Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19: Predictors of Vaccine Uptake Among Adults in the US

Objective. To compare knowledge and attitudes of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the vaccine between different cultures of African descent.Methods. A cross-sectional survey of 555 African-Americans and Afro-Caribbeans residing in the US and the Bahamas (BHM) was conducted.Results. General knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine differed between the two countries significantly. Bahamian respondents were less likely to have higher numbers of correct knowledge answers when compared to Americans (Adjusted Odds Ratio [Adj. OR] 0.47, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.30–0.75). Older age, regardless of location, was also associated with answering fewer questions correctly (Adj. OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.92). Attitudes related to HPV vaccination were similar between the US and BHM, but nearly 80% of BHM respondents felt that children should not be able to receive the vaccine without parental consent compared to 57% of American respondents.Conclusions. Grave lack of knowledge, safety and cost concerns, and influence of parental restrictions may negatively impact vaccine uptake among African-American and Afro-Caribbean persons. Interventions to increase the vaccine uptake in the Caribbean must include medical provider and parental involvement. Effective strategies for education and increasing vaccine uptake in BHM are crucial for decreasing cervical cancer burden in the Caribbean.

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Tracking H1N1 vaccine doses administered using CDC’s Countermeasure and Response Administration system

Journal of Emergency Management ◽

10.5055/jem.2012.0105 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 277

Author(s):

Tom T. Shimabukuro, MD, MPH, MBA ◽

Sanjeeb Sapkota, MBBS, MPH ◽

Barbara L. Nichols, BS ◽

Warren G. Williams, MPH ◽

Shirley W. Mullins, MIT, CSM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Mandatory Reporting ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

H1n1 Vaccine ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

The Us ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Total Data

During the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, the Countermeasure and Response Administration (CRA) system, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) computer-based informatics application, monitored H1N1 vaccine uptake during the early stages of the US vaccination program, from October through the end of November 2009. CRA, which directly monitors vaccine doses administered, was developed to support the mass tracking of medical countermeasure use during public health events and to complement populationbased survey data on vaccination coverage during a pandemic influenza vaccination program. CRA provided weekly near real-time reports of H1N1 vaccine doses administered at national and state levels. On average, during any given week, 58.8 percent of the total data available to be reported was actually reported to CDC. During the 8-week mandatory reporting period, a cumulative total of 13,109,962 first-dose vaccine doses administered were reported through CRA, representing approximately 4.4 percent of the US population. Nearly 60 percent of these doses were administered to individuals aged 6 months to 24 years, an age interval that was included in the initial target groups prioritized to receive vaccine. CRA was a key component of the national surveillance system providing information on early uptake of H1N1 vaccine and monitoring program progress. These accomplishments indicate that CRA can effectively function as an immunization tool to monitor vaccine uptake during a pandemic.

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An analysis of factors associated with influenza, pneumoccocal, Tdap, and herpes zoster vaccine uptake in the US adult population and corresponding inter-state variability

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics ◽

10.1080/21645515.2017.1403697 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 430-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Elizabeth M. La ◽

Laurel Trantham ◽

Samantha K. Kurosky ◽

Dawn Odom ◽

Emmanuel Aris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Zoster ◽

Adult Population ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Zoster Vaccine ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Us ◽

Inter State

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Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination on Oral HPV Infections Among Young Adults in the United States

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.75.0141 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 262-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Anil K. Chaturvedi ◽

