Sanitary condition and its microbiological quality of improved water sources in the Southern Region of Ethiopia

Liver is chemically complex matrixes contain sufficient nutrients that support microbial growth. Microbial contamination of vending chicken livers could occur due to different possible reasons such as storing foods in cheap utensils, holding foods at a temperature that would permit bacterial growth, utilization of water of questionable hygienic quality, using packing materials that were not of food-grade quality, vending site that has no facilities for waste disposal and utilization of unclean utensils. In addition, street chicken livers vendors are unaware of the basic importance of personal cleanliness, thus their products are usually vulnerable to gross contamination by flies, insects, rodents, dust and other dirt. Vending chicken livers are often poor and uneducated and lack appreciation for safe food handling. Aim of the study is to determine microbiological quality of chicken livers in Jalalabad city. A total of 24 samples of vender chicken livers from 4 different shops had purchased from Jalalabad city Afghanistan. This step occurred earlier than the chilling period then Transfer Directly to the Microbiological laboratory of Veterinary Science faculty of Nangarhar University for Microbial culture and microscopic examination. According to our study we have seen 6 (25%) samples positive for Salmonella and 24(100%) samples positive for Shigella. Studies made in Nangarhar pointed out that the important aspect of vending chicken livers is their safety and understanding the possible ways of contamination. The sanitary condition need to be improved. The government must develop microbiological standards of fast food and urgently put them in practice.

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The hygienic-related microbiological quality of drinking water sources Al-Baha Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Journal of Health Specialties ◽

10.4103/1658-600x.131753 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

EltiganiO.M. Omer ◽

AbdullahA Algamidi ◽

IbrahimM Algamidi ◽

Ali SaadR Alsubaie ◽

Ali Fadlelmula

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Water Sources ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Drinking Water Sources

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Studi Higiene Sanitasi Makanan Dengan Pemeriksaan Escherichia coli Air Pencucian dan Peralatan Makan Di Pujasera X

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v5i4.2356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Yulianti Pratama ◽

Nadya Almira Rachman

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Water Sources ◽

Clean Water ◽

Water Based ◽

Before And After ◽

Bacterial Transmission ◽

Food Sanitation

Food sanitation is one of the methods used to protect food from contamination, maintain quality, and prevent potential bacterial transmission. This research was conducted to observe potential diseases caused by the microbiological quality of clean water for household use. MPN method was used to compare the quality of clean water based on the Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 416 Tahun 1990. Swab method was implemented to observe the hygiene level of the cutlery to compare with the Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1098 Tahun 2003. 79/100 ml of total coliform found in tenant 1 and tenant 2 which means it did not meet the standards. Escherichia coli were found absent in both clean water sources. The same result comes from 2 samples of plates and spoons before and after the first usage and second usage. In tenant 2, Escherichia coli were found in plate sample no.1 before usage and the clerk’s hands before serving the food. Hence, it did not meet the standards. Based on the interviews and observations, the sanitation hygiene of the clerks and the physical hygiene of tenant 1 and tenant 2 had only fulfilled 61.9% and 57.1% of proper hygiene, so it needed to be improved.

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Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water Sources in Rural Communities of Dire Dawa Administrative Council

Science Technology and Arts Research Journal ◽

10.4314/star.v1i4.98818 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D Amenu ◽

S Menkir ◽

T Gobena

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Water Sources ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Dire Dawa

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Drivers of microbiological quality of household drinking water – a case study in rural Ethiopia

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2017.069 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 275-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Muhammed A. Usman ◽

Nicolas Gerber ◽

Evita H. Pangaribowo

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Fecal Contamination ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Water Sources ◽

Multiple Use ◽

Water Safety ◽

E Coli

Abstract This study aims at assessing the determinants of microbiological contamination of household drinking water under multiple-use water systems in rural areas of Ethiopia. For this analysis, a random sample of 454 households was surveyed between February and March 2014, and water samples from community sources and household storage containers were collected and tested for fecal contamination. The number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) colony-forming units per 100 mL water was used as an indicator of fecal contamination. The microbiological tests demonstrated that 58% of household stored water samples and 38% of protected community water sources were contaminated with E. coli. Moreover, most improved water sources often considered to provide safe water showed the presence of E. coli. The result shows that households' stored water collected from unprotected wells/springs had higher levels of E. coli than stored water from alternative sources. Distance to water sources and water collection containers are also strongly associated with stored water quality. To ensure the quality of stored water, the study suggests that there is a need to promote water safety from the point-of-source to point-of-use, with due considerations for the linkages between water and agriculture to advance the Sustainable Development Goal 6 of ensuring access to clean water for everyone.

