scholarly journals Esteem, Social Norms and Status Inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Porro
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Judgment ◽  
Social Esteem ◽  
Status Inequality

AbstractWhen we appraise others as talented or virtuous, we esteem them: we register admiration of their traits and virtues. It is generally believed that, unless they involve a violation of respect, distributions of esteem are not a concern from the point of view of justice. In this paper, I want to dispute this commonly-held view. I will argue that attributions of esteem can become problematic when a particular trait becomes such a uniquely relevant source of social esteem in a community that its absence becomes a reason to regard others as less than full members of the community. For instance, in contemporary capitalist societies those perceived as lacking certain socially valued traits and unable or unwilling to make certain kinds of contribution to the community, such as those who are unemployed or have committed criminal offences, are widely disesteemed and also regarded as inferior qua members of the community by others. From the fact that they fail to possess particular qualities a broader negative judgment of their ability to contribute to the community is inferred. Moreover, their failure to gain esteem in these pervasive domains eclipses their possession of other esteem-worthy traits as well as other positive contributions they might have made to society. This perception of inferiority renders it impossible for them to live on equal terms with other citizens. I argue that as egalitarians we should oppose these distributions of esteem.

“Product Not Available in Pre-War Quantities – but Quality Remains the Same”: Remarks on Advertisements as Historical Sources

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
German Press ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The article focuses on advertisements as visual and historical sources. The material comes from the German press that appeared immediately after the end of the Second World War. During this time, all kinds of products were scarce. In comparison to this, colorful advertisements of luxury products are more than noteworthy. What do these images tell us about the early post-war years in Germany? The author argues that advertisements are a medium that shapes social norms. Rather than reflecting the historical realities, advertisements construct them. From an aesthetical and cultural point of view, advertisements gave thus a sense of continuity between the pre- and post-war years. The author suggests, therefore, that the advertisements should not be treated as a source for economic history. They are, however, important for studying social developments that occurred in the past.

scholarly journals HUMOR AND LAUGHTER IN THE PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Vladimirs Kincāns
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Emotional Tension ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training

This article analyzes the possibilities of humour and laughter in educational activity. Using techniques based on the knowledge of methodological potential of laughter is a substantial reserve for increasing the effectiveness of training, education and personal development. From a pedagogical point of view, means of creating a comic situation is a way of indirect pedagogical interaction with the audience. Laughter helps to observe generally accepted social norms of behaviour, avoid conflicts, defuse the situation, remove emotional tension and enhance the intellectual activity of students.

Optimal Contracting Model in a Social Environment and Trust-Related Psychological Costs

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suren Basov ◽  
M. Ishaq Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Optimal Contracting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Contracting Model

AbstractMost research in contract theory concentrated on the role of incentives in shaping individual behavior. Recent research suggests that social norms also play an important role. From a point of view of a mechanism designer (a principal, a government, and a bank), responsiveness of an agent to the social norms is both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, it provides the designer with extra instruments, while on the other it puts restrictions on how these new and the more conventional instruments can be used. The main objective of this paper is to investigate this trade-off and study how it shapes different contracts observed in the real world. We consider a model in which agent’s cost of cheating is triggered by the principal’s show of trust. We call such behavior a norm of honesty and trust and show that it drives incentives to be either low powerful or high powerful, eliminating contracts with medium powerful incentives.

Social Norms from a Goal-System Point of View: Contributions of Activity Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Corrégé ◽  
Céline Clavel ◽  
Julien Christophe ◽  
Mehdi Ammi
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Goal System ◽  
System Point

Shame as an anthropological, historical and social emotion

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Veronika Magyar-Haas
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Cultural Relativity ◽  
Social Emotion ◽  
The Difference

In her chapter Veronika Magyar-Haas shows that in an anthropological point of view the possibility of the experience of the self in two modes – as a subject and an object, and so the difference between the ‘I’ and ‘Me’ – serves as a structural condition of feeling ashamed. Even if shame in this sense can be defined as a universal human feeling, the historical and cultural relativity of this phenomenon is to be taken into account. The author argues that in shameful situations subjects become objects for others and for themselves, too. She points out that by analysing shame, the existential difference of the self can be presumed – but the sources of shame as well as its intensity and forms of appearance are historically, culturally, and socially varying. It will be argued that in the emotion of shame the self reveals itself as a vulnerable self, which is in various relationships to others and to social norms. With reference to neoliberal expectations and ‘workfare programs’, the chapter illustrates to what extent they generate shame among service users and how shame can be seen as a reproduction of power.

