scholarly journals Identification of Cuticular and Web Lipids of the Spider Argiope bruennichi

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Gerbaulet ◽  
Anton Möllerke ◽  
Katharina Weiss ◽  
Satya Chinta ◽  
Jutta M. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
Cuticular Lipids ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Natural Enantiomer ◽  
Cuticular Profiles ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Chain Lengths

AbstractEmerging evidence shows that the cuticular and silk lipids of spiders are structurally more diverse than those of insects, although only a relatively low number of species have been investigated so far. As in insects, such lipids might play a role as signals in various contexts. The wasp spider Argiope bruennichi has probably the best investigated chemical communication system within spiders, including the known structure of the female sex pheromone. Recently we showed that kin-recognition in A. bruennichi could be mediated through the cuticular compounds consisting of hydrocarbons and, to a much larger proportion, of wax esters. By use of mass spectrometry and various derivatization methods, these were identified as esters of 2,4-dimethylalkanoic acids and 1-alkanols of varying chain lengths, such as tetradecyl 2,4-dimethylheptadecanoate. A representative enantioselective synthesis of this compound was performed which proved the identifications and allowed us to postulate that the natural enantiomer likely has the (2R,4R)-configuration. Chemical profiles of the silk and cuticular lipids of females were similar, while male cuticular profiles differed from those of females. Major components of the male cuticular lipids were tridecyl 2,4-dimethyl-C17-19 alkanoates, whereas those of females were slightly longer, comprising tridecyl 2,4-dimethyl-C19-21 alkanoates. In addition, minor female-specific 4-methylalkyl esters were detected.

scholarly journals Identification of Cuticular And Web Lipids of The Spider Argiope Bruennichi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORITZ GERBAULET ◽  
ANTON MÖLLERKE ◽  
KATHARINA WEISS ◽  
SATYA CHINTA ◽  
JUTTA M. SCHNEIDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Natural Enantiomer ◽  
Cuticular Profiles ◽  
Female Specific

Abstract Emerging evidence shows that the cuticular and silk lipids of spiders are structurally more diverse than those of insects, although only a relatively low number of species have been investigated so far. As in insects, such lipids might play a role as signals in various context. The wasp spider Argiope bruennichi has probably the best investigated chemical communication system within spiders, including the known structure of the female sex pheromone. Recently we showed that kin-recognition in A. bruennichi is mediated through the cuticular compounds consisting of hydrocarbons and to a much larger proportion of wax esters. By use of MS and various derivatization methods these esters were identified here to be esters of 2,4-di­methyl­alkanoates with varying chain length and 1-alkanols, such as tetradecyl 2,4‑di­methyl­hepta­decanoate. A representative enantioselectively synthesis to this compound was performed which proved the identifications and allowed to postulate the natural enantiomer to have (2R,4R)-configuration. Cuticular profiles of the silk and cuticula of females were similar, while male cuticular profiles differed quantitatively from those of females. In addition, minor female specific 4-methylalkyl esters were detected.

scholarly journals Family-specific chemical profiles provide potential kin recognition cues in the sexually cannibalistic spider Argiope bruennichi

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 20210260
Author(s):  
Katharina Weiss ◽  
Jutta M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Kin Discrimination ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Cuticular Profiles ◽  
Kin Recognition Mechanisms ◽  
Solitary Species

Kin recognition, the ability to detect relatives, is important for cooperation, altruism and also inbreeding avoidance. A large body of research on kin recognition mechanisms exists for vertebrates and insects, while little is known for other arthropod taxa. In spiders, nepotism has been reported in social and solitary species. However, there are very few examples of kin discrimination in a mating context, one coming from the orb-weaver Argiope bruennichi . Owing to effective mating plugs and high rates of sexual cannibalism, both sexes of A. bruennichi are limited to a maximum of two copulations. Males surviving their first copulation can either re-mate with the current female (monopolizing paternity) or leave and search for another. Mating experiments have shown that males readily mate with sisters but are more likely to leave after one short copulation as compared with unrelated females, allowing them to search for another mate. Here, we ask whether the observed behaviour is based on chemical cues. We detected family-specific cuticular profiles that qualify as kin recognition cues. Moreover, correlations in the relative amounts of some of the detected substances between sexes within families indicate that kin recognition is likely based on subsets of cuticular substances, rather than entire profiles.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis of Phenolics, Sterols, and Terpenes in Colored Wheat Grains by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5580
Author(s):  
Mayya P. Razgonova ◽  
Alexander M. Zakharenko ◽  
Elena I. Gordeeva ◽  
Olesya Yu. Shoeva ◽  
Elena V. Antonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Chemical Profiles

