Synthesis of WSe2 Nanorods by Selenium Powder Precursor for Photocatalytic Application and Fuel Additive

Nanohybrids, made up of Bismuth ferrites/Carbon allotropes, are extensively used in photocatalytic applications nowadays. Our work proposes a nanohybrid system composed of Bismuth ferrite nanoparticles with two-dimensional (2D) MXene sheets namely, the BiFeO3 (BFO)/Ti3C2 (MXene) nanohybrid for enhanced photocatalytic activity. We have fabricated the BFO/MXene nanohybrid using simple and low cost double solvent solvothermal method. The SEM and TEM images show that the BFO nanoparticles were attached onto the MXene surface and in the inter-layers of two-dimensional (2D) MXene sheets. The photocatalytic application is tested for the visible light irradiation which showed the highest efficiency among all pure-BFO based photocatalysts, i.e. 100% degradation in 42 min for organic dye (Congo Red) and colorless aqueous pollutant (acetophenone) in 150 min, respectively. The present BFO-based hybrid system exhibited the large surface area of 147 m2g-1measured via Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) sorption-desorption technique, and is found to be largest among BFO and its derivatives. Also, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate large electron-hole pair generation. Fast and efficient degradation of organic molecules is supported by both factors; larger surface area and lower electron-hole recombination rate. The BFO/MXene nanohybrid presented here is a highly efficient photocatalyst compared to other nanostructures based on pure BiFeO3 which makes it a promising candidate for many future applications.

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A Solvent Free Synthetic Route for Cerium(IV) Metal-Organic Frame-works with UiO-66 Architecture and Their Photocatalytic Application

10.26434/chemrxiv.9199634.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Campanelli ◽

Tiziana Del Giacco ◽

Filippo De Angelis ◽

Edoardo Mosconi ◽

Marco Taddei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Density Functional ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Solvent Free ◽

Cerium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Benzylic Alcohols ◽

Near Ultraviolet ◽

Photocatalytic Application ◽

Activity Density ◽

Ultraviolet Light Irradiation ◽

Metal Organic

<div> A novel solvent-free synthesis for Ce-UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is presented. The MOFs are obtained by simply grinding the reagents, cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and the carboxylic linkers, in a mortar for few minutes with the addition of a small amount of acetic acid (AcOH) as modulator (1.75 eq, o.1 ml). The slurry is then transferred into a 1 ml vial and heated at 120°C for 1 day. The MOFs have been characterized for their composition, crystallinity and porosity and employed as heterogenous catalysts for the photo-oxidation reaction of substituted benzylic alcohols to benzaldaldehydes under near ultraviolet light irradiation. The catalytic performances, such as yield, conversion and kinetics, exceed those of similar systems studied by chemical oxidation and using Ce-MOF as catalyst. Moreover, the MOFs were found to be reusable up to three cycles without loss of activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations gave an estimation of the band-gap shift due to the different nature of the linkers used and provide useful information on the catalytic activity experimentally observed. </div>

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Preparation and photocatalytic performance of metallic Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 composite

Oxford Open Materials Science ◽

10.1093/oxfmat/itab005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanxiang Chen ◽

Jianjian Yi ◽

Zhao Mo ◽

Yanhua Song ◽

Wenshu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Separation Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Metal Sulfide ◽

Electron Hole ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Photocatalytic Application ◽

Light Utilization ◽

Ternary Metal ◽

Key Issues

Abstract Photocatalysis technology has potential application in the field of energy and environment. How to expand visible light utilization and promote the separation efficiency of the carriers are the key issues for the high active photocatalysts preparation and future practical applications. In this work, a ternary metal sulfide Nb0.9Ta0.1S2 was prepared and used as an electron collector in the photocatalytic application. As a result, the generated electrons are quickly transferred to the surface of the composite to participate in the reaction. It was demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of 2D-C3N4 was enhanced after the modification of Nb0.9Ta0.1S2. The Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 composite material was synthesized by solvothermal method. The composition of 5% Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 showed the highest H2 evolution rate of 1961.6 μmolg−1h−1, which was 6.6 times that of 2D-C3N4. The 15% Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 exhibited the best activity in Rhodamine B degradation rate of 97% in 2 h, which is 50% higher than that of 2D-C3N4. Nb0.9Ta0.1S2/2D-C3N4 can be used as electron trap to promote the effective separation of electron–hole pairs. This work provides benchmarks in exploring low-cost and efficient cocatalyst.