Barry I. Graubard ◽

Tatevik Broutian ◽

Robert K.L. Pickard ◽

Zhen-Yue Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Population Level ◽

The United States ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

The Us ◽

Oral Hpv ◽

Level Effect

Purpose The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal cancers has risen rapidly in recent decades among men in the United States. We investigated the US population–level effect of prophylactic HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV infection, the principal cause of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of men and women 18 to 33 years of age (N = 2,627) within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014, a representative sample of the US population. Oral HPV infection with vaccine types 16, 18, 6, or 11 was compared by HPV vaccination status, as measured by self-reported receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design and were adjusted for age, sex, and race. Statistical significance was assessed using a quasi-score test. Results Between 2011 and 2014, 18.3% of the US population 18 to 33 years of age reported receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine before the age of 26 years (29.2% in women and 6.9% in men; P < .001). The prevalence of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals (0.11% v 1.61%; Padj = .008), corresponding to an estimated 88.2% (95% CI, 5.7% to 98.5%) reduction in prevalence after model adjustment for age, sex, and race. Notably, the prevalence of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated versus unvaccinated men (0.0% v 2.13%; Padj = .007). Accounting for vaccine uptake, the population-level effect of HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was 17.0% overall, 25.0% in women, and 6.9% in men. Conclusion HPV vaccination was associated with reduction in vaccine-type oral HPV prevalence among young US adults. However, because of low vaccine uptake, the population-level effect was modest overall and particularly low in men.

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Impact of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on oral HPV infections among young adults in the U.S.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 6003-6003 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maura L. Gillison ◽

Tatevik Broutian ◽

Barry Graubard ◽

Robert Pickard ◽

Zhen-Yue Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Population Level ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

The Us ◽

Oral Hpv

6003 Background: The incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers has risen in recent decades among US men. The potential impact of HPV vaccines on oral HPV infections has yet to be evaluated in efficacy-trials or surveillance studies. Methods: To evaluate the impact of prophylactic HPV vaccination on oral HPV infections in the US population, we conducted a cross-sectional study among men and women aged 18-33 years (n = 2,627) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014. We examined the effect of self-reported receipt of ≥1 vaccine dose on oral HPV infection (vaccine-types 16/18/6/11) prevalence among vaccinated vs. unvaccinated individuals. Additional outcomes included percent reduction in infection-prevalence among vaccinated individuals and population-level effectiveness of vaccination. Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design. Comparisons between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were conducted using binary logistic regression, with adjustment for age, gender, and race. Statistical significance was assessed using a quasi-score test. Results: During 2011-2014, 18.3% of the US population aged 18-33 years reported receipt of ≥1 HPV vaccine-dose prior to age 26 (29.2% in women and 6.9% in men; P< 0.001). The prevalence (population-weighted) of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated individuals (0.11% vs. 1.61%; P= 0.008), corresponding to an estimated 88.2% (95%CI = 5.7%-98.5%) reduction in prevalence. Notably, oral HPV16/18/6/11 prevalence was significantly reduced in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated men (0.0% vs. 2.13%; P= 0.007). In contrast, prevalence for 33 non-vaccine HPV types was similar (3.98% vs. 4.74%; P= 0.24). Accounting for HPV vaccine-uptake, the population-level effectiveness of HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was 17.0% overall, 25.0% in women and 6.9% in men. Conclusions: HPV vaccination substantially reduced vaccine-type oral HPV infection prevalence among young adults (ages 18-33 years) in the US population during 2011-2014. However, due to low vaccine uptake, population-level effectiveness was modest overall and particularly low in men.

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Targeting COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Minority Populations in the US: Implications for Herd Immunity

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9050489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 489

Author(s):

James E. K. Hildreth ◽

Donald J. Alcendor

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Healthcare Research ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Culturally Competent ◽

Vaccine Trials ◽

The Us

There has been a continuous underrepresentation of minorities in healthcare research and vaccine trials, along with long-standing systemic racism and discrimination that have been fueling the distrust of the healthcare system among these communities for decades. The history and legacy of racial injustices and negative experiences within a culturally insensitive healthcare system have greatly contributed to vaccine hesitancy among ethnic minorities. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy will impact vaccine uptake in the US, subsequently hindering the establishment of herd immunity (75–85% of the population vaccinated) to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. Information targeting underserved racial/ethnic minorities in the US in a culturally competent manner has been lacking. This information is crucial for educating these communities about COVID-19 vaccines and their distribution as well as dispelling misinformation regarding vaccine trials, safety, and efficacy. This lack of education has greatly contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and will increase disparities in vaccine uptake. Moreover, timely vaccinations are also essential to curtailing virus transmission and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that may evade the immune response produced by the three existing COVID-19 vaccines.

