Growth and resource allocation of Canna indica and Schoenoplectus validus as affected by interspecific competition and nutrient availability

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 589 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Zhang ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Kathy Meney
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Canna Indica

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in the Chemical Composition of Male and Female in the Dioecious Tree, Juniperus communis L., Growing under Different Nutritional Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8094
Author(s):  
Mariola Rabska ◽  
Emilia Pers-Kamczyc ◽  
Roma Żytkowiak ◽  
Dawid Adamczyk ◽  
Grzegorz Iszkuło
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Cone Development

We hypothesized that female and male individuals of the dioecious tree species, Juniperus communis, exhibit different strategies of resource allocation when growing under stress conditions. To test this hypothesis, we performed a two-year pot experiment on plants exposed to different levels of nutrient availability. Analysis of the plants revealed a higher concentration of carbohydrates, carbon, and phenolic compounds in needles of female plants, indicating that females allocate more resources to storage and defense than males. This difference was independent of nutrient availability. Differences in carbohydrates levels between the sexes were most often significant in June, during the most intensive phase of vegetative growth in both sexes, but could also be attributed to female resources investment in cone development. A higher level of nitrogen and other macroelements was observed in males than in females, which may have been connected to the accumulation of resources (nitrogen) for pollen grain production in males or greater allocation of these elements to seeds and cones in females. The interaction between sex and soil fertilization for the C:N ratio may also indicate sex-specific patterns of resource allocation and utilization, which is impacted by their availability during specific periods of J. communis annual life cycle.

scholarly journals Intraspecific variation in indirect plant-soil feedbacks as a driver of a wetland plant invasion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warwick J. Allen ◽  
Laura A. Meyerson ◽  
Andrew J. Flick ◽  
James T. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Legacy

ABSTRACTPlant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) can influence plant competition via direct interactions with pathogens and mutualists or indirectly via apparent competition/mutualisms (i.e., spillover to cooccurring plants) and soil legacy effects. Presently, it is unknown how intraspecific variation in PSFs interacts with the environment (e.g., nutrient availability) to influence competition between native and invasive plants. We conducted a fully crossed multi-factor greenhouse experiment to determine the effects of soil biota, interspecific competition, and nutrient availability on biomass of replicate populations from one native and two invasive lineages of common reed (Phragmites australis) and a single lineage of native smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Harmful soil biota consistently dominated PSFs involving all three P. australis lineages, reducing biomass by 10%, regardless of nutrient availability or S. alterniflora presence as a competitor. Spillover of soil biota derived from the rhizosphere of the two invasive P. australis lineages reduced S. alterniflora biomass by 7%, whereas soil biota from the native P. australis lineage increased S. alterniflora biomass by 6%. Interestingly, regardless of lineage, P. australis soil biota negatively affected S. alterniflora biomass when grown alone (i.e., a soil legacy), but had a positive impact when grown with P. australis, suggesting that P. australis is preferred by harmful generalist soil biota or facilitates S. alterniflora via spillover (i.e., apparent mutualism). Soil biota also reduced the negative impacts of interspecific competition on S. alterniflora by 13%, although it remained competitively inferior to P. australis across all treatments. Moreover, competitive interactions and the response to nutrients did not differ among P. australis lineages, indicating that interspecific competition and nutrient deposition may not be key drivers of P. australis invasion in North America. Taken together, although soil biota, interspecific competition, and nutrient availability appear to have no direct impact on the success of invasive P. australis lineages in North America, indirect spillover and soil legacies from P. australis occur and may have important implications for co-occurring native species and restoration of invaded habitats. Our study integrates multiple factors linked to plant invasions, highlighting that indirect interactions are likely commonplace in driving successful invasions and their impacts on the local community.

Variations with altitude in reproductive traits and resource allocation of three Tibetan species of Ranunculaceae

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhigang ◽  
Du Guozhen ◽  
Zhou Xianhui ◽  
Wang Mantang ◽  
Ren Qingji
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
The Self ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Carpel Number ◽  
Female Investment

We investigated the adaptive response of alpine plants to elevational gradients by examining reproductive traits and resource allocation of three species of Ranunculaceae with contrasting mating systems in alpine and subalpine populations on the eastern QinhaiTibetan Plateu. The results showed that (i) at alpine sites, the self-incompatible Trollius ranunculoides Hemsley tended to become limited by pollination rather than by nutrient availability, although the self-compatible Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore Maxim. Fl. Tang. and A. obtusiloba D.Don. seemed not to be limited by pollen availability; (ii) influences on the reproduction of these three species induced by high altitude were seen in different reproductive characters, and the influences were, to some extent, dependent on the plant. Female investment in the self-compatible A. rivularis and A. obtusiloba was influenced by altitude and plant size; with a much lower carpel number per flower and larger mean seed size in A. rivularis, and a much higher carpel number per flower and smaller mean seed size in A. obtusiloba, at a higher altitude. Floral investment in the self-incompatible T. ranunculoides was also influenced by altitude and plant size, with a smaller single-flower size and larger seed at the higher altitude. Results also showed that (iii) reproductive allocation to flowering and fruiting did not always decrease with altitude as predicted. This may be due to higher nutrient availability in soil at alpine sites. (iv) Although self-pollination may be an assurance mechanism alleviating pollination limitation, changes in allocation pattern, (i.e. the male-biased floral sexual allocation in A. rivularis and the higher allocation to attractive structure in A. obtusiloba) seem to promote pollinator visits at the high altitude.

