The impact of apiculture on the genetic structure of wild honeybee populations (Apis mellifera) in Sudan

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogbel A. A. El-Niweiri ◽  
Robin F. A. Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Review on Sublethal Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera), Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Di Noi ◽  
Silvia Casini ◽  
Tommaso Campani ◽  
Giampiero Cai ◽  
Ilaria Caliani
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Honey bees and the pollination services they provide are fundamental for agriculture and biodiversity. Agrochemical products and other classes of contaminants, such as trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contribute to the general decline of bees’ populations. For this reason, effects, and particularly sublethal effects of contaminants need to be investigated. We conducted a review of the existing literature regarding the type of effects evaluated in Apis mellifera, collecting information about regions, methodological approaches, the type of contaminants, and honey bees’ life stages. Europe and North America are the regions in which A. mellifera biological responses were mostly studied and the most investigated compounds are insecticides. A. mellifera was studied more in the laboratory than in field conditions. Through the observation of the different responses examined, we found that there were several knowledge gaps that should be addressed, particularly within enzymatic and molecular responses, such as those regarding the immune system and genotoxicity. The importance of developing an integrated approach that combines responses at different levels, from molecular to organism and population, needs to be highlighted in order to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic contamination on this pollinator species.

scholarly journals Impact of cyclones on hard coral and metapopulation structure, connectivity and genetic diversity of coral reef fish

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Gerlach ◽  
Philipp Kraemer ◽  
Peggy Weist ◽  
Laura Eickelmann ◽  
Michael J. Kingsford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Metapopulation Structure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCyclones have one of the greatest effects on the biodiversity of coral reefs and the associated species. But it is unknown how stochastic alterations in habitat structure influence metapopulation structure, connectivity and genetic diversity. From 1993 to 2018, the reefs of the Capricorn Bunker Reef group in the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef were impacted by three tropical cyclones including cyclone Hamish (2009, category 5). This resulted in substantial loss of live habitat-forming coral and coral reef fish communities. Within 6–8 years after cyclones had devastated, live hard corals recovered by 50–60%. We show the relationship between hard coral cover and the abundance of the neon damselfish (Pomacentrus coelestis), the first fish colonizing destroyed reefs. We present the first long-term (2008–2015 years corresponding to 16–24 generations of P. coelestis) population genetic study to understand the impact of cyclones on the meta-population structure, connectivity and genetic diversity of the neon damselfish. After the cyclone, we observed the largest change in the genetic structure at reef populations compared to other years. Simultaneously, allelic richness of genetic microsatellite markers dropped indicating a great loss of genetic diversity, which increased again in subsequent years. Over years, metapopulation dynamics were characterized by high connectivity among fish populations associated with the Capricorn Bunker reefs (2200 km2); however, despite high exchange, genetic patchiness was observed with annual strong genetic divergence between populations among reefs. Some broad similarities in the genetic structure in 2015 could be explained by dispersal from a source reef and the related expansion of local populations. This study has shown that alternating cyclone-driven changes and subsequent recovery phases of coral habitat can greatly influence patterns of reef fish connectivity. The frequency of disturbances determines abundance of fish and genetic diversity within species.

scholarly journals Impact of Nosema Disease and American Foulbrood on Gut Bacterial Communities of Honeybees Apis mellifera

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Poonnawat Panjad ◽  
Rujipas Yongsawas ◽  
Chainarong Sinpoo ◽  
Chonthicha Pakwan ◽  
Phakamas Subta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pathogenic Infection

Honeybees, Apis mellifera, are important pollinators of many economically important crops. However, one of the reasons for their decline is pathogenic infection. Nosema disease and American foulbrood (AFB) disease are the most common bee pathogens that propagate in the gut of honeybees. This study investigated the impact of gut-propagating pathogens, including Nosema ceranae and Paenibacillus larvae, on bacterial communities in the gut of A. mellifera using 454-pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing results showed that N. ceranae was implicated in the elimination of Serratia and the dramatic increase in Snodgrassella and Bartonella in adult bees’ guts, while bacterial communities of P. larvae-infected larvae were not affected by the infection. The results indicated that only N. ceranae had an impact on some core bacteria in the gut of A. mellifera through increasing core gut bacteria, therefore leading to the induction of dysbiosis in the bees’ gut.