The colored grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) contains a large number of polyphenolic compounds that are biologically active ingredients. The purpose of this work was a comparative metabolomic study of extracts from anthocyaninless (control), blue, and deep purple (referred to here as black) grains of seven genetically related wheat lines developed for the grain anthocyanin pigmentation trait. To identify target analytes in ethanol extracts, high-performance liquid chromatography was used in combination with Bruker Daltonics ion trap mass spectrometry. The results showed the presence of 125 biologically active compounds of a phenolic (85) and nonphenolic (40) nature in the grains of T. aestivum (seven lines). Among them, a number of phenolic compounds affiliated with anthocyanins, coumarins, dihydrochalcones, flavan-3-ols, flavanone, flavones, flavonols, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, isoflavone, lignans, other phenolic acids, stilbenes, and nonphenolic compounds affiliated with alkaloids, carboxylic acids, carotenoids, diterpenoids, essential amino acids, triterpenoids, sterols, nonessential amino acids, phytohormones, purines, and thromboxane receptor antagonists were found in T. aestivum grains for the first time. A comparative analysis of the diversity of the compounds revealed that the lines do not differ from each other in the proportion of phenolic (53.3% to 70.3% of the total number of identified compounds) and nonphenolic compounds (46.7% to 29.7%), but diversity of the compounds was significantly lower in grains of the control line. Even though the lines are genetically closely related and possess similar chemical profiles, some line-specific individual compounds were identified that constitute unique chemical fingerprints and allow to distinguish each line from the six others. Finally, the influence of the genotype on the chemical profiles of the wheat grains is discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of volatile emissions from grape berries infected with Aspergillus carbonarius using hyphenated and portable mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Giannoukos ◽  
Stamatios Giannoukos ◽  
Christina Lagogianni ◽  
Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis ◽  
Stephen Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Volatile Emissions ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
On Line ◽  
First Time

AbstractMycotoxins represent a serious risk for human and animal health. Οchratoxin A (OTA) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by A. carbonarius that constitutes a severe problem for viticulture. In this study, we investigate the development of novel detection and on-line monitoring approaches for the detection of OTA in the field (i.e. out of the chemical laboratory) using advanced molecular sensing. Both stand-alone and hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) based systems (e.g. Time-of-Flight ToF–MS and gas chromatography GC combined with MS) and compact portable membrane inlet MS (MIMS) have been employed for the first time to detect and monitor volatile emissions of grape berries infected by the fungus Aspergillus carbonarius. In vacuo (electron impact—EI) and ambient ionisation (electrospray ionisation—ESI) techniques were also examined. On-line measurements of the volatile emissions of grape berries, infected by various strains of A. carbonarius with different toxicity levels, were performed resulting in different olfactory chemical profiles with a common core of characteristic mass fragments, which could be eventually used for on-site detection and monitoring allowing consequent improvement in food security.

Impurity Profiles in InP from Ion Implantation at Elevated Temperatures

1991 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kringhoj ◽  
B. G. Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Implantation Damage ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Impurity Profiles ◽  
Secondary Ion

ABSTRACTThe chemical profiles of Zn, Ge, and Se implanted into InP at elevated temperatures have been measured with secondary ion mass spectrometry and correlated to the implantation damage as deduced from RBS/channeling measurements. An asymmetric broadening of the chemical profiles towards the bulk was found for implantation temperatures above 150°C. This effect is concluded to be due to impurity channeling during implantation.

Rapid Species-level Identification ofSalviasby Chemometric Processing of Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry-derived Chemical Profiles

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine E. Giffen ◽  
Ashton D. Lesiak ◽  
A. John Dane ◽  
Robert B. Cody ◽  
Rabi A. Musah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Ionisation Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Level Identification ◽  
Ionisation Mass

Analysis of volatile chemical substances in urine of the kinship and non-kinship Tupaia belangeri (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Zhu ◽  
X. Y. Ren ◽  
D. M. Hou ◽  
W. Q. Wang ◽  
Z. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Tupaia Belangeri ◽  
Main Components

Chemical communication plays an important role in reproductive and social behaviour of small mammals. The chemical constituents of urine were the main signal resources that can encode sex and social status. The purpose of the present study was to test volatile chemical substances in urine of the kinship and non-kinship Tupaia belangeri, volatile chemicals in urine were performed by the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which is speculated that volatile chemicals in urine may had key role in its kin recognition of T. belangeri. The results showed that the components of volatile chemicals in urine were similar between the kinship and non-kinship T. belangeri, which the main components were Alcohols, Alkanes, Esters and Ketones, but the types of each materials were discrepant. “Formic acid, octyl ester” were absence or existence regularly, and “a-Farnesene” and “2,4-Dithiapentane” were found in kinship and non-kinship T. belangeri, which may be signaling substances in the urine. All of the results suggested that volatile chemical substances in urine were different in kinship and non-kinship T. belangeri, indicating that chemical communication based on signals in urine plays an important role in its kin recognition of T. belangeri.

Investigation of the Dopant Distribution in thin Epitaxial Silicon Layers by Means of Spreading Resistance Probe and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

1997 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Karpov ◽  
Catherine Hartford ◽  
Greg Moran ◽  
Subramania Krishnakumar ◽  
Ron Choma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Doping Profile ◽  
Epitaxial Silicon ◽  
Spreading Resistance ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Secondary Ion

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we examine the dopant distributions in 1.8 to 4 micron-thick boron- and phosphorus-doped epitaxial silicon layers. These layers were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on arsenic-, antimony-, or boron-doped (100)- and (111)-oriented substrates. We performed doping profile studies by means of local resistivity measurements using a spreading resistance probe (SRP). Chemical profiles of the dopants were also obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).

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