Drivers of single-use plastic waste generation: lessons from packaged water consumers in Ghana

Bali is one of the islands with tourism potential that has grown rapidly. The fame of Bali Island tourism is well known to all corners of the world. Many of the people's daily activities become a tourist attraction for both domestic and foreign tourists. Every activity, especially those that give rise to this tourist attraction, produces waste both on a household and industrial scale. The waste produced is almost found in all sectors of activity, one of which is the tourism industry which is currently very much still moving. The increase in waste generation has prompted the government of Bali through the issuance of the Governor of Bali Regulation number 97 of 2018 concerning the limitation of single-use plastic waste, which shows the seriousness of the waste problem. Waste generation, especially in tourist attraction, has the potential to change the view of tourists on the image of Bali tourism. This research explores community movements both spontaneously and in an organized manner, such as the Trash Hero Indonesia community and other community activities that care about the high waste generation. It is hoped that alternative activities will be obtained to help reduce the generation of plastic waste that supports the implementation of Bali Governor Regulation number 97 of 2018. Activities from the community are expected to be able to maintain and provide a positive legacy for future generations.

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An Overview of Plastic Waste Generation and Management in Food Packaging Industries

Recycling ◽

10.3390/recycling6010012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Lindani Koketso Ncube ◽

Albert Uchenna Ude ◽

Enoch Nifise Ogunmuyiwa ◽

Rozli Zulkifli ◽

Isaac Nongwe Beas

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Global Demand ◽

High Population Growth ◽

Single Use ◽

The Impact ◽

Mixed Types ◽

Land Water

Over the years, the world was not paying strict attention to the impact of rapid growth in plastic use. This has led to unprecedented amounts of mixed types of plastic waste entering the environment unmanaged. Packaging plastics account for half of the global total plastic waste. This paper seeks to give an overview of the use, disposal, and regulation of food packaging plastics. Demand for food packaging is on the rise as a result of increasing global demand for food due to population growth. Most of the food packaging are used on-the-go and are single use plastics that are disposed of within a short space of time. The bulk of this plastic waste has found its way into the environment contaminating land, water and the food chain. The food industry is encouraged to reduce, reuse and recycle packaging materials. A wholistic approach to waste management will need to involve all stakeholders working to achieve a circular economy. A robust approach to prevent pollution today rather than handling the waste in the future should be adopted especially in Africa where there is high population growth.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF BALI GOVERNOR REGULATION NUMBER 97/2019 THROUGH A POSTMODERN APPROACH STUDY

E-Journal of Cultural Studies ◽

10.24843/cs.2020.v13.i03.p05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Sri Lestari ◽

I Wayan Ardika ◽

I Nyoman Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Cultural Capital ◽

Power Relations ◽

Structural Theory ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Point Of View ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Single Use ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Academic Study

This study talks about the meaning of journalists, intellectuals and cultural observers of the Koster Ace government Governor Regulation No. 97 of 2018 which began to be implemented at the end of 2018.This policy aims to serve as a guideline by the local government of Bali in formulating technical policies in the field of limiting plastic waste generation Disposable (PSP). This phenomenon is studied using a Postmodern approach, so that the methodology, theory, epistemology, and research objectives must be in sync with it. The methodology is taken from a genealogy method which is in sync with Foucault's theory of power relations of knowledge. Assisted by Bourdieu's generative structural theory. The goal is to get an understanding or meaning of the meaning of the regulation. Meaning in studies comes from 'from within' through the point of view of the actors who practice the meaning itself. Every form of meaningful practice is influenced by épistémè, reasoning, and experiences that shape the knowledge of its meaning as conceptualized in Foucault's theory and Bourdieu's cultural capital. Substantially, all interpreters agree that this regulation is one way to overcome the problem of single-use plastic waste (PSP), but there are still many weaknesses when it is implemented in the community. The weakness lies in the absence of an in-depth academic study before the regulation is implemented. As the essence of the conclusion, it can be seen that the meaning of journalists, intellectuals, and humanists for the governorship shows a contestation (struggle or resistance), but in it there is no visible negotiation of the dominant powers. Their meaning can be referred to as a form or reflection of the level of knowledge of each interpreter, which ultimately leads to productive powers towards Pergub No. 97 of 2018. Keywords: meaning, journalist, intellectual, humanist, governorate

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The production of valuable products and fuel from plastic waste in Africa

Discover Sustainability ◽

10.1007/s43621-021-00040-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Opoku Amankwa ◽