scholarly journals Presence and Prevalence of Viruses in Local and Migratory Honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Massachusetts

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (24) ◽  
pp. 7862-7865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Welch ◽  
Francis Drummond ◽  
Sunil Tewari ◽  
Anne Averill ◽  
John P. Burand
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Black Queen Cell Virus ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Migratory and local bees in Massachusetts were analyzed for seven viruses. Three were detected: black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and sacbrood virus (SBV). DWV was most common, followed closely by BQCV and then by SBV. BQCV and SBV were present at significantly higher rates in the migratory bees assayed, bringing into question the impact that these bees have on the health of local bee populations.

Population genetic structure and dispersal of Pinus occidentalis in the Dominican Republic by chloroplastic SSR with implications for its conservation, management, and reforestation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Rodríguez de Francisco ◽  
Rosanna Carreras-De León ◽  
Rafael M. Navarro Cerrillo ◽  
Liz A. Paulino-Gervacio ◽  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pinus Occidentalis

<i>Pinus occidentalis</i> is the dominant species of forest ecosystems in the Dominican Republic, located between 200 and 3000 meters above sea level, with extensive and overexploited natural populations. However, over the years, various restoration plans have been performed, which could affect the genetic structure of <i>P. occidentalis</i>. Despite being the species with the highest occurrence in the Dominican forests, there is no existing information on genetic structure and molecular characterization among natural populations with limited information on both phenological and productive characterization. In this study, the genetic structure, diversity, and gene flow of the five <i>P. occidentalis</i> natural populations of the Dominican Republic were determined using microsatellite markers. A total of 145 individuals were genotyped with eight polymorphic chloroplastic microsatellites, producing an average of 41 haplotypes with high genetic diversity across populations (H<sub>E</sub> = 0.90). Significant population genetic structure was found between populations (F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.123). These results reflect the impact of reforestation programs on natural populations and diluting the natural genetic signature. Analysis of population genetic data is, therefore, crucial for the breeding and conservation programs of <i>P. occidentalis</i> in the country.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of Selected Plant Water Extracts on a Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Larvae Model

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Roksana Kruszakin ◽  
Paweł Migdal
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
The Impact

So far, larval rearing in vitro has been an important method in the assessment of bee toxicology, particularly in pesticide risk assessment. However, natural products are increasingly used to control honey bee pathogens or to enhance bee immunity, but their effects on honey bee larvae are mostly unknown. In this study, laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of including selected aqueous plant infusions in the diet of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae in vitro. The toxicity of infusions from three different plant species considered to be medicinal plants was evaluated: tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.), greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The impact of each on the survival of the larvae of honey bees was also evaluated. One-day-old larvae were fed a basal diet consisting of distilled water, sugars (glucose and fructose), yeast extract, and freeze-dried royal jelly or test diets in which distilled water was replaced by plant infusions. The proportion of the diet components was adjusted to the age of the larvae. The larvae were fed twice a day. The experiment lasted seven days. Significant statistical differences in survival rates were found between groups of larvae (exposed or not to the infusions of tansy, greater celandine, and coriander). A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the survival rate was observed in the group with the addition of a coriander herb infusion compared to the control. These results indicate that plant extracts intended to be used in beekeeping should be tested on all development stages of honey bees.

scholarly journals Intraspecific divergences and phylogeography of Panzerina lanata (Lamiaceae) in Northwest China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfen Zhao ◽  
Hongxiang Zhang ◽  
Borong Pan ◽  
Mingli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Helan Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Climactic fluctuations during the Quaternary played a crucial role in genetic diversity and population genetic structure of many plant species in northwestern China. In order to understand the impact of climate change on herbaceous plants, we studied Panzerina lanata (Lamiaceae), a widely distributed species. Two chloroplast DNA intergenic spacers (trnH-psbA and rpoB-trnC) were used to sequence 269 individuals from 27 populations and seven haplotypes were identified. Genetic structure and demographic characteristics were estimated using AMOVA, neutrality tests, and mismatch distribution analyses. The divergence times between the seven haplotypes were estimated using Beast. Our results revealed high levels of total genetic diversity (HT = 0.673±0.0869) and low levels of average within-population genetic diversity (HS = 0.033±0.0214). The analysis of molecular variance indicated major genetic differentiation among the three groups: northern, central, and eastern group. The species distribution modeling and demographic analysis indicated that P. lanata has not experience a recent range expansion. The divergence time within P. lanata occurred between the early Pleistocene and the late Pleistocene, which coincides with aridification and the expansion of the deserts in northwestern China that resulted in species diversification and habitat fragmentation. In addition, we speculate that the deserts and the Helan Mountains acted as effective geographic barriers that led to intraspecific diversity.

