High phosphorus concentration in Trifolium balansae and Medicago polymorpha seed increases in herbage and seed yields in the field

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed of Trifolium balansae and Medicago polymorpha, of the same size (mean ± s.d., T. balansae 0.8 ± 0.01 mglseed, M. polymorpha 3.6 ± 0.05 mg/seed) but with increasing phosphorus (P) concentration in the seed (T. balansae 0.34 to 0.63% P, M. polymorpha 0.40 to 0.64% P), were sown in field experiments as singlestrain, dense, ungrazed swards on 2 different soil types (a sand and a lateritic gravel sand) in south-western Australia. Different amounts of superphosphate were drilled with the seed (5-40 kg P/ha for the sand, and 15-100 kg P/ha for the lateritic gravel sand). Increasing P concentration in seed increased yields of dried herbage measured at each harvest, and also increased seed yields (measured for M. polymorpha only). Increasing P concentration in the seed increased the effectiveness of superphosphate drilled with the seed, so that less fertiliser was required to produce the same yield as P concentration in the seed increased.

High phosphorus concentrations in seed of wheat and annual medic are related to higher rates of dry matter production of seedlings and plants

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Burr Medic

Seed of 2 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 1 burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) with increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations (wheat 1.4-3.7 g P/kg dry matter, medic 3.3-7.9 g P/kg dry matter) were collected from field experiments with variable levels of applied superphosphate (wheat 0- 577 kg P/ha, medic 0-364 kg P/ha) in south-western Australia. These seeds were used in further experiments to examine the effect of seed P concentration on the subsequent dry matter (DM) production of seedlings and plants in 3 glasshouse pot experiments and 1 field experiment. Seed of the same size (wheat, 35 mg/seed; medic, 3.6 mg/seed) but with increasing P concentration produced substantially higher DM yields in the absence or presence of freshly applied superphosphate P up to 28-35 days after sowing in the pot experiments and 67 days after sowing in the field experiment.

Effect of seed source and seed phosphorus concentration on the yield response of yellow serradella to superphosphate applications

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
M Baker
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship

A field experiment at Medina, Western Australia, was designed to test whether seed produced at different locations and containing different phosphorus (P) concentration in the seed would change the relationship between yield and the level of superphosphate drilled with the seed. To produce the seed for the experiment, subsamples of the same source of seed of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus cv. Madeira) were grown at Medina and Esperance, Western Australia. Seed of the same size produced at each location, and containing 3 different P concentrations, was sown in the experiment at Medina. Three levels of superphosphate were drilled with the seed. Yields (of dried herbage and seed) were increased 2- to 4-fold as the amount of P drilled with the seed was increased from 5 to 40 kg P/ha. Although the Medina seed contained >0.40% P and the Esperance seed contained <0.40% P, plants grown from Esperance seed produced larger yields than plants grown from Medina seed for each of the 3 levels of P drilled with the seed; yield difference increased from about 14 to 70% as the level of P drilled with the seed increased from 5 to 40 kg P/ha. Higher P concentration in the sown seed increased herbage and seed yields by 35-70% when 5 kg P/ha superphosphate was drilled with the seed, and by about 616% when 40 kg P/ha was P drilled with the seed. Seed grown at Esperance produced larger yields for each seed P concentration than Medina seed; yield differences were about 30-90%. The P concentration measured in dried herbage and seed depended only on the amount of P drilled with the seed. It was unaffected by the P concentration in the seed sown, and for dried herbage, it was unaffected by where the seed sown was produced. However, for seed production, the relationship between yield and P concentration in the seed differed depending on where the seed was grown.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of seed phosphorus concentration in winter oilseed rape and development of a NIRS calibration

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Eifler ◽  
Jürgen Enno Wick ◽  
Bernd Steingrobe ◽  
Christian Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhytic acid is the major organic phosphorus storage compound in rapeseed. Following oil extraction, the defatted meal is used in feed mixtures for livestock. However, monogastric pigs and chickens can only poorly metabolize phytate. Hence, their excrements are rich in phosphorus (P), which when applied as manure may lead to eutrophication of surface waters. The aim of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation for total and organic P concentration (i.e. mainly phytate) in rapeseed and to compare the results with soybean. Two sets of rapeseed material were tested in field experiments in different environments with varying soil P levels and harvested seeds were used for seed quality analysis. Results revealed significant genotypic differences in total seed P concentration, which ranged from 0.47 to 0.94%. Depending on the experiment, the heritability for total P concentration ranged from 52 to 93%. The organic P portion of total P concentration was above 90% for current rapeseed hybrids. In both sets, there was a significant positive correlation between seed protein and P concentration. A NIRS calibration for total P concentration in intact seeds showed in cross validation a standard error of 0.05% and a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.83. Total P concentration of soybean seeds and meal was between 0.55 and 0.65%, and around 1.1% for rapeseed meal. Rapeseed meal had a twofold higher ratio of total P to nitrogen concentration as compared to soybean which could be considered adverse when the meal is used for feeding livestock.