E. Kweinor Tetteh ◽

G. Thabang Mohale ◽

G. Dagba ◽

P. Opoku

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Road Construction ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Environmental Costs ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Sustainable Environment ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Us ◽

Shipping Containers

AbstractGlobal plastic waste generation is about 300 million metric tons annually and poses crucial health and environmental problems. Africa is the second most polluted continent in the world, with over 500 shipping containers of waste being imported every month. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report suggests that about 75% of this plastic waste ends up in landfills. However, landfills management is associated with high environmental costs and loss of energy. In addition, landfill leachates end up in water bodies, are very detrimental to human health, and poison marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is imperative to explore eco-friendly techniques to transform plastic waste into valuable products in a sustainable environment. The trade-offs of using plastic waste for road construction and as a component in cementitious composites are discussed. The challenges and benefits of producing liquid fuels from plastic waste are also addressed. The recycling of plastic waste to liquid end-products was found to be a sustainable way of helping the environment with beneficial economic impact.

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SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-induced PPE and single-use plastic waste generation scenario

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x20980828 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0734242X2098082

Author(s):

Md. Sazzadul Haque ◽

Shafkat Sharif ◽

Aseer Masnoon ◽

Ebne Rashid

Keyword(s):

Plastic Waste ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Effective Response ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Single Use ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Disposable Plastic ◽

Do So

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated both positive and negative effects on the environment. Major concerns over personal hygiene, mandated and ease in lockdown actions and slackening of some policy measures have led to a massive surge in the use of disposable personal protective equipment (PPE) and other single-use plastic items. This generated an enormous amount of plastic waste from both healthcare and household units, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Apart from the healthcare workers, the general public have become accustomed to using PPE. These habits are threatening the land and marine environment with immense loads of plastic waste, due to improper disposal practices across the world, especially in developing nations. Contaminated PPE has already made its way to the oceans which will inevitably produce plastic particles alongside other pathogen-driven diseases. This study provided an estimation-based approach in quantifying the amount of contaminated plastic waste that can be expected daily from the massive usage of PPE (e.g. facemasks) because of the countrywide mandated regulations on PPE usage. The situation of Bangladesh has been analysed and projections revealed that a total of 3.4 billion pieces of single-use facemask, hand sanitizer bottles, hand gloves and disposable polyethylene bags will be produced monthly, which will give rise to 472.30 t of disposable plastic waste per day. The equations provided for the quantification of waste from used single-use plastic and PPE can be used for other countries for rough estimations. Then, the discussed recommendations will help concerned authorities and policy makers to design effective response plans. Sustainable plastic waste management for the current and post-pandemic period can be imagined and acted upon.

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Waste generation as a side impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Communication on correct disposal of single-use face masks

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppqn0qp.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Débora Tomaszewski

Keyword(s):

Face Mask ◽

Side Impact ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Visual Aids ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

Global Spread ◽

Single Use ◽

Regional Authorities ◽

Primary Measure

The rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to urgent efforts to contain and mitigate transmission. The useof face masks became a primary measure to limit the spread, which increased the production and consequentwaste generation. It is estimated that globally 129 billion single-use face masks are discharged into the environment every month. Besides to add to already great concerns over plastic pollution, contaminated face masks not properly handled also poses a health risk. The health and environmental consequences caused by the inadequate disposal of single-use face masks are treated in this study as an eminent risk to be properly communicated. This study framed the waste generation as a side impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and analysed how the communication has been made regarding the correct disposal of single-use masks, with focus in users of public transport in Stockholm region. National and regional authorities are recognized as the main responsibles for the communication about correct disposal, together with manufacturers and suppliers of single-use face masks. Disclosure and informative material of four government authorities and instruction manuals of eight brands of single-use face masks are analysed according to: i) presence / absence of information (about the disposal); ii) type of communication (visual or written); iii) message transmitted and; ix) availability in other languages.It was found guidance about correct disposal of face mask in two thirds of the existing communication, that is mainly written and with few visual aids. Half of communication is made only in Swedish and with no sufficient focus on the importance of correct disposal neither with reference to trash bins with lid. It suggests that the current communication about how to disposesingle-use masks safelymay not be enough, which is affecting the perception of risk by the population and worsening the health and environmental consequencescaused by the inadequate disposal.

