scholarly journals Incidence rate and financial burden of medical errors and policy interventions to address them: a multi-method study protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ahsani-Estahbanati ◽  
Leila Doshmangir ◽  
Behzad Najafi ◽  
Ali Akbari Sari ◽  
Vladimir Sergeevich Gordeev
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Medical Error ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMedical error is one of the most critical challenges facing medical services. They pose a substantial threat to patient safety, and their costs draw attention from policymakers, health care planners and researchers. We aim to make a realistic estimation of medical error incidence and related costs and identify factors influencing this incidence in Iranian hospitals. In the first phase of this multi-method study, through two reviews of systematic reviews and a meta-analysis, we will estimate the incidence of medical errors and the strategies to reduce them. We will extract available data among 41 hospitals supervised by the East Azerbaijan University in the second phase. We will also develop a model and use a Delphi method to predict medical errors incidence and calibrate our model output using the Monte Carlo simulation. We will compare this estimation with the incidence rate based on meta-analysis results from the first phase. In the third phase, we will investigate the relationship between several factors potentially influencing medical error incidence. In the fourth phase, we will estimate costs associated with medical errors by conducting a patient records review and matching those with claims related to medical errors. In the fifth phase, we will present a policy brief related to strategies for medical errors and associated costs reduction in Iran. Our findings could benefit Iranian and policymakers in other countries to reduce medical errors and associated costs.

scholarly journals Epistemology in Mulla Sadra Shirazi’s thought

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Muamer Halilovic
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mulla Sadra ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Mulla Sadra Shirazi (1571-1636) explains the process of knowledge in three different phases. Prior to this, he introduces the differences between the presential knowledge (al-?ilm al-huzuri) and acquired knowledge (al-?ilm al-husuli). The founder of the Islamic Transcendent Philosophy states that the first form of knowledge is direct, because no terms appear in it, whereas the second is realized by means of concepts. For this reason, epistemic error is not possible in the presential knowledge, because the subject of the knowledge is present in the knower. After this introduction, Mulla Sadra explains the process of certain knowledge. He claims that in the first phase man learns of his existence in a present and immediate way. In the second phase - which is also within the scope of the knowledge by presence - man considers the relationship between his existence and some aspects of his existence, and thus immediately draws conclusions and generalizes certain principles such as causality (al-?ilija) and causal relatedness (as-sinhija). Finally, in the third phase, he explains various divisions of acquired knowledge.

The Law and Political Objectives of the European Neighbourhood Policy in the East: A Difficult Marriage or Singing in Unison?

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 619-641
Author(s):  
Nariné Ghazaryan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Political ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
European Neighbourhood Policy ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is inherently political in nature. The rationalistic considerations underpinning its launch and subsequent elaboration have necessarily influenced the choice of the legal framework. At the same time, the rules regulating the conduct of EU foreign policy had a reciprocal impact on policy choices made. The legislative and political developments following the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty and the regional split in the policy arguably injected new dynamics into the interaction between the political and legal aspects of the ENP. The chapter traces the relationship between the political objectives and the legal framework of the ENP through three phases of its existence, with a focus on the eastern neighbourhood, comprising Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the South Caucasus, as the addressee of the exclusionary rationale of the policy. First, the formulation and the elaboration of the initiative is revisited as the first phase of the existence of the policy. The second phase concerns the ‘Eastern Partnership’ initiative established as a result of the regional split within the policy. The third phase refers to the law and political objectives of the ENP as translated into Article 8 TEU.

Muslim brotherhood and the Jordanian state: Containment or fragmentation bets (1999–2018)?

2019 ◽  
pp. 205789111989103
Author(s):  
Mohammed Torki Bani Salameh
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Political Pluralism ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Democratic Transformation ◽  
The Relationship

The Jordanian state was established on both secular and religious conservative principles. The approval of the establishment of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan was on 19 November 1945, and it was consistent with these principles. Until 1989, the relationship between the Muslim Brotherhood and the regime varied between mutual symbiotic relations, based on mutual support between the parties, and hostile and meta-interactions. In 1989, the process towards democratization came as a testing phase for the ability of the Jordanian political system to coexist with the manifestations of political pluralism, especially with the Muslim Brotherhood, their containment and diminishing influence. The Jordanian political system preferred to limit the strength of the Muslim Brotherhood and to retreat from democratic transformation, while keeping the channels of communication effective between the system and the Muslim Brotherhood. When King Abdullah II came to power in 1999, the relationship between the Muslim Brotherhood and the Jordanian political system went through three main stages. During the stage of the transition from political to security side (1999–2003), the political file of the Muslim Brotherhood was delivered to the General Intelligence Department, which tried to limit the strength of the group and restrict their activities. In the second phase (2004–2008), a cold confrontation between the two parties took place, and the parliamentary and municipal elections were rigged to prevent their access to parliament, which ended in mistrust between the parties. In the third phase (2009–2018), the Muslim Brotherhood used the boycott policy to deal with the royal initiatives and election entitlements. The regime used the policy of fragmentation from inside the group, encouraging divisions within the group instead of directly confronting or banning it.

