scholarly journals Perceived Social Status and Suicidal Ideation in Maltreated Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Dickerson ◽  
Helen M. Milojevich ◽  
Jodi A. Quas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perceived Social Status

AbstractRecent decades have seen an alarming increase in rates of suicide among young people, including children and adolescents (“youth”). Although child maltreatment constitutes a well-established risk factor for suicidal ideation in youth, few efforts have focused on identifying factors associated with maltreated youths’ increased risk for suicidal ideation, especially across development. The present study examined the relations between maltreated youths' (N = 279, M = 12.06 years, 52% female, 53% Latinx) perceptions of their social status and suicidal ideation and compared those relations between pre-adolescents and adolescents. Findings revealed unique developmental patterns: Perceived social status was associated with suicidal ideation, but only in adolescents, who showed greater risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as lower ranked in society and lower risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as higher ranked in society. Findings have implications for scientific and practical efforts aimed at better understanding and preventing suicide in a high-risk developmental population.

scholarly journals Passive smoking as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive impairment: systematic review of observational studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E. Stirland ◽  
Chris I. O'Shea ◽  
Tom C. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:Smoking is a well-established risk factor for dementia, but the effects of passive smoking are unclear. We aimed to examine links between passive smoking and dementia or cognitive impairment.Methods:We searched seven medical research databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core Collection), Cochrane, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus. Studies were included if they examined measures of passive smoking and either cognitive impairment or dementia.Results:Of 1,425 records found, nine papers of varying methodologies were included after screening against inclusion criteria. Eight papers reported weak associations between passive smoking and either cognitive impairment or dementia. One paper only found this association alongside carotid artery stenosis. The papers’ quality was variable, with only two deemed high quality.Conclusion:There is limited weak observational evidence linking passive smoking with an increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. However, the studies were methodologically diverse and of inconsistent quality, preventing firm conclusions.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment Among Singletons and Multiple Births in Japan: A Population-Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshie Yokoyama ◽  
Terumi Oda ◽  
Noriyo Nagai ◽  
Masako Sugimoto ◽  
Kenji Mizukami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The occurrence of multiple births has been recognized as a risk factor for child maltreatment. However, few population-based studies have examined the relationship between multiple births and child maltreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of risk of child maltreatment among singletons and multiple births in Japan and to identify factors associated with increased risk. Methods: Using population-based data, we analyzed the database of records on child maltreatment and medical checkups for infants aged 1.5 years filed at Nishinomiya City Public Health Center between April 2007 and March 2011. To protect personal information, the data were transferred to anonymized electronic files for analysis. Results: After adjusting by logistic regression for each associated factor and gestation number, multiples themselves were not associated with the risk of child maltreatment. However, compared with singletons, multiples had a significantly higher rate of risk factors for child maltreatment, including low birth weight and neural abnormality. Moreover, compared with mothers of singleton, mothers of twins had a significantly higher rate of poor health, which is a risk factor of child maltreatment. Conclusion: Multiples were not associated with the risk of child maltreatment. However, compared with singletons, multiples and their mothers had a significantly higher rate of risk factors of child maltreatment.

The role of life events and psychological factors in the onset of first and recurrent mood episodes in bipolar offspring: results from the Dutch Bipolar Offspring Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2571-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Kemner ◽  
E. Mesman ◽  
W. A. Nolen ◽  
M. J. C. Eijckemans ◽  
M. H. J. Hillegers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Mood Episode ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundLife events are an established risk factor for the onset and recurrence of unipolar and bipolar mood episodes, especially in the presence of genetic vulnerability. The dynamic interplay between life events and psychological context, however, is less studied. In this study, we investigated the impact of life events on the onset and recurrence of mood episodes in bipolar offspring, as well as the effects of temperament, coping and parenting style on this association.MethodBipolar offspring (n = 108) were followed longitudinally from adolescence to adulthood. Mood disorders were assessed with: the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – Present and Lifetime Version or the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders; life events with the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule; and psychological measures using the Utrecht Coping List, Temperament and Character Inventory and short-EMBU (memories of upbringing instrument). Anderson–Gill models (an extension of the Cox proportional hazard model) were utilized.ResultsLife events were associated with an increased risk for first and, although less pronounced, subsequent mood episodes. There was a large confounding effect for the number of previous mood episodes; findings suggest a possible kindling effect. Passive coping style increased the risk of mood episode onset and recurrent episodes, but also altered the effect of life events on mood disorders. Harm avoidance temperament was associated with mood episode recurrence.ConclusionsLife events are especially a risk factor in the onset of mood disorders, though less so in recurrent episodes. Psychological features (passive coping and harm-avoidant temperament) contribute to the risk of an episode occurring, and also have a moderating effect on the association between life events and mood episodes. These findings create potential early intervention strategies for bipolar offspring.

scholarly journals Association of smoking and cancer with the risk of venous thromboembolism: the Scandinavian Thrombosis and Cancer cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikte Paulsen ◽  
Olga V. Gran ◽  
Marianne T. Severinsen ◽  
Jens Hammerstrøm ◽  
Søren R. Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Active Cancer

