scholarly journals Gender differences in agricultural productivity: evidence from maize farm households in southern Ethiopia

GeoJournal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girma Gezimu Gebre ◽  
Hiroshi Isoda ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Yuichiro Amekawa ◽  
Hisako Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Switching Treatment

Abstract This study examines the impact of gender differences on maize productivity in Dawuro Zone, southern Ethiopia. Our study addressed the limitations of the previous studies in two ways. First, the study separately assessed gender differences in productivity between de facto female-headed households and de jure female-headed households and revealed that female-headed households are not homogenous. Second, the study separately examined the impacts of the covariates on male-headed households and female-headed households using an exogenous switching treatment effect model. We find the existence of gender differences in maize productivity between male-headed households and female-headed households. The maize productivity of male-headed households was overall 44.3% higher than that of female-headed households. However, if female-headed households received the same return on their resources as male-headed households, their productivity would increase by 42.3%. This suggests agricultural policy should target female-headed households to help reduce the productivity gap between male-headed households and female-headed households. Finally, the distributions of the gender differentials between male-headed households and female-headed households are more pronounced at mid-levels of productivity.

scholarly journals Are Farms Located in Less-Favoured Areas Financially Sustainable? Empirical Evidence from Polish Farm Households

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1092
Author(s):  
Radosław Pastusiak ◽  
Michał Soliwoda ◽  
Magdalena Jasiniak ◽  
Joanna Stawska ◽  
Joanna Pawłowska-Tyszko
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The topic of farms that deal with environmental constraints is an ongoing agricultural policy issue, including within the Common Agricultural Policy. We propose empirical evidence based on a sample of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farm households, evaluate the influence of chosen factors on financially sustainable farm development and verify less-favoured area (LFA) farms’ growth compared with non-LFA households. To specify farm households, we use the Sustainable Growth Challenge (SGC) model and DuPont decomposition based on financial measures and indicators that were adopted from corporate finance. It is concluded that the differences in SGC and revenue growth values between LFA and non-LFA farms mainly results from the system of subsidising LFA farms that receive compensation for farming in areas with adverse environmental conditions. Generally, the impact of agricultural policies on LFA and non-LFA farms is significant and may weaken the effect on LFA. With the exception of education, other sociodemographic factors do not highly influence farm efficiency. Along with improvements in the quality of human capital (e.g., higher education level), awareness of subsidies, and debt and innovative solutions increases. The interest in precision agriculture and agriculture 4.0 is also growing, which directly translates into better technological and financial efficiency of farms.

scholarly journals Greek farm households: income inequality, poverty and distributional impact of farm income

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Karanikolas ◽  
Stavros Zografakis
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Distributional Impact ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper examines the incidence of income<br />inequality and poverty, and the impact of farm<br />income on inequality. A detailed typology of farm<br />households (FHs) is developed, based on Household<br />Budget Survey micro-data. Research findings<br />reveal enormous variations among households<br />with respect to income inequality and poverty.<br />While Marginal- and Pluriactive- FHs do not seem<br />to have an income problem, this is not the case<br />for Farm Households. Poverty is a widespread<br />phenomenon among Retired FHs. Farm income<br />and non-farm income generate a combined stabilization<br />effect, mitigating the overall inequality<br />within households. Policy implications of these<br />findings are discussed in the context of welfare<br />aspects of agricultural policy.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of EU common agricultural policy decoupling on farm households: Income vs. investment effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Viaggi ◽  
Meri Raggi ◽  
Vittorio Gallerani ◽  
Sergio Gomez y Paloma
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Does agro-processing adoption affect farm income and farm diversification? Empirical evidence from Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
Hung-Hao Chang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the factors associated with the adoption of agro-processing methods and to estimate their impact on farm income and farm diversification.Design/methodology/approachUsing a large-scale sample of 12,122 special crop farm households drawn from the 2015 Agricultural Census Survey in Taiwan, the semiparametric multivalued treatment effect model was estimated.FindingsThe authors found that agro-processing farm households obtain higher farm incomes than non-agro-processing farm households. Among the agro-processing methods, self-processing generates higher farm income than outsourced-processing. Moreover, farm households that adopt either agro-processing method are more likely to diversify into agritourism and other agribusinesses than non-agro-processing farms.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors could only access data on farm income and not on agro-processing costs. Future studies may address the impact of agro-processing on farm profitability if relevant data are available.Originality/valueVery few studies have examined the relationship between agro-processing, farm income and farm diversification. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first papers to examine the impact of different agro-processing practices on farm income and farm diversification.