scholarly journals Shade is the most important factor limiting growth of a woody range expander

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242003
Author(s):  
David Ward
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Eastern Redcedar

The expansion of woody plants into grasslands and old fields is often ascribed to fire suppression and heavy grazing, especially by domestic livestock. However, it is also recognized that nutrient availability and interspecific competition with grasses and other woody plants play a role in certain habitats. I examined potential factors causing range- and niche expansion by the eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana, the most widespread conifer in the eastern United States, in multifactorial experiments in a greenhouse. Historical records suggest that the eastern redcedar is a pioneer forest species, and may be replaced as the forest increases in tree density due to shading. Another possible factor that affects its distribution may be nutrient availability, which is higher in old fields and other disturbed lands than in undisturbed habitats. In its historic range, eastern redcedars are particularly abundant on limestone outcrops, often termed ‘cedar barrens’. However, the higher abundance on limestone could be due to reduced interspecific competition rather than a preference for high pH substrates. I manipulated shade, fertilization, lime, and interspecific competition with a common dominant tree, the post oak Quercus stellata. In a separate experiment, I manipulated fire and grass competition. I measured growth rates (height and diameter) and above- and belowground biomass at the end of both experiments. I also measured total non-structural carbohydrates and nitrogen in these plants. Shade was the most important factor limiting the growth rates and biomass of eastern redcedars. I also found that there were significant declines in nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates when shaded. These results are consistent with the notion that the eastern redcedar is a pioneer forest species, and that shade is the reason that these redcedars are replaced by other tree species. In the second experiment, I found that a single fire had a negative effect on young trees. There was no significant effect of competition with grass, perhaps because the competitive effect was shading by grasses and not nutrient depletion. Overall, the effects of shade were far more apparent than the effects of fire.

scholarly journals Metabolic traits predict the effects of warming on phytoplankton competition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvire Bestion ◽  
Bernardo Garcia-Carreras ◽  
Charlotte-Elisa Schaum ◽  
Samraat Pawar ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Freshwater Phytoplankton ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how changes in temperature affect interspecific competition is critical for predicting changes in ecological communities as the climate warms. Here we develop a simple theoretical model that links interspecific differences in metabolic traits, which capture the temperature-dependence of resource acquisition, to the outcome of pairwise competition in phytoplankton. We parameterised our model with metabolic traits derived from six species of freshwater phytoplankton and tested its ability to predict the outcome of competition in all pairwise combinations of the species in a factorial experiment, manipulating temperature and nutrient availability. The model correctly predicted the outcome of competition in 71% of the pairwise experiments. These results demonstrate that metabolic traits play a key role in determining how changes in temperature influence interspecific competition and lay the foundation for developing theory to predict the effects of warming in complex, multi-species communities.

How does host nutrition affect the development of a microparasitic infection?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
W.M. Brindle ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Phenotypic Responses ◽  
Animal Production Systems

Models that predict phenotypic responses from the interaction between genotypic descriptors and the environment are desirable both in the context of both animal production systems and evolutionary ecology. Nutrient availability is often related to the ability of a host to control an invading parasitic population and mounting an immune response is often associated with a nutritional cost. This cost is shown by the peripartuient break down of immunity (Houdijk et al., 2003) and reports of negative correlations between production and resistance traits (Rauw et al., 1998). The aim was to develop a model which is able to make predictions relating to the effects of resource allocation as determined by nutrition and genotype, on the course of microparasitic infection in farm animal hosts.

Folk-economic beliefs as moral intuitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

AbstractAlthough Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) cataloguing of and evolutionary explanations for folk-economic beliefs is important and valuable, the authors fail to connect their theories to existing explanations for why people do not think like economists. For instance, people often have moral intuitions akin to principles of fairness and justice that conflict with utilitarian approaches to resource allocation.

Mother or Wife?

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phia S. Salter ◽  
Glenn Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Church Membership ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Psychology Perspective ◽  
Cultural Ecological

Inspired by “Mother or Wife” African dilemma tales, the present research utilizes a cultural psychology perspective to explore the dynamic, mutual constitution of personal relationship tendencies and cultural-ecological affordances for neoliberal subjectivity and abstracted independence. We administered a resource allocation task in Ghana and the United States to assess the prioritization of conjugal/nuclear relationships over consanguine/kin relationships along three dimensions of sociocultural variation: nation (American and Ghanaian), residence (urban and rural), and church membership (Pentecostal Charismatic and Traditional Western Mission). Results show that tendencies to prioritize nuclear over kin relationships – especially spouses over parents – were greater among participants in the first compared to the second of each pair. Discussion considers issues for a cultural psychology of cultural dynamics.

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