AbstractSmoking is a well-established risk factor for cancer, and cancer patients have a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Conflicting results have been reported on the association between smoking and risk of VTE, and the effect of smoking on VTE-risk in subjects with cancer is scarcely studied. We aimed to investigate the association between smoking and VTE in subjects with and without cancer in a large population-based cohort. The Scandinavian Thrombosis and Cancer (STAC) cohort included 144,952 participants followed from 1993–1997 to 2008–2012. Information on smoking habits was derived from self-administered questionnaires. Active cancer was defined as the first two years following the date of cancer diagnosis. Former smokers (n = 35,890) and those with missing information on smoking status (n = 3680) at baseline were excluded. During a mean follow up of 11 years, 10,181 participants were diagnosed with cancer, and 1611 developed incident VTE, of which 214 were cancer-related. Smoking was associated with a 50% increased risk of VTE (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.12–1.98) in cancer patients, whereas no association was found in cancer-free subjects (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.96–1.20). In cancer patients, the risk of VTE among smokers remained unchanged after adjustment for cancer site and metastasis. Stratified analyses showed that smoking was a risk factor for VTE among those with smoking-related and advanced cancers. In conclusion, smoking was associated with increased VTE risk in subjects with active cancer, but not in those without cancer. Our findings imply a biological interaction between cancer and smoking on the risk of VTE.

scholarly journals Relative impact of maternal depression and associated risk factors on offspring psychopathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Barker ◽  
William Copeland ◽  
Barbara Maughan ◽  
Sara R. Jaffee ◽  
Rudolf Uher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
Internalising Disorders ◽  
Depressed Mothers

BackgroundIn general, mothers with depression experience more environmental and family risk factors, and lead riskier lifestyles, than mothers who are not depressed.AimsTo test whether the exposure of a child to risk factors associated with mental health adds to the prediction of child psychopathology beyond exposure to maternal depression.MethodIn 7429 mother–offspring pairs participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the UK, maternal depression was assessed when the children were aged 1.5 years; multiple risk factor exposures were examined between birth and 2 years of age; and DSM-IV-based externalising and internalising diagnoses were evaluated when the children were 7.5 years of age.ResultsChildren of clinically depressed mothers were exposed to more risk factors associated with maternal mental health. Maternal depression increased diagnoses of externalising and internalising disorders, but a substantial portion of these associations was explained by increased risk factor exposure (41% for externalising and 37% for internalising disorders). At the same time, these risk exposures significantly increased the odds of both externalising and internalising diagnoses, over and above the influence of maternal depression.ConclusionsChildren of clinically depressed mothers are exposed to both maternal psychopathology and risks that are associated with maternal mental health. These results may explain why treating mothers with depression shows beneficial effects for children, but does not completely neutralise the increased risk of psychopathology and impairment.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Assessment of Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Perinatally HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2067
Author(s):  
Jason G. van Genderen ◽  
Malon Van den Hof ◽  
Claudia G. de Boer ◽  
Hans P. G. Jansen ◽  
Sander J. H. van Deventer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Characteristics

HIV is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD); therefore, perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) children potentially have a greater CVD risk at older age. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an established risk factor for CVD in the general population. To evaluate a potential increased CVD risk for PHIV children, we determined their lipid profiles including Lp(a). In the first substudy, we assessed the lipid profiles of 36 PHIV children visiting the outpatient clinic in Amsterdam between 2012 and 2020. In the second substudy, we enrolled 21 PHIV adolescents and 23 controls matched for age, sex and ethnic background on two occasions with a mean follow-up time of 4.6 years. We assessed trends of lipid profiles and their determinants, including patient and disease characteristics, using mixed models. In the first substudy, the majority of PHIV children were Black (92%) with a median age of 8.0y (5.7–10.8) at first assessment. Persistent elevated Lp(a) levels were present in 21/36 (58%) children (median: 374 mg/L (209–747); cut off = 300). In the second substudy, the median age of PHIV adolescents was 17.5y (15.5–20.7) and of matched controls 16.4y (15.8–19.5) at the second assessment. We found comparable lipid profiles between groups. In both studies, increases in LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol were associated with higher Lp(a) levels. A majority of PHIV children and adolescents exhibited elevated Lp(a) levels, probably associated with ethnic background. Nonetheless, these elevated Lp(a) levels may additionally contribute to an increased CVD risk.

scholarly journals Risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among medical students: A meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261785
Author(s):  
Chanhee Seo ◽  
Christina Di Carlo ◽  
Selina Xiangxu Dong ◽  
Karine Fournier ◽  
Kay-Anne Haykal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Factors Associated