Further investigations on the use of lime on established pastures

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Large Response

In glasshouse experiments the increased nitrogen mineralization resulted in a large response of grass to lime. Light dressings of lime increased yield of clovers. This was not due to correcting manganese toxicity. Heavy dressings of lime depressed yield of clovers. This was not due to induced manganese deficiency but was, at least partly, due to induced phosphorus deficiency. Waterlogging the soil increased phosphorus availability and hence partly overcame the depressive effects of high lime. In field experiments ground limestone at 1 ton an acre was applied to a range of pastures and soil types on the coastal plain of south-western Australia. Pasture responses were poorly related to the original pH of the soil but were proportional to the increase in pH.

Increasing phosphorus concentration in lupin seed increases grain yield on phosphorus deficient soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
BH Paynter ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
The Difference

In a field experiment on a phosphorus (P) deficient soil in south-western Australia, lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Danja) of the same size (157 mg/seed) but with 2 different phosphorus (P) concentrations in the seed (2.0 and 2.8 g P/kg) was sown with 4 levels of superphosphate (5, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha) drilled with the seed in May 1988 to examine the effect of seed P concentration on subsequent dry matter (DM) and grain yields. Increasing the amount of superphosphate applied from 5 to 60 kg P/ha almost doubled yields. In addition, lupins grown from seed containing the higher P concentration produced larger yields of dried whole tops in early August (69-day-old) for all levels of superphosphate drilled with the seed, the difference decreasing from about 45 to 10% as the level of superphosphate increased from 5 to 60 kg P/ha. By maturity (mid- November), however, plants grown from seed containing the higher P concentration in seed produced higher DM yields of tops and grain only when 5 and 20 kg P/ha superphosphate was drilled with the seed, the differences being about 40 and 20%, respectively.

The yield performance of lupin genotypes under terminal drought in a Mediterranean-type environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
R. J. French
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Seed Yields

With a view to identifying and understanding the genotypic differences in yield under terminal drought, a range of lupin genotypes representing narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) was studied in field experiments in the low rainfall Mediterranean environment of Western Australia over 3 seasons. In each year Merrit, the most common commercial cultivar in Western Australia, was used as the reference to which the yield of other genotypes was compared. In the first and third year, 5 or 6 genotypes were grown with and without irrigation from the start of pod set. In the second year, 9 genotypes were grown with irrigation and under a rainout shelter from the start of pod set. Detailed measurements were made of plant water status, leaf area and biomass production, flowering and podding date, and seed yield and its components.The timing and intensity of the terminal drought varied from average in 1998 and 1999 to extreme in 2000. Post-podding leaf water potential (Ψleaf) under rainfed conditions decreased to –2 MPa in 1998 and 1999 and below –2.5 MPa in 2000, whereas under supplementary irrigation it was maintained at –1.2 MPa in 1998 and 1999 and at –1.5 MPa in 2002.The seed yield of all genotypes under terminal drought varied from 24 to 66% of that with supplementary irrigation. In each year, the seed yield under rainfed conditions showed genotypic differences consistent with the timing and intensity of the development of terminal drought. Under conditions of terminal drought the seed yields of the narrow-leafed lupin cultivars Belara and Tallerack, and of the breeding line WALAN 2049, were higher than of Merrit by 29% in 1998. Tanjil, Belara, and Quilinock out-yielded Merrit by 33–53% in 1999 and Belara and Quilinock out-yielded Merrit by 80% in 2000. Harvest index was higher in Belara and Quilinock than in Merrit. Under both terminal drought conditions and supplemental irrigation, Belara and Quilinock had high seed yields that were associated with a greater number of seeds per pod and larger seed size. It is argued that early flowering and podding in Belara and Quilinock allowed more seeds to develop and fill before the terminal drought became more severe.

scholarly journals Simulating lupin development, growth, and yield in a Mediterranean environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imma Farré ◽  
Michael J. Robertson ◽  
Senthold Asseng ◽  
Robert J. French ◽  
Miles Dracup
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sowing Dates

Simulation of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) production would be a useful tool for assessing agronomic and management options for the crop. This paper reports on the development and testing of a model of lupin development and growth, designed for use in the cropping systems simulator, APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator). Parameters describing leaf area expansion, phenology, radiation interception, biomass accumulation and partitioning, water use, and nitrogen accumulation were obtained from the literature or derived from field experiments. The model was developed and tested using data from experiments including different locations, cultivars, sowing dates, soil types, and water supplies. Flowering dates ranged from 71 to 109 days after sowing and were predicted by the model with a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 4–5 days. Observed grain yields ranged from 0.5 to 2.7 t/ha and were simulated by the model with a RMSD of 0.5 t/ha. Simulation of a waterlogging effect on photosynthesis improved the model performance for leaf area index (LAI), biomass, and yield. The effect of variable rainfall in Western Australia and sowing date on yield was analysed using the model and historical weather data. Yield reductions were found with delay in sowing, particularly in water-limited environments. The model can be used for assessing some agronomic and management options and quantifying potential yields for specific locations, soil types, and sowing dates in Western Australia.