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI MORAL DALAM NOVEL HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY (TINJAUAN STRUKTURAL GENETIK)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-217
Author(s):  
Virry Grinitha
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to find out the moral values in Habiburrahman El Shirazy's Novels. The research was conducted using qualitative approach with descriptive method. The data were collected by analyzing, studying, and recording the document. The analysis and interpretation of the data indicate that first, moral values in novel's structure of the novels include human's perspective toward God, such as piety, devout, humble; human's perspective toward themselves such as honest, responsible, healthy, discipline, hard work, confident, logical, critical, creative, innovative, autonomous, curious; human's perspective toward human such as the awareness of their right and duty toward themselves and the others, the obedience of social norms, the appreciation of one's achievements and works, being polite and democratic, and human's perspective toward surroundings such as caring and admiring toward the beauty of nature created by God. Second, Moral values were analyzed through the author’s social background indicating the appearance of the novels. Third, moral values from the author's point of view in the novels include human's perspective toward God, themselves, the others, and surroundings. It is recommended that students should read the novels in order to find out the moral values in literary works.Keywords: moral values, novel, genetic structuralism ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui dan memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang nilai-nilai moral dalam novel karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy ditinjau dari struktural genetik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik analisis dokumentasi, pustaka, dan catat. Analisis interpretasi data menunjukkan (1) adanya nilai-nilai moral dalam struktur novel Ayat Ayat Cinta yang meliputi dimensi manusia dengan Tuhan yaitu religius, dimensi manusia dengan dirinya, dimensi manusia dengan manusia, yaitu sadar akan hak dan kewajiban diri sendiri dan orang lain dan dimensi manusia dengan lingkungan yaitu adanya keperdulian dan kekaguman terhadap keindahan alam yang diciptakan oleh sang pencipta, (2) nilai-nilai moral yang ditinjau dari sudut latar sosial pengarang yang mengkondisikan lahirnya novel Ayat Ayat Cinta; (3) nilai-nilai moral ditinjau dari sudut pandangan dunia pengarang dalam novel Ayat Ayat Cinta yang meliputi dimensi manusia dengan manusia, dimensi manusia dengan dirinya sendiri, dimensi manusia dengan manusia, dan dimensi manusia dengan lingkungan. Penemuan-penemuan membawa ke arah rekomendasi terhadap siswa agar membekali diri dengan berbagai bacaan penunjang lainnya untuk menemukan nilai-nilai moral yang terkandung dalam karya sastra.Kata kunci: Nilai-nilai moral, novel, struktural genetik

scholarly journals New Frontiers and Relations between Religion, Culture and Politics in Western Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Pérez-Agote
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Population ◽  
Social Esteem ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
National Reconstruction

The societies of Western Europe, following the territorial delimitation of the corresponding State, have gone through different historical processes of internal homogenization. After the Peace of Westphalia (1648) the application of the principle cuius regio eius religio induced the religious homogenization of the population. Then, due to the ethnic diversity of its population, the State tried to homogenize it from the cultural point of view; it was the process of nationalization and democratization of the State. This process lead to the separation of religion from politics and from culture. After the two world wars, national reconstruction needed a foreign population: this need for labor was filled in the most developed countries by population of the countries that were least (Portuguese, Spanish, Italian ...) and also by population flows coming from the old colonies. The cultural and religious homogeneity of these countries began to lose force. With the oil crisis of the 1970s, a period of major economic fluctuations began in Europe. In those years, the second generation of the population of immigrant origin began to go to a job market that was not in good health. The religion and culture of their predecessors became autonomous resources for the reconstruction of their identity and to achieve a personal and social esteem. This process is necessarily leading States to rethink the relations between politics, culture and religion.

The postponed succession: an investigation of the obstacles hindering business transmission planning in family firms

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Transmission Planning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Family Smes ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Business Succession

PurposeDrawing on the theory of planned behaviour, this research aims to investigate systemically if and how incumbents and successors share attitudes, social norms and perception of the feasibility of their business succession.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research carried out on a group of small Italian family firms (N = 10).FindingsThis study provides evidence of background mechanisms (attitudes, social norms and perception of feasibility) affecting the implementation of business succession planning in family SMEs. Moreover, this study provides further evidence supporting the role of social norms in strategic decision-making processes within family firms.Research limitations/implicationsFindings from this study contribute to current literature in multiple ways and have several research implications.Practical implicationsThis study highlights that it is more appropriate to adopt a systemic rather than an individualistic approach in investigating/managing business succession.Social implicationsFamily firms are the most widespread type of firms in the world; thus, a systematic failure in business transmission represents a prominent socioeconomical problem for policy-makers and institutions.Originality/valueThis study leads to further developments in exploring business succession from a psychological point of view. Findings also highlight the limits of how a theory applied in order to predict individual behaviour can provide insight into collective behaviour involving a family.

scholarly journals AMBIGUITY ON SYARIAH TOURISM IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-617
Author(s):  
Hurriah Ali Hasan ◽  
Abd Azis Muslimin
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local People ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The World ◽  
People Group

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the readiness of tourist destinations through the perception of tourists and local people in developing sharia tourism in Indonesia. Indonesia has a much tourism area, which is visited by both domestic and foreign tourists. In the tourism area, especially visited by foreign tourists, are often equipped with facilities for entertainment that are not accorded to social norms and clash with religious norms. While Indonesia is the largest Moslem country in the world with 85 percent people are Moslem, therefore some people provoke to implement Islamic Law in tourism area. Methodology: This study includes descriptive research using a quantitative approach that involved two groups were domestic tourists 110 respondents and 50 respondents from local people. This study, conducted in the Bira Beach area, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia. Data was analyzed to find out the point of view of the tourist and local people on Islamic law implementation in tourism area in Bira Beach. Result: The finding of this study indicated that all domestic tourists and local people strongly support the implementation of Islamic Law in tourism area in Bira Beach. Implications/Applications: However, if Islamic law was actually implemented in all areas in the Bira Beach area, all respondents in tourist group stated that they would not visit Bira Beach anymore, meanwhile all respondents in local people group expressed doubt, caused to the negative impact on their economic income. Based on this study, it needs an appropriate regulation for tourism in Indonesia that could be implemented for all people without contrary to religious norms.

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