scholarly journals The role of Central American barriers in shaping the evolutionary history of the northernmost glassfrog,Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni(Anura: Centrolenidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Mendoza ◽  
Wilmar Bolívar-García ◽  
Ella Vázquez-Domínguez ◽  
Roberto Ibáñez ◽  
Gabriela Parra Olea
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Central America ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Central American ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The complex geological history of Central America has been useful for understanding the processes influencing the distribution and diversity of multiple groups of organisms. Anurans are an excellent choice for such studies because they typically exhibit site fidelity and reduced movement. The objective of this work was to identify the impact of recognized geographic barriers on the genetic structure, phylogeographic patterns and divergence times of a wide-ranging amphibian species,Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni. We amplified three mitochondrial regions, two coding (COI and ND1) and one ribosomal (16S), in samples collected from the coasts of Veracruz and Guerrero in Mexico to the humid forests of Chocó in Ecuador. We examined the biogeographic history of the species through spatial clustering analyses (Geneland and sPCA), Bayesian and maximum likelihood reconstructions, and spatiotemporal diffusion analysis. Our data suggest a Central American origin ofH. fleischmanniand two posterior independent dispersals towards North and South American regions. The first clade comprises individuals from Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and the sister speciesHyalinobatrachium tatayoi; this clade shows little structure, despite the presence of the Andes mountain range and the long distances between sampling sites. The second clade consists of individuals from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and eastern Honduras with no apparent structure. The third clade includes individuals from western Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico and displays deep population structure. Herein, we synthesize the impact of known geographic areas that act as barriers to glassfrog dispersal and demonstrated their effect of differentiatingH. fleischmanniinto three markedly isolated clades. The observed genetic structure is associated with an initial dispersal event from Central America followed by vicariance that likely occurred during the Pliocene. The southern samples are characterized by a very recent population expansion, likely related to sea-level and climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene, whereas the structure of the northern clade has probably been driven by dispersal through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and isolation by the Motagua–Polochic–Jocotán fault system and the Mexican highlands.

Staying close: short local dispersal distances on a managed forest of two Patagonian Nothofagus species

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Sola ◽  
Verónica El Mujtar ◽  
Leonardo Gallo ◽  
Giovanni G Vendramin ◽  
Paula Marchelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Gene Dispersal ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Understanding the impact of management on the dispersal potential of forest tree species is pivotal in the context of global change, given the implications of gene flow on species evolution. We aimed to determine the effect of logging on gene flow distances in two Nothofagus species from temperate Patagonian forests having high ecological relevance and wood quality. Therefore, a total of 778 individuals (mature trees and saplings) of Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua, from a single plot managed 20 years ago (2.85 hectares), were mapped and genotyped at polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Historical estimates of gene dispersal distance (based on fine-scale spatial genetic structure) and contemporary estimates of seed and pollen dispersal (based on spatially explicit mating models) were obtained. The results indicated restricted gene flow (gene distance ≤ 45 m, both pollen and seed), no selfing and significant seed and pollen immigration from trees located outside the studied plot but in the close surrounding area. The size of trees (diameter at breast height and height) was significantly associated with female and/or male fertility. The significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure was consistent with the restricted seed and pollen dispersal. Moreover, both estimates of gene dispersal (historical and contemporary) gave congruent results. This suggests that the recent history of logging within the study area has not significantly influenced on patterns of gene flow, which can be explained by the silviculture applied to the stand. The residual tree density maintained species composition, and the homogeneous spatial distribution of trees allowed the maintenance of gene dispersal. The short dispersal distance estimated for these two species has several implications both for understanding the evolution of the species and for defining management, conservation and restoration actions. Future replication of this study in other Nothofagus Patagonian forests would be helpful to validate our conclusions.

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