scholarly journals Activated Yeast Extract Enhances Growth, Anatomical Structure, and Productivity of Lupinus termis L. Plants under Actual Salinity Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Ragab S. Taha ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Bushra Ahmed Alhammad ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Seed Yields

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses that negatively limits anatomical structure, growth and the physiological and productivity traits of field crops. The productivity of lupine plants is severely restricted by abiotic stress, particularly, salinity in arid and semiarid regions. Activated yeast extract (AYE) can perform a vital role in the tolerance of environmental stress, as it contains phytohormones and amino acids. Thus, field experiments were conducted to explore the potential function of active yeast extract (0, 50, 75, and 100 mL AYE L−1) in mitigating the harmful impacts of salinity stress (EC = 7.65 dS m−1) on anatomical structure, growth, and the physiological and productivity traits of two lupine cultivars: Giza 1 and Giza 2. The different AYE treatments resulted in a substantial improvement in studied attributes, for example the growth, anatomical, physiological characteristics, and seed yields of treated lupine cultivars compared with untreated plants. Among the AYE doses, 75 mL L−1 significantly improved plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, total protein, and seed yields, and exposed the best anatomical attributes of the two lupine cultivars grown under saline stress. The exogenous application of 75 mL AYE L−1 was the most influential, and it surpassed the control results by 45.9% for 100-seed weight and 26.9% for seed yield per hectare. On the other hand, at a concentration of 75 mL L−1 AYE there was a decrease in the alkaloids and endogenous proline under the studied salinity stress conditions. Promoted salinity stress tolerance through sufficient AYE dose is a hopeful strategy to enhance the tolerance and improve productivity of lupine into salinity stress. Furthermore, the response of lupine to salinity stress appears to rely on AYE dose. The results proved that Giza 2 was more responsive to AYE than Giza 1, showing a better growth and higher yield, and reflecting further salinity tolerance than the Giza 1 cultivar.

scholarly journals A Long Journey of CICA-17 Quinoa Variety to Salinity Conditions in Egypt: Mineral Concentration in the Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Juan A. González ◽  
Leonardo Hinojosa ◽  
María I. Mercado ◽  
José-Luis Fernández-Turiel ◽  
Didier Bazile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Pattern Distribution ◽  
Induced Changes

Quinoa may be a promising alternative solution for arid regions, and it is necessary to test yield and mineral accumulation in grains under different soil types. Field experiments with Chenopodium quinoa (cv. CICA-17) were performed in Egypt in non-saline (electrical conductivity, 1.9 dS m−1) and saline (20 dS m−1) soils. Thirty-four chemical elements were studied in these crops. Results show different yields and mineral accumulations in the grains. Potassium (K), P, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, and Fe are the main elements occurring in the quinoa grains, but their concentrations change between both soil types. Besides, soil salinity induced changes in the mineral pattern distribution among the different grain organs. Sodium was detected in the pericarp but not in other tissues. Pericarp structure may be a shield to prevent sodium entry to the underlying tissues but not for chloride, increasing its content in saline conditions. Under saline conditions, yield decreased to near 47%, and grain sizes greater than 1.68 mm were unfavored. Quinoa may serve as a complementary crop in the marginal lands of Egypt. It has an excellent nutrition perspective due to its mineral content and has a high potential to adapt to semi-arid and arid environments.

Fast Determination of Phosphorus Concentration in Phosphogypsum Waste Using Calibration-Free LIBS in Air and Helium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Elsayed ◽  
Walid Tawfik ◽  
Ashraf E M Khater ◽  
Tarek S Kayed ◽  
Mohamed Fikry
Keyword(s):  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Calibration Free

Abstract This work represents a novel method to determine phosphorus (P) concentration in phosphogypsum (PG) waste samples using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A 50 mJ Q-switched Nd: YAG laser has generated the PG LIBS spectrum. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma evolution has been characterized by electron density Ne and electron temperature Te using the emission intensity and stark broadening for P I characteristic lines 213.61, 214.91, and 215.40 nm under non-purged (air) and purged (helium) conditions. It was found that both Te and Ne have significant changes linearly with P concentrations 4195, 5288, 6293, and 6905 ppm. The values of plasma Te and Ne increased from about 6900 to 10000 K and 1.1×1017 to 3.4×1017 cm− 3, respectively, for the non-purged PG. On the other hand, Te and Ne ranged from 8200 to 11000 K and 1.4×1017 to 3.5×1017 cm− 3, respectively, for the PG purged with helium. It is concluded that Te and Ne values represent a fingerprint plasma characterization for a given P concentration in PG samples, which can be used to identify P concentration without a PG's complete analysis. These results demonstrate a new achievement in the field of spectrochemical analysis of environmental applications.

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