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Plastic Waste Management and Leakage in Latin America and the Caribbean

10.18235/0002873 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amy Brooks ◽

Jenna Jambeck ◽

Eliana Mozo-Reyes

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Latin America ◽

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Single Use ◽

Annual Estimate ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Business As Usual

As of 2017, 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic had been produced worldwide. Since about 40% is used in things that are thrown away relatively quickly (packaging and single use items), 6.4 billion metric tons had already become discarded materials needing to be managed. Only 9% of these discarded materials were recycled globally. The annual estimate of plastic entering our oceans globally is 5 to 13 million metric tons (MMT) per year. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has an extensive populated coast, 119,000 km of coastline and over 205 million people living within 50 km of that coastline. Waste management infrastructure is still under development in many countries. Economic growth without fully developed infrastructure can lead to increased plastic leakage. This report focuses on municipal solid waste as a source of plastic input into the environment in LAC. The reports estimates that total plastic waste available to enter the ocean in LAC in 2020 was 3.7 MMT . Under business-as-usual projections, the report anticipates that the regional quantity available to enter the oceans in 2030 will be 4.1 MMT and 4.4 MMT in 2050.

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Plastic waste

10.31219/osf.io/umr5s ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Phạm Hà Trang ◽

Hoang Truong Giang ◽

Nguyen Cam Duong

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Global Problem ◽

Single Use ◽

Plastic Products

Plastic pollution is an urgent global problem that threatens the entire ecosystem, causing climate change and many other consequences that humans have to bear. Therefore, citizens need to uphold their sense of responsibility, consciously change living habits, say no to single-use plastic products. Protecting the environment, limiting plastic waste is protecting ourselves.

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Environmental Policy for the Restriction on the Use of Plastic Products in Taiwan: Regulatory Measures, Implementation Status and COVID-19’s Impacts on Plastic Products Recycling

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments9010007 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Wen-Tien Tsai

Keyword(s):

Plastic Waste ◽

Household Waste ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Outbreak Period ◽

International Trends ◽

Regulatory Measures ◽

Implementation Status ◽

Plastic Containers ◽

Plastic Products

In response to international trends regarding the reduction in plastic waste (or plastic pollution), this work used the official statistics that were recently released, focusing on regulatory actions restricting the use of plastic products and/or the increase in recycling in Taiwan. In addition, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on plastic waste generation and plastic products’ recycling were also addressed in the present study. The results showed that the plastic compositions in the garbage slightly increased in recent years, suggesting that the effect of restrictions on the use of plastic products in Taiwan was not significant, even though the regulatory measures have been implemented since 2002. However, chlorine contents in the garbage were significantly increased in 2020. The increase could be attributed to the fact that kitchen waste (containing salt), household waste containing disinfectant (e.g., chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite) or PVC-made products were generated more during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the data also indicated that the monthly quantities of recycled plastic containers and other plastic products had no significant change since January 2020, especially in the outbreak period from May 2021 to July 2021.

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The impact and effectiveness of the general public wearing masks to reduce the spread of pandemics in the UK: a multidisciplinary comparison of single-use masks versus reusable face masks.

10.14324/111.444/000031.v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayse Lisa Allison ◽

Esther Ambrose-Dempster ◽

Teresa Domenech Aparsi ◽

Maria Bawn ◽

Miguel Casas Arredondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Material Flow ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Material Flow Analysis ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Cost Comparison ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Behavioural Research ◽

Single Use ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK government has mandated the use of face masks in various public settings and recommends the use of reusable masks to combat shortages of medically graded single-use masks in healthcare. To assist decision-making on the choice of masks for future pandemics, where shortages may not be a contributing factor, the UCL Plastic Waste Innovation Hub has carried out a multidisciplinary comparison between single-use and reusable masks based on their anatomy, standalone effectiveness, behavioural considerations, environmental impacts and costs. Although current single-use masks have a higher standalone effectiveness against bacteria and viruses, studies show that reusable masks have adequate performance in slowing infection rates of respiratory viruses. Material Flow Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment and cost comparison show that reusable masks have a lower environmental and economic impact than single-use masks. If every person in the UK uses one single-use mask each day for a year, it will create a total of 124,000 tonnes of waste, 66,000 tonnes of which would be unrecyclable contaminated plastic waste (the masks), with the rest being the recyclable packaging typically used for transportation and distribution of masks.Using reusable masks creates >85% less waste, generates 3.5 times lower impact on climate change and incurs 3.7 times lower costs. Further behavioural research is necessary to understand the extent and current practices of mask use; and how these practices affect mask effectiveness in reducing infection rates. Wearing single-use masks may be preferred over reusable masks due to perceptions of increased hygiene and convenience. Understanding behaviour towards the regular machine-washing of reusable masks for their effective reuse is key to maximise their public health benefits and minimise environmental and economic costs.

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