Agricultural Policy Reform and Its Impact on Farm Households Income Inequality

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok K Mishra ◽  
Hisham El-Osta ◽  
Saleem Shaik
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Agricultural Policy Reform ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Program ◽  
Distribution Of Income

In the United States the 1996 agricultural policy reform ushered in market-oriented farm policies and also gave farmers a seven-year lump-sum payment that was not tied to production. Some scholars argue that farm program payments have changed the distribution of income among farm households. Our study uses a national farmlevel survey for 1996-2001 to investigate a) the distribution of income among farm households, b) the sources that contribute to income inequality, and c) the role of farm program payments in equalizing income. Results show a high but declining income inequality between 1996 and 2001. Among the income components that contributed the most to income inequality was an income component labeled Income from farming and all other sources. Findings further show that marginal increases in both off-farm labor income and farm program payments reduce income inequality. The impact of various income components on overall reduction in income inequality therefore depends on a household’s participation in off-farm work and government farm programs.

Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs

2005 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
E. Serova ◽  
O. Shick
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Inputs

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Decoupled Payments on Farm Production in Northern Ireland: An Instrumental Variable Fixed Effect Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3222
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju ◽  
Myles Patton ◽  
Siyi Feng
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
Decoupled Payments ◽  
Current Production ◽  
The Impact

The production stimulating impact of agricultural subsidies has been a well-debated topic in agricultural policy analysis for some decades. In light of the EU reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in year 2005 in which agricultural subsidies were decoupled from current production decisions and the modification to this payment in 2015, this study investigates the impact of decoupled payments under these two reforms on livestock production in Northern Ireland. The study uses a farm-level panel dataset covering 2008–2016 period and employs an instrumental variable fixed effect model to control for relevant sources of endogeneity bias. According to the empirical results, the production impacts of decoupled payments were positive and significant but with differential impacts across livestock production sectors, suggesting that decoupled payments still maintain a significant effect on agricultural production and provide an indication of the supply response to changes in decoupled payments.

Self perceived oro-facial behaviour and malocclusion among young adults in Hyderabad city

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasari Tejaswini ◽  
Suhas Kulkarni ◽  
Dolar Doshi ◽  
Adepu Srilatha
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAesthetic alterations in the face can be self-perceived and can affect quality of life in young adults.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of malocclusion on self- perceived oro-facial behaviour among young adults.MethodsA Cross sectional study was conducted among 638 young adults (aged 18–21 years) of Hyderabad city. One college from each of the five zones of the Hyderabad city (five colleges) were selected by simple random sampling procedure. A 21-item Oro-facial investment scale (OFIS) questionnaire assessing self-perceived oral health knowledge, attitude, practice and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) assessing the severity of malocclusion was used. Data were analysed with standard statistical software (SPSS, Statistical package for the social sciences, version 20.0). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMales had higher mean scores for knowledge (2.90 ± 0.49) than females (2.73 ± 0.82) and was statistically significant (p = 0.002*). No statistically significant gender differences were found in relation to attitude and practice. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference in all the three scores (knowledge, attitude, practice) with respect to age, with significantly high score for knowledge and practice among 18 year old subjects (p = 0.0001*; p = 0.0003* respectively) and attitude among 21 year old subjects (p = 0.0049*). No statistically significant age, gender differences were found in relation to DAI scores. Upon correlation, DAI significantly and positively correlated with knowledge (p = 0.03*) and attitude (p = 0.0001*).ConclusionThis study has shown significant impact of malocclusion on the self-perceived oro-facial behaviour.

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