Measuring opportunity inequality with monetary transfers

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Kranich
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Transfers

scholarly journals The Association between Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes and Cohort Fertility: Evidence from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Ferreira Soares ◽  
Everton Emanuel Campos de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cohort Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
The Relationship

Brazil’s Bolsa Família Programme (BFP) aims to combat poverty and social inequalities through monetary transfers to families. A much-discussed indirect effect of the programme was its correlation to the fertility of the beneficiary families. In this paper, we use a cohort fertility approach with parity progression ratios that differs from existing literature, which mainly used period fertility measures, to better understand the relationship between fertility and the BFP. This study analyses the relationship between the BFP and the reproduction of Brazilian women. We use data from the 2010 Brazilian micro-censuses, the only census after the start of the BFP in 2004, to reconstruct the childbirth history of women with incomplete reproductive cycles (women aged 25 to 29), and estimate parity progression ratios (PPRs) and cohort fertility rates (CFR). In addition, we estimate propensity score matching (PSM) models comparing fertility outcomes of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the programme. Our results show distinct differences in CFRs and PPRs. On average, BFP beneficiaries had more children than women not covered by the programme. This finding remained consistent even after controlling for educational gradients and other covariates. Our empirical findings show that women opt for a “rational” strategy, where they tend to have children in more rapid succession up until three children. These findings contradict the recent literature that has not found any correlation between BFP and fertility. The results also suggest that cohort analyses may fill certain gaps left by previous studies of period fertility. This paper is one of a few that have analysed the relationship between a conditional income transfer programme and cohort measures in Brazil.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of emigration on the origin economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Remeikienė ◽  
Ligita Gasparėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Our article concentrates to the main aim – to assess the impact of emigration on an origin economy. This topic was chosen because the theoretical research has disclosed that the positive impact of emigration usually manifests through monetary transfers to a native country while the negative impact mainly emerges as a reduction in the labour force, which, in its turn, causes deterioration of a country’s demographic and economic situation. It has been found that the growing flows of emigration significantly reduce Lithuanian population and cause “brain drain”. High emigration rates also have a negative impact on Lithuanian national economy, in particular, its unemployment rate (the opposite effect). To reduce the rates of emigration from the country, Lithuania must develop and improve such ALPM’s elements as combination of work and dual vocational training, targeted selection of the industries for arrangement of an apprenticeship, manual training, dual vocational training and workplace training, segmentation of the unemployed by the indications of employment impediment, individual work with the unemployed to restore their basic skills (motivation, practice, health improvement), vocational guidance of young people (students) and early involvement of students into the labour market by combining studies and work.

scholarly journals COVID-19 monetary transfer in El Salvador: determining factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Carlos Ayala Durán
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
Monetary Transfer ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Economic Measure

Abstract Given the lack of governmental guidelines, this paper identifies and analyzes the statistical determinants associated with receiving the onetime monetary transfer in El Salvador ($300 dollars) as an economic measure to face the COVID-19 pandemic. A logistic regression was implemented (whether received the transfer or not) based on a probabilistic sample (n=1222) of surveyed people throughout the country. Independent variables were selected drawing upon key characteristics employed internationally in monetary transfers: age, gender, rural area, employment, family income, and education. The text identifies a statistically significant and negative relation between receiving the monetary transfer and two variables: family income and educational level. The need to increase coverage of the program is addressed as well as the importance of considering age, gender, rural areas, and employment as criteria for selecting the beneficiaries in such economic measures.

Redistribution through Property Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Stern ◽  
Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Progressive Taxation ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Cash Assistance ◽  
Property System ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
Behavioral Phenomena

This chapter explains the importance of property for promoting equality in society and enhancing people's well-being. It then addresses the major legal debate regarding the method that should be used to redistribute welfare. There is much controversy in the literature as to whether redistribution should be attained solely through taxes and transfer payments (such as progressive taxation and cash assistance to needy families) or also via substantive rules of private law, including property law. The chapter shows how various behavioral phenomena support the use of private law rules alongside taxes and monetary transfers, with applications to two central property law issues: the choice of a family property system and compensation for takings of land.

The Purchase of Intimacy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana A. Zelizer
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Distinctive Pattern ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
Intimate Relations

This chapter examines the question: Under what conditions, how, and with what consequences do people combine monetary transfers with intimate relationships? It suggests that intimate relations involving monetary transfers include a variety of social relations, each marked by a distinctive pattern of payment. First, people routinely differentiate meaningful social relations; among other markers, they use different payment systems to create, define, affirm, challenge, or overturn such distinctions. Second, such distinctions apply to intimate social relations, including those having a sexual component. People regularly differentiate forms of monetary transfers in correspondence with their definitions of the sort of relationship that obtains between the parties. They adopt symbols, rituals, practices, and physically distinguishable forms of money to mark distinct social relations. The chapter shows that when payments within intimate relations become matters of legal dispute, lawyers and judges apply their own differentiating categories, which also turn out to be relational. It explores how this application of categories leads to a problem of translation, as participants in disputes go from categories of everyday life to legal classifications and back.

Food Insecurity Among Older Adults: A Multilevel Analysis of State-Level Interventions

2019 ◽  
pp. 073346481989423
Author(s):  
Pablo Gaitán-Rossi ◽  
Ida Caterina García-Appendini ◽  
Lucía Félix-Beltrán ◽  
Mireya Vilar-Compte
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monetary Transfers ◽  
Food Programs

Objective: To analyze whether state-level social programs for older adults (OAs) in Mexico are associated with a reduction: (a) in the prevalence of severe food insecurity (SFI) and (b) in the magnitude of the effect of municipal marginalization on SFI. Method: Cross-sectional study based on urban OAs (65–100 years) from the 2010 census. Three-level logistic multilevel regression models were estimated to explain SFI. Results: Controlling for individual and municipal characteristics, states with social programs for OAs are generally associated with lower SFI prevalences (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68 [0.48, 0.95]) and mitigate the effect of marginalization on SFI when compared with states with no programs. Compared with in-kind food programs and voucher-based programs, monetary transfers are associated with a significant reduction in SFI prevalence (OR = 0.68 [0.46, 0.99]). Conclusion: States with programs for OAs, mainly monetary transfers, are associated with lower SFI prevalences.

The Welfare Economics of Monetary Transfers and Reversed Transfers

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Harry G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Economics ◽  
Monetary Transfers

scholarly journals Private monetary transfers and altruism: An empirical investigation on Italian families

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Aldieri ◽  
Damiano Fiorillo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Monetary Transfers
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