Background Medical training poses significant challenge to medical student wellbeing. With the alarming trend of trainee burnout, mental illness, and suicide, previous studies have reported potential risk factors associated with suicidal behaviours among medical students. The objective of this study is to provide a systematic overview of risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) among medical students and summarize the overall risk associated with each risk factor using a meta-analytic approach. Methods Systemic search of six electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Education Source, Scopus, PsycInfo, and CINAHL was performed from database inception to March 19, 2021. Studies reporting original quantitative or epidemiological data on risk factors associated with SI and SA among undergraduate medical students were included. When two or more studies reported outcome on the same risk factor, a random-effects inverse variance meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall effect size. Results Of 4,053 articles identified, 25 studies were included. Twenty-two studies reported outcomes on SI risk factors only, and three studies on both SI and SA risk factors. Meta-analysis was performed on 25 SI risk factors and 4 SA risk factors. Poor mental health outcomes including depression (OR 6.87; 95% CI [4.80–9.82] for SI; OR 9.34 [4.18–20.90] for SA), burnout (OR 6.29 [2.05–19.30] for SI), comorbid mental illness (OR 5.08 [2.81–9.18] for SI), and stress (OR 3.72 [1.39–9.94] for SI) presented the strongest risk for SI and SA among medical students. Conversely, smoking cigarette (OR 1.92 [0.94–3.92]), family history of mental illness (OR 1.79 [0.86–3.74]) and suicidal behaviour (OR 1.38 [0.80–2.39]) were not significant risk factors for SI, while stress (OR 3.25 [0.59–17.90]), female (OR 3.20 [0.95–10.81]), and alcohol use (OR 1.41 [0.64–3.09]) were not significant risk factors for SA among medical students. Conclusions Medical students face a number of personal, environmental, and academic challenges that may put them at risk for SI and SA. Additional research on individual risk factors is needed to construct effective suicide prevention programs in medical school.

Abstract W P130: Relationship Between Risk Factor Control and Vascular Events in the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) Trial

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya N Turan ◽  
Azhar Nizam ◽  
Michael J Lynn ◽  
Jean Montgomery ◽  
Colin P Derdeyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Intracranial Stenosis ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Risk Factor Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aggressive Medical Management

Background and Purpose: Symptomatic intracranial stenosis patients with poorly controlled cholesterol and blood pressure had an increased risk of vascular events in WASID. Therefore, SAMMPRIS aggressive medical management protocols targeted these risk factors. We sought to determine if intensive risk factor control in SAMMPRIS resulted in lower risk of vascular events during follow-up. Methods: Data on 227 SAMMPRIS patients randomized to aggressive medical management alone were used for these analyses. Vascular risk factors were recorded at baseline, 30 days, and every 4 months. Additional follow-up and close-out visit data were also included. For each patient, values for all risk factor measures (from baseline until the time of an event) were averaged and dichotomized based on the risk factor target. Time to event curves for a vascular event (stroke, MI, and vascular death) were compared between subjects with and without risk factor control using the log-rank test and hazard ratios were calculated with Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The univariate analyses are shown in the table. Subjects with mean follow-up SBP < 140 mm Hg (< 130 for diabetics), LDL < 70 mg/dL, and at least moderate exercise had lower risk of vascular events compared to those who did not achieve those targets. Control of other risk factors (HgA1c, smoking, non-HDL, and Body Mass Index) did not have a significant impact on outcome. Conclusions: Well controlled SBP and LDL during follow-up were predictors of lower vascular events in SAMMPRIS, confirming that SBP and LDL should be aggressively treated in patients with intracranial stenosis to prevent future vascular events. Exercise participation was also associated with fewer vascular events and should be strongly encouraged.

A Bayesian multilevel analysis of the longitudinal associations between relationship quality and suicidal ideation and attempts among youth with bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Sewall ◽  
Jeffrey M. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

ABSTRACTBackground: Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors and frequently experience interpersonal impairment, which is a risk factor for suicide. Yet, no study to date has examined the longitudinal associations between relationship quality in family/peer domains and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth with BD. Thus, we investigated how between-person differences--reflecting the average relationship quality across time--and within-person changes, reflecting recent fluctuations in relationship quality, act as distal and/or proximal risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts. Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth Study (N=413). Relationship quality variables were decomposed into stable (i.e. average) and varying (i.e. recent) components and entered, along with major clinical covariates, into separate Bayesian multilevel models predicting SI and suicide attempt. We also examined how the relationship quality effects interacted with age and sex. Results: Poorer average relationship quality with parents (β= -0.33, 95% Bayesian Highest Density Interval (HDI) [-0.54, -0.11]) or friends (β= -0.33, 95% HDI [-0.55, -0.11]) were longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI but not suicide attempt. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents (β= -0.10, 95% HDI [-0.19, -0.03]) and, to a lesser extent, friends (β= -0.06, 95% HDI [-0.15, 0.03]), were also longitudinally associated with increased risk of SI. Worsening recent relationship quality with parents may also be associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (β= -0.13, 95% HDI [-0.29, 0.03]). The effects of certain relationship quality variables were moderated by gender but not age. Conclusions: Among youth with BD, having poorer average relationship quality with peers and/or parents represents a distal risk factor for SI but not suicide attempts. Additionally, worsening recent relationship quality with parents that is may be a time-sensitive indicator of increased risk for SI or suicide attempt.

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