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A comprehensive review of the influences of nanoparticles as a fuel additive in an internal combustion engine (ICE)

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2020-0104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1326-1349

Author(s):

Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof ◽

Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽

Yutaka Asako ◽

Wan Mohd. Arif Aziz Japar ◽

Saiful Bahri Mohamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combustion Engine ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

High Energy ◽

Combustion Efficiency ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Future Research ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Fuel Additive ◽

Engine Combustion ◽

Research Findings

Abstract Nanofluid is a colloidal mixture consisting of nano-sized particles dispersed in a liquid medium. It improves heat transfer properties and promotes high energy efficiency in a wide spectrum of engineering applications. In recent years, particularly in the automotive industry, the addition of nanofluid in diesel/biodiesel as an additive for ICE has become an attractive approach to promote enhanced combustion efficiency and emission reduction due to their superior thermophysical properties. Many researchers have previously demonstrated that the addition of nanoparticles in diesel/biodiesel fuel improved the overall engine combustion characteristics. As a whole, this study aims to summarize the recent research findings related to the effect of nanoparticles on the fuel properties and engine combustion efficiency. Furthermore, different types of additive blended with varying fuel properties are also compared and discussed. Lastly, the advantages and prospects of using nanofluid as an additive fuel are summarized for future research opportunities.

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Methoxy‐methylheptane as a cleaner fuel additive: An energy‐ and cost‐efficient enhancement for separation and purification units

Energy Science & Engineering ◽

10.1002/ese3.894 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arif Hussain ◽

Muhammad Abdul Qyyum ◽

Le Quang Minh ◽

Amjad Riaz ◽

Junaid Haider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Additive ◽

Separation And Purification ◽

Cost Efficient

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The Synergy of Two Biofuel Additives on Combustion Process to Simultaneously Reduce NOx and PM Emissions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14102784 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2784

Author(s):

Jerzy Cisek ◽

Szymon Lesniak ◽

Winicjusz Stanik ◽

Włodzimierz Przybylski

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Combustion Rate ◽

Combustion Process ◽

The Other ◽

Fuel Additive ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Synergy Effect ◽

Engine Exhaust ◽

Other Hand ◽

Heat Released

The article presents the results of research on the influence of two fuel additives that selectively affect the combustion process in a diesel engine cylinder. The addition of NitrON® reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx), due to a reduction in the kinetic combustion rate, at the cost of a slight increase in the concentration of particulate matter (PM) in the engine exhaust gas. The Reduxco® additive reduces PM emissions by increasing the diffusion combustion rate, while slightly increasing the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust gas. Research conducted by the authors confirmed that the simultaneous use of both of these additives in the fuel not only reduced both NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas but additionally the reduction of NOx and PM emissions was greater than the sum of the effects of these additives—the synergy effect. Findings indicated that the waveforms of the heat release rate (dQ/dα) responsible for the emission of NOx and PM in the exhaust gas differed for the four tested fuels in relation to the maximum value (selectively and independently in the kinetic and diffusion stage), and they were also phase shifted. Due to this, the heat release process Q(α) was characterized by a lower amount of heat released in the kinetic phase compared to fuel with NitrON® only and a greater amount of heat released in the diffusion phase compared to fuel with Reduxco® alone, which explained the lowest NOx and PM emissions in the exhaust gas at that time. For example for the NOx concentration in the engine exhaust: the Nitrocet® fuel additive (in the used amount of 1500 ppm) reduces the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 18% compared to the base fuel. The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel (1500 ppm) unfortunately increases the NOx concentration by up to 20%. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel, containing both additives simultaneously, is characterized, thanks to the synergy effect, by the lowest NOx concentration (reduction by 22% in relation to the base). For example for PM emissions: the Nitrocet® fuel additive does not significantly affect the PM emissions in the engine exhaust (up to a few per cent compared to the base fuel). The addition of a Reduxco® catalyst to the fuel greatly reduces PM emissions in the engine exhaust, up to 35% compared to the base fuel. On the other hand, the combustion of the complete tested fuel containing both additives simultaneously is characterized by the synergy effect with the lowest PM emission (reduction of 39% compared to the base fuel).