scholarly journals The association between extreme temperature and pulmonary tuberculosis in Shandong Province, China, 2005–2016: a mixed method evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhen Chen ◽  
Hua Lu ◽  
Shengyang Zhang ◽  
Jia Yin ◽  
Xuena Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Extreme High Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The effects of extreme temperature on infectious diseases are complex and far-reaching. There are few studies to access the relationship of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with extreme temperature. The study aimed to identify whether there was association between extreme temperature and the reported morbidity of PTB in Shandong Province, China, from 2005 to 2016. Methods A generalized additive model (GAM) was firstly conducted to evaluate the relationship between daily reported incidence rate of PTB and extreme temperature events in the prefecture-level cities. Then, the effect estimates were pooled using meta-analysis at the provincial level. The fixed-effect model or random-effect model was selected based on the result of heterogeneity test. Results Among the 446,016 PTB reported cases, the majority of reported cases occurred in spring. The higher reported incidence rate areas were located in Liaocheng, Taian, Linyi and Heze. Extreme low temperature had an impact on the reported incidence of PTB in only one prefecture-level city, i.e., Binzhou (RR = 0.903, 95% CI: 0.817–0.999). While, extreme high temperature was found to have a positive effect on reported morbidity of PTB in Binzhou (RR = 0.924, 95% CI: 0.856–0.997) and Weihai (RR = 0.910, 95% CI: 0.843–0.982). Meta-analysis showed that extreme high temperature was associated with a decreased risk of PTB (RR = 0.982, 95% CI: 0.966–0.998). However, extreme low temperature was no relationship with the reported incidence of PTB. Conclusion Our findings are suggested that extreme high temperature has significantly decreased the risk of PTB at the provincial levels. The findings have implications for developing strategies to response to climate change.

The Law and Political Objectives of the European Neighbourhood Policy in the East: A Difficult Marriage or Singing in Unison?

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 619-641
Author(s):  
Nariné Ghazaryan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Political ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
European Neighbourhood Policy ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is inherently political in nature. The rationalistic considerations underpinning its launch and subsequent elaboration have necessarily influenced the choice of the legal framework. At the same time, the rules regulating the conduct of EU foreign policy had a reciprocal impact on policy choices made. The legislative and political developments following the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty and the regional split in the policy arguably injected new dynamics into the interaction between the political and legal aspects of the ENP.The chapter traces the relationship between the political objectives and the legal framework of the ENP through three phases of its existence, with a focus on the eastern neighbourhood, comprising Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the South Caucasus, as the addressee of the exclusionary rationale of the policy. First, the formulation and the elaboration of the initiative is revisited as the first phase of the existence of the policy. The second phase concerns the ‘Eastern Partnership’ initiative established as a result of the regional split within the policy. The third phase refers to the law and political objectives of the ENP as translated into Article 8 TEU.

Somatics Bodies on the Concert Stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-137
Author(s):  
Doran George
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Real Time ◽  
York City ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter looks at the relationship between Somatics training and the concert stage where its influence on dancers was increasingly evident. Focusing on New York City specifically, the chapter identifies three phases where Somatics impacted performance differently: first, as signaling the dancer’s real-time efforts to construct the dance in performance; second, as providing novel sources of movement; and third, as displaying a new standard of virtuosity. The chapter shows how in each of these phases the relationship of the choreographer to the performer shifted. In the first phase the choreographer and dancer were one and the same, processing the dance in real time, and this was seen as a radical alternative to midcentury modernist approaches in which the dancers showcased the choreographer’s vision. In the second phase, dancers deployed Somatics to demonstrate new vocabularies of movement and new ways of moving, not so much as a way to focus on dance making as to establish their unique artistic voices. In the third phase, the role of the choreographer was restored as the author of the dance, separate from the dancers, who then displayed the choreographer’s vision.

SABERES DOCENTES: REFERENCIAL PARA ORGANIZAÇÃO DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Sergio Rogério Azevedo Junqueira ◽  
Rodrigo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Teaching Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Current Stage

Este texto é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre o impacto da formação inicial para o efetivo trabalho da docência. Este estudo é consequência da quarta etapa do Projeto Formação Inicial e Continuada para o Professor do Ensino Religioso no Programa Formação Inicial e Continuada para a Diversidade, desenvolvido pelo Instituto de Pesquisa e Formação Educação e Religião (IPFER). Na primeira etapa foram identificadas propostas de formação inicial e continuada no cenário brasileiro; na segunda fase foi elaborada uma história da formação do professor de Ensino religioso nacionalmente; para a terceira fase foram elaborados estudos e estratégias de formação, a partir das redes sociais. A atual etapa, em parceria com o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Religião da Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA) e o IPFER, buscou compreender a relação entre a formação inicial e o cotidiano da sala de aula, utilizando como referencial os saberes docentes, de Maurice Tardif, em diálogo com um grupo de egressos para identificar esta relação. TEACHING KNOWLEDGE: REFERENCE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TEACHER EDUCATIONAbstractThis text is the result of a qualitative research on the impact of the initial formation for the effective teaching work. This study is a consequence of the fourth stage of the Programa Formação Inicial e Continuada para a Diversidade (Instituto de Pesquisa e Formação Educação e Religião, IPFER). In the first stage, a proposal for initial and continued formation in the Brazilian scenario was identified; in the second phase a history of the formation of the teacher of religious education was elaborated nationally; for the third phase studies and training strategies were elaborated from social networks. Current stage in partnership with the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Religião da Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA) and the IPFER to understand the relationship between training and daily classroom as a reference the knowledge teachers of Maurice Tardif in dialogue with a group of graduates to identify this relationship.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Roth ◽  
Allen I. Huffcutt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Employment Interviews ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

The Relationship Between Immorality and Cleansing

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedidiah Siev ◽  
Shelby E. Zuckerman ◽  
Joseph J. Siev
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In a widely publicized set of studies, participants who were primed to consider unethical events preferred cleansing products more than did those primed with ethical events ( Zhong & Liljenquist, 2006 ). This tendency to respond to moral threat with physical cleansing is known as the Macbeth Effect. Several subsequent efforts, however, did not replicate this relationship. The present manuscript reports the results of a meta-analysis of 15 studies testing this relationship. The weighted mean effect size was small across all studies (g = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.31]), and nonsignificant across studies conducted in independent laboratories (g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.19]). We conclude that there is little evidence for an overall Macbeth Effect; however, there may be a Macbeth Effect under certain conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document