Survey design for lakes and reservoirs in the United States to assess contaminants in fish tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Olsen ◽  
Blaine D. Snyder ◽  
Leanne L. Stahl ◽  
Jennifer L. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs

scholarly journals Persistent organic pollutants in fish tissue in the mid-continental great rivers of the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 408 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Blocksom ◽  
David M. Walters ◽  
Terri M. Jicha ◽  
James M. Lazorchak ◽  
Theodore R. Angradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Rivers

scholarly journals Trends and Outcomes of Malignant Hyperthermia in the United States, 2000 to 2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Rosero ◽  
Adebola O. Adesanya ◽  
Carlos H. Timaran ◽  
Girish P. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Comorbidity Burden

Background Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal pharmacogenetic disorder with an estimated mortality of less than 5%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current incidence of MH and the predictors associated with in-hospital mortality in the United States. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which is the largest all-payer inpatient database in the United States, was used to identify patients discharged with a diagnosis of MH during the years 2000-2005. The weighted exact Cochrane-Armitage test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess trends in the incidence and risk-adjusted mortality from MH, taking into account the complex survey design. Results From 2000 to 2005, the number of cases of MH increased from 372 to 521 per year. The occurrence of MH increased from 10.2 to 13.3 patients per million hospital discharges (P = 0.001). Mortality rates from MH ranged from 6.5% in 2005 to 16.9% in 2001 (P < 0.0001). The median age of patients with MH was 39 (interquartile range, 23-54 yr). Only 17.8% of the patients were children, who had lower mortality than adults (0.7% vs. 14.1%, P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was associated with increasing age, female sex, comorbidity burden, source of admission to hospital, and geographic region of the United States. Conclusions The incidence of MH in the United States has increased in recent years. The in-hospital mortality from MH remains elevated and higher than previously reported. The results of this study should enable the identification of areas requiring increased focus in MH-related education.

scholarly journals Adjusting for Misclassification: A Three-Phase Sampling Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Sang ◽  
Kenneth K. Lopiano ◽  
Denise A. Abreu ◽  
Andrea C. Lamas ◽  
Pam Arroway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
States Department ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Sampling ◽  
Sampling Approach

Abstract The United States Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts the June Agricultural Survey (JAS) annually. Substantial misclassification occurs during the prescreening process and from field-estimating farm status for nonresponse and inaccessible records, resulting in a biased estimate of the number of US farms from the JAS. Here, the Annual Land Utilization Survey (ALUS) is proposed as a follow-on survey to the JAS to adjust the estimates of the number of US farms and other important variables. A three-phase survey design-based estimator is developed for the JAS-ALUS with nonresponse adjustment for the second phase (ALUS). A design-unbiased estimator of the variance is provided in explicit form.

scholarly journals Gender differences in perceived barriers of aspiring superintendents

2021 ◽  
pp. 089202062098801
Author(s):  
Maureen Cassidy ◽  
Ximena D Burgin ◽  
Teresa A Wasonga
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
K 12

Discrepancies in the number of females occupying superintendent positions in the United States continue to exist; therefore, this study utilized a survey design to examine the perceived barriers to achieving the top positions in education as well as differences by gender among aspiring superintendents in K-12 in Illinois. Statistical analyses (Mann-Whitney U test and factor analysis) were performed on the results from the Aspiring Superintendents Perceived Barriers Questionnaire developed by Dulac, and its underlying constructs were used to investigate the extent to which aspiring female and male administrators perceived barriers to the superintendency position. Eighty-four participants completed the survey either online or on paper. The study found significant differences between male and female aspiring superintendents in 10 of the 21 perceived barriers. Factor analysis yielded two factors (societal issues and workplace expectations) as barriers identified by females, and three concepts (societal issues, workplace expectations, and masculinity in leadership) as barriers identified by males.

scholarly journals The National Eutrophication Survey: lake characteristics and historical nutrient concentrations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Stachelek ◽  
Chanse Ford ◽  
Dustin Kincaid ◽  
Katelyn King ◽  
Heather Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs

Abstract. Historical ecological surveys serve as a baseline and provide context for contemporary research, yet many of these records are not preserved in a way that ensures their long-term usability. The National Eutrophication Survey database is currently only available as scans of the original reports (PDF files) with no embedded character information. This limits its searchability, machine readability, and the ability of current and future scientists to systematically evaluate its contents. These data were collected by the United States Environmental Protection Agency between 1972 and 1975 as part of an effort to investigate eutrophication in freshwater lakes and reservoirs. Although several studies have manually transcribed small portions of the database in support of specific studies, there have been no systematic attempts to transcribe and preserve the database in its entirety. Here we use a combination of automated optical character recognition and manual quality assurance procedures to make these data available for analysis. The performance of the optical character recognition protocol was found to be linked to variation in the quality (clarity) of the original documents. For each of the four archival scanned reports, our quality assurance protocol found an error rate between 5.9 and 17 %. The goal of our approach was to strike a balance between efficiency and data quality by combining hand-entry of data with digital transcription technologies. The finished database contains information on the physical characteristics, hydrology, and water quality of about 800 lakes in the contiguous United States (https://doi.org/10.5063/F1KK98R5). Ultimately, this database could be combined with more recent studies to generate metadata analyses of water quality trends and spatial variation across the continental United States.