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Synthesis of n-butyl levulinate as a fuel additive using bimetallic Zr/Al catalysts supported on mesoporous silica: Applying experimental design to optimize the reaction conditions

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126885 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126885

Author(s):

Zahra Babaei ◽

Alireza Najafi Chermahini ◽

Mohammad Dinari

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Fuel Additive ◽

Reaction Conditions

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A Review on the Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Tyres to Oil for Automobile Engine Application

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133837 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3837

Author(s):

Mohammad I. Jahirul ◽

Farhad M. Hossain ◽

Mohammad G. Rasul ◽

Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Calorific Value ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Combustion Efficiency ◽

Fuel Additive ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Automobile Engines ◽

Direct Use

Utilising pyrolysis as a waste tyre processing technology has various economic and social advantages, along with the fact that it is an effective conversion method. Despite extensive research and a notable likelihood of success, this technology has not yet seen implementation in industrial and commercial settings. In this review, over 100 recent publications are reviewed and summarised to give attention to the current state of global tyre waste management, pyrolysis technology, and plastic waste conversion into liquid fuel. The study also investigated the suitability of pyrolysis oil for use in diesel engines and provided the results on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. Most studies show that discarded tyres can yield 40–60% liquid oil with a calorific value of more than 40 MJ/kg, indicating that they are appropriate for direct use as boiler and furnace fuel. It has a low cetane index, as well as high viscosity, density, and aromatic content. According to diesel engine performance and emission studies, the power output and combustion efficiency of tyre pyrolysis oil are equivalent to diesel fuel, but engine emissions (NOX, CO, CO, SOX, and HC) are significantly greater in most circumstances. These findings indicate that tyre pyrolysis oil is not suitable for direct use in commercial automobile engines, but it can be utilised as a fuel additive or combined with other fuels.

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Selective hydrogenolysis of furfural into fuel-additive 2-methylfuran over a rhenium-promoted copper catalyst

Sustainable Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1039/d1se00036e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jirawat Chuseang ◽

Rapeepong Nakwachara ◽

Munsuree Kalong ◽

Sakhon Ratchahat ◽

Wanida Koo-amornpattana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Copper Catalyst ◽

Fuel Additive ◽

Platform Chemical ◽

Selective Hydrogenolysis

A highly stable rhenium-promoted copper catalyst catalyzes the hydrogenolysis of furfural, a platform chemical derived from sustainable bioresources, into the fuel-additive 2-methylfuran.

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Experimental investigations on diesel engine using alumina nanoparticle fuel additive

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/1687814020988402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 168781402098840

Author(s):

Mohammed S Gad ◽

Sayed M Abdel Razek ◽

PV Manu ◽

Simon Jayaraj

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Alumina Nanoparticles ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Fuel Additive ◽

Alumina Nanoparticle ◽

Fuel Injectors ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

Experimental work was done to examine the impact of diesel fuel with alumina nanoparticles on combustion characteristics, emissions and performance of diesel engine. Alumina nanoparticles were mixed with crude diesel in various weight fractions of 20, 30, and 40 mg/L. The engine tests showed that nano alumina addition of 40 ppm to pure diesel led to thermal efficiency enhancement up to 5.5% related to the pure diesel fuel. The average specific fuel consumption decrease about neat diesel fuel was found to be 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5.5% at dosing levels of 20, 30, and 40 ppm, respectively at full load. Emissions of smoke, HC, CO, and NOX were found to get diminished by about 17%, 25%, 30%, and 33%, respectively with 40 ppm nano-additive about diesel operation. The smaller size of nanoparticles produce fuel stability enhancement and prevents the fuel atomization problems and the clogging in fuel injectors. The increase of alumina nanoparticle percentage in diesel fuel produced the increases in cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, heat release rate but the decreases in ignition delay and combustion duration were shown. The concentration of 40 ppm alumina nanoparticle is recommended for achieving the optimum improvements in the engine’s combustion, performance and emission characteristics.

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