibship and since parents are unaffected, we suspected that it was genetically determined and that the affected patient possessed a double dose of a mutant gene; that is, the characteristic was recessive.

Potential Public Health Significance of Non-Escherichia coli Coliforms in Food

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT M. TWEDT ◽  
BRENDA K. BOUTIN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Health Significance

Several coliform species other than Escherichia coli are often associated with and possibly responsible for acute and chronic diarrheal disease. Recent evidence suggests that non-Escherichia coli coliforms may be capable of colonizing the human intestine and producing enterotoxin(s) in high-yield. Whether these organisms are newly capable of causing disease because of infestation with extrachromosomal factors mediating pathogenicity or simply because of inherent pathogenic capabilities that have gone unrecognized, they pose a potential health hazard. Food, medical, and public health microbiologists should be aware that the non-E. coli coliforms contaminating foods may be potential enteropathogens. This possibility may make determination of their pathogenic capabilities even more important than identification of their taxonomic characteristics.

Influence of Resin Monomers on Growth of Oral Streptococci

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
S. Imazato ◽  
R.R.B. Russell ◽  
Y. Noiri ◽  
S. Ebisu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Biomass Increase

Ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate monomers have been previously reported to stimulate the growth of certain caries-associated bacteria on the basis of turbidity measurements. To elucidate the detail of this effect, we examined the influence of resin monomers on the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus sanguis by determination of bacterial numbers (colony-forming units), morphological observation, and chemical analysis. Although the absorbance values in the stationary phase of bacterial suspension were increased in the presence of ethyleneglycol monomers, no significant differences were observed for bacterial numbers throughout the incubation period. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed the formation of sparse vesicular material surrounding bacterial cells when incubated with ethyleneglycol monomers, and these products were proved to be resin polymers. The results demonstrate that the apparent biomass increase during incubation with ethyleneglycol monomers is due not to promotion of bacterial multiplication, but to the polymerization of resin monomers to form vesicular structures attached to cells.

NNWSI Performance Assessment Considerations

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Tyler ◽  
R. R. Peters ◽  
N. K. Hayden ◽  
J. K. Johnstone ◽  
S. Sinnock
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Yucca Mountain ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Assessment Task ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACTThe Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI) project includes a Performance Assessment task to evaluate the containment and isolation potential for a nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain in southern Nevada. This task includes calculations of the rates and concentrations at which radionuclides might be released and transported from the repository and will predict their consequences if they enter the human environment. Among the major tasks required for these calculations will be the development of models for water flow and nuclide transport under unsaturated conditions and in fractured hard rock. The program must also quantify the uncertainties associated with the results of the calculations. The performance assessment will provide evaluations needed for making major decisions as the U. S. Department of Energy seeks a site for a repository. An evaluation will be part of the environmental assessments prepared to accompany the potential nomination of the site. If the Yucca mountain site is selected for characterization and development as a repository, the assessments will be required for an environmental impact statement, a safety analysis report, and other documents.This program has been divided into five tasks. Collectively they will provide the performance assessments needed for the NNWSI Project.

The Emergence Of A Climate Anthropology In Northeast Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Nelson ◽  
Timothy Finan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Human Environment

Climate studies have traditionally fallen within the purview of the natural sciences where cause and predictable pattern are sought for such phenomena as climate change and climate variability. In the past, social scientists had little occasion to cross disciplinary paths with atmospheric or oceanographic scientists. Not that social science has ignored climate, for anthropology and geography claim a rich literature on the impacts of climate variability, particularly drought, on human populations (e.g., Franke and Chasin 1980; Watts 1983; Langworthy and Finan 1997). New theoretical ground, fertilized by an increasing number of empirical studies, now promises to bear the fruit we call climate anthropology. The expanding social science agenda has responded to two relatively recent advances in the natural sciences. The first has been the widening scientific consensus regarding global climate change and its anthropogenic causes. Global change cannot be adequately characterized without understanding the human-environment interactions that have contributed to the phenomenon, forcing social and natural scientists to pursue common research objectives. The second influence on climate anthropology has been the improvement in scientific understanding of oceanic/atmospheric interactions, thus allowing for more refined predictability of climatic events, particularly extreme ones. It is with this advance in climate predictability that climate anthropology is beginning to reap an exceedingly bountiful harvest in both theory and application.

Energy Savings and Pollution Reduction by Coupling a Three-Kiln Brick Production System for the Construction Industry

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa H. Cha´vez ◽  
Javier de J. Guadarrama ◽  
Leticia Carapia ◽  
Abel Herna´ndez-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
General Law ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Heavy Fuels

Atmospheric pollution is one of the most important environmental problems, becoming a phenomenon that could reach levels of serious consequences with irreversible environmental impacts. In Mexico, like in several other countries, brick makers carry out brick production by burning mixtures of different heavy fuels. Because of the wide variety of fuels used it is necessary to determine what types of residual gases are generated, in order to propose remedial treatments in production or to introduce substitution technologies. These preventive actions need to be put in place in order to comply with the Ecological Balance and Environment Protection General Law. Brick kilns emit pollutant gases and particles that remain in the air causing a serious health hazard to the near-factory residents. Amongst these pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx) and hydrocarbons. This paper presents the results of the analysis of a novel 3-kilns coupled system. This experimental analysis includes the determination of the combustion products for gases and particulate matter generated from the burning of the heavy fuels using Gas Chromatography and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Field data also allowed the determination of energy savings for this system, mainly due to the reduction of the consumption of fuel. Fortunately these results show a combined 30% energy savings and a reduction of pollutants and particle emissions.

Ultrasensitive fluorometric determination of iron(iii) and inositol hexaphosphate in cancerous and bacterial cells by using carbon dots with bright yellow fluorescence

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (16) ◽  
pp. 5010-5021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangchao Cui ◽  
Jiadi Sun ◽  
Xingxing Yang ◽  
Jian Ji ◽  
Fuwei Pi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Trace Detection ◽  
Ferric Ions ◽  
Fluorometric Determination ◽  
Inositol Hexaphosphate ◽  
Yellow Fluorescence ◽  
Bright Yellow

An ON–OFF–ON dual-function fluorescent nanoprobe is described for the trace detection of ferric ions and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) in living cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document