scholarly journals Automated Water Level Monitoring at the Continental Scale from ICESat-2 Photons

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3631
Author(s):  
Austin Madson ◽  
Yongwei Sheng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Cluster Computing ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Water Level Changes ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
The Mean

Of the approximately 6700 lakes and reservoirs larger than 1 km2 in the Contiguous United States (CONUS), only ~430 (~6%) are actively gaged by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) or their partners and are available for download through the National Water Information System database. Remote sensing analysis provides a means to fill in these data gaps in order to glean a better understanding of the spatiotemporal water level changes across the CONUS. This study takes advantage of two-plus years of NASA’s ICESat-2 (IS-2) ATLAS photon data (ATL03 products) in order to derive water level changes for ~6200 overlapping lakes and reservoirs (>1 km2) in the CONUS. Interactive visualizations of large spatial datasets are becoming more commonplace as data volumes for new Earth observing sensors have markedly increased in recent years. We present such a visualization created from an automated cluster computing workflow that utilizes tens of billions of ATLAS photons which derives water level changes for all of the overlapping lakes and reservoirs in the CONUS. Furthermore, users of this interactive website can download segmented and clustered IS-2 ATL03 photons for each individual waterbody so that they may run their own analysis. We examine ~19,000 IS-2 derived water level changes that are spatially and temporally coincident with water level changes from USGS gages and find high agreement with our results as compared to the in situ gage data. The mean squared error (MSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) between these two products are 1 cm and 6 cm, respectively.

Stimulants and Atomoxetine Use and Expenditures in Children and Adolescents in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1428-1432
Author(s):  
Rajender R. Aparasu ◽  
V Bhatara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Utilization Patterns

This study examined national level prevalence and expenditure patterns of stimulants and atomoxetine in children and adolescents in the United States.  The 2003-2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data were used to examine the utilization pattern of stimulants (amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, and dexmethyl-phenidate) and atomoxetine in persons less than 20 years of age. Annual population, prescription, and expenditure estimates including 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived after adjusting for the complex survey design of the MEPS.  Prescription expenditures in the MEPS represent the amount paid to pharmacies from all sources, including payments by insurance and patients. The expenditures were adjusted to 2004 US dollar using the Consumer Price Index.   In 2003-2004, an estimated 2.67 million (95% CI, 2.30 - 3.03 million) children and adolescents used stimulants or atomoxetine annually for an overall prevalence of 3.19% (95% CI, 2.78 - 3.60). Prevalence of stimulants alone was 2.78% (95% CI, 2.39-3.17%) with methylphenidates accounting for most of the usage. Children and adolescents using stimulants or atomoxetine were most often males (70%), whites (86%), and 10-14 years of age (52%). Nearly 90% of them reported an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. Annual expenditures for stimulants and atomoxetine were estimated at $1.69 billion (95% CI, $1.40 - 1.98 billion), with stimulants representing 79% of the expenditure. The average prescription cost was highest ($99.48) for atomoxetine and lowest ($75.70) for methylphenidates. Atomoxetine accounted for one-fourth of the prevalence and one-fifth of the expenditures in children.  In conclusion, although stimulants accounted for most of the usage and expenditures, atomoxetine has emerged as the leading stimulant alternative in children and adolescents. High prescription costs and utilization patterns for atomoxetine are likely to influence future prescription expenditure burdens in pediatric ADHD. More research is needed on the relative cost and effectiveness of various stimulant preparations and atomoxetine.   

Association Between Smell, Taste, and Depression in Nationally Representative Sample of Older Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamiluddin J. Qazi ◽  
James H. Wilson ◽  
Spencer C. Payne ◽  
Jose L. Mattos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

Objectives To characterize the association between quantitative olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction and depression in older adults. Methods The 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were used to investigate the relationship between smell and taste dysfunction and depression. Adults aged 65 years and older were included in the analysis. For smell status, subjects were divided into hyposmia, anosmia, and OD (hyposmia + anosmia) using the Pocket Smell Test. For taste status, subjects were evaluated using quinine, 1M NaCl, and 0.32M NaCl solutions. Indicator variables were made for subjects with both smell and taste dysfunction to determine whether a combination of symptoms could predict depression. Depression status was evaluated by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire using accepted cutoff values. Relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and comorbid factors were included in multivariate logistic regression models, which accounted for the complex survey design of NHANES. Results A total of 931 subjects aged 65 years or older were included in the weighted analysis. Anosmia significantly predicted depressive symptoms in multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.484, P = .032) but not univariate. In univariate analysis, hyposmia + anosmia (OR = 2.193, P = .006) and hyposmia (OR = 2.512, P < .001) significantly predicted depression. Significance was lost in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Smell dysfunction is an independent predictor of depressive symptoms in a representative sample of older adults in the United States after adjusting for relevant demographic factors and comorbidities.

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