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Microbiological quality and genotoxicity of domestic water sources: A combined approach using Micro Biological Survey method and mutagenesis assay (micronucleus test) in root tips of Vicia faba in the West region of Cameroon

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0245379

Author(s):

Rodrigue Biguioh Mabvouna ◽

Sali Ben Béchir Adogaye ◽

Patrick Martial Pete Nkamedjie ◽

Andrillene Laure Deutou Wondeu ◽

Martin Sanou Sobze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Water Sources ◽

Survey Method ◽

Root Tips ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Biological Survey ◽

West Region ◽

Quality Of Water

At least 2.1 billion people around the world use contaminated drinking water, causing 485,000 diarrheal deaths each year, mostly among children under 5 years old. A study conducted 10 years ago in Bafoussam (West Cameroon) recorded concentrations of bacteria among surface and groundwater. High levels of bicarbonates, phosphates, chlorides and suspended matters were also found. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological and chemical qualities of domestic water sources in 5 localities of the West region of Cameroon. Water samples from 22 water sources (wells, springs, water drilling and river) were aseptically collected in plastic bottles and transferred in 50 ml sterile tubes. For chlorinated water sources, 1 ml of Thiosulfate was added to the water sample; immediately placed in an ice box and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Water temperature and pH were measured on site. The microbiological quality of water was determined by testing Total Coliforms (TC) using the Micro Biological Survey method. 1 ml of each water sample was inoculated in the MBS vial initially rehydrated with 10 ml of sterile distilled water. The initial color of the vials is red. Color changes were monitored at three different time intervals (12h, 19h and 24h), corresponding to three levels of contamination. The chemical quality of water was assessed using micronucleus (MN) test in selected Vicia faba seeds secondary root tips permanently mounted in Dibutylphthalate Polystyrene Xylene mountant for histology after 72 hours of direct exposition in water samples and in dark. The mitotic indices and MN frequencies were evaluated in 10 root tips per site analysing 5000 cells per tip. Statistical analyses were done using Stata IC/15.0 software. The Student t-test was used for mean comparison and the significance level was set at 1%. The majority of samples were collected from wells (63.6%). The mean water pH ranged from 5.5 to 8.3 and the temperature varied from 23 to 26°C. A very high concentration of TC [>103 CFU/ml] was found in 8 (36.4%) samples. 10 (45.5%) and 2 (9.1%) samples turned yellow at 19 and 24 hours respectively after incubation corresponding to TC concentration of [10<x<103 CFU/ml] and [1<x< 10 CFU/ml]. The MN frequency was higher (P ≤ 0.01) compared to the negative control in 9 (40.9%) water samples indicating significant genotoxic effects of these water sources. This study highlighted the poor quality of domestic water sources in West region of Cameroon and the need to conduct regular monitoring of drinking water sources. Community capacity building on water treatment methods, including good wastes management should be implemented to help improve water quality.

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Experience on the environmental and hygienic assessment of water pollution in the territories referred to oil refining and petrochemical complexes

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-886-893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (9) ◽

pp. 886-893

Author(s):

Timur K. Valeev ◽

Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽

Rafail A. Suleimanov ◽

Alla G. Malysheva ◽

Ahat B. Bakirov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

Underground Water ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Water Sources ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Sanitary Condition

Introduction. Wastewater contaminated with oil, demulsifiers, hydrogen sulfide, ammonium sulfide, phenol, sulfates, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkali, fatty acids, various solutes, etc. is formed at oil refining and petrochemical enterprises. Runoff entering surface and underground water sources can harm water quality, sanitary conditions of life, and water use of the population. Taking this into account, further improvement of scientific approaches to ensure the safety of water bodies that are sources of drinking and recreational use, assessment, and prevention of public health risks caused by water factors is of particular importance. Material and methods. To assess the degree of influence of industrial enterprises on the quality of water sources, we studied the sanitary condition of the Belaya River and its tributaries, as well as underground water lying in the area of oil refining and petrochemical industries. The analysis of the water quality of surface and underground water sources according to the data of laboratory studies of departmental laboratories; the results of scientific and practical research and publications on the studied problem for 1999-2019. Results. Materials of observation data show that wastewater from changes of industrial enterprises the sanitary condition of surface reservoirs: there is a decrease in the content of ammonium nitrogen and biological oxygen consumption indices and a significant increase in the content of nitrates, chlorides, sulfates, and petroleum products. Surface water sources are characterized by unfavorable organoleptic characteristics, high organic pollution, and the presence of specific compounds (petroleum products, surfactants, alpha-methylstyrol, benzene, toluene, isopropylbenzene, and hydrogen sulfide) in concentrations higher than their hygiene regulations. Underground waters located on the territories of the main industrial complexes are characterized by high mineralization, extremely high hardness, high content of iron, nitrates, and petroleum products. Conclusion. Refineries and petrochemicals affect the pollution of surface and underground water sources. The water quality of the surveyed water bodies does not meet sanitary and hygienic standards. The priority indices of the influence of the enterprises of branch on water bodies include organoleptic indices of organic pollution indices of total salts composition of water, the content of specific ingredients: oil, benzene, toluene, isopropyl, alpha-methyl styrene, xylene, cresol, kerosene, gasoline, fuel oil, ethylene, propylene, 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene, phenols (volatile), methyl mercaptan, nonionic and anion-active surfactants, biological oxygen consumption indices and others. The research made it possible to assess the level of pollution of water bodies located in the zone of industrial enterprises and develop measures to reduce the man-made impact on the environment and public health.

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