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Growing Need for Alternative Covid-19 Vaccination Strategy in the Face of Vaccination Uptake Hesitancy in the United States

Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research ◽

10.36630/jmbsr_21005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Nura Ikhalea ◽

◽

Hafsah Mohammed ◽

Nura Ikhalea ◽

Hafsah Mohammed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

The United States ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Ripple Effect ◽

The Us ◽

Legal Strategies ◽

Vaccine Information

There has been accelerated effort geared towards the swift creation of COVID-19 vaccines; however, this fast pace poses a negative impact on vaccine acceptance. The current US COVID vaccine hesitancy of 23-33% has a ripple effect and makes it impossible to attain community immunity. The primary aim of this study was to assess the current COVID vaccine hesitancy rates and to argue for the need of more effective strategies to improve its uptake in the US. This paper reviewed quantitative peer-reviewed publications assessing COVID vaccine hesitancy in the US. It was revealed that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was influenced by myriad factors like gender, education, political affiliation, race and location. Transparency and a mix of communication, local partnerships, incentives and arguably legal strategies can be adopted to attenuate US COVID vaccine hesitancy. Lastly, vulnerable demographics (black Americans and conservatives) need targeted COVID vaccine information. Keywords: Covid 19 Vaccines, Herd Immunity, Vaccine Uptake, Hesitancy and Vaccine Education

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Are We There Yet? Big Data Significantly Overestimates COVID-19 Vaccination in the US

10.1101/2021.06.10.21258694 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie C Bradley ◽

Shrio Kuriwaki ◽

Michael Isakov ◽

Dino Sejdinovic ◽

Xiao-Li Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Data Quality ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Applied Statistics ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Percentage Points ◽

The Us ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Over Time

Public health efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic rely on accurate surveys. However, estimates of vaccine uptake in the US from Delphi-Facebook, Census Household Pulse, and Axios-Ipsos surveys exhibit the Big Data Paradox: the larger the survey, the further its estimate from the benchmark provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In April 2021, Delphi-Facebook, the largest survey, overestimated vaccine uptake by 20 percentage points. Discrepancies between estimates of vaccine willingness and hesitancy, which have no benchmarks, also grow over time and cannot be explained through selection bias on traditional demographic variables alone. However, a recent framework on investigating Big Data quality (Meng, Annals of Applied Statistics, 2018) allows us to quantify contributing factors, and to provide a data quality-driven scenario analysis for vaccine willingness and hesitancy.

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COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions in the United States, December 2020 to March 2021

10.1101/2021.05.16.21257290 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark É Czeisler ◽

Shantha M.W. Rajaratnam ◽

Mark E Howard ◽

Charles A Czeisler

Keyword(s):

Post Infection ◽

Political Ideology ◽

The United States ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Efficacy Data ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Vaccine Refusal ◽

The Us

Importance SARS-CoV-2 containment is estimated to require attainment of high (>80%) post-infection and post-vaccination population immunity. Objective To assess COVID-19 vaccine intentions among US adults and their children, and reasons for vaccine hesitancy among potential refusers. Design Internet-based surveys were administered cross-sectionally to US adults during December 2020 and February to March 2021 (March-2021). Setting Surveys were administered through Qualtrics using demographic quota sampling. Participants A large, demographically diverse sample of 10,444 US adults (response rate, 63.9%). Main Outcomes and Measures COVID-19 vaccine uptake, intentions, and reasons for potential refusal. Adults living with or caring for children aged 2 to 18 years were asked about their intent to have their children vaccinated. Multivariable weighted logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for vaccine refusal. Results Of 5256 March-2021 respondents, 3467 (66.0%) reported they would definitely or most likely obtain a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible (ASAP Obtainers), and an additional 478 (9.1%) reported they were waiting for more safety and efficacy data before obtaining the vaccine. Intentions for children and willingness to receive a booster shot largely matched personal COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Vaccine refusal (ie, neither ASAP Obtainers nor waiting for more safety and efficacy data) was most strongly associated with not having obtained an influenza vaccine in 2020 (adjusted odds ratio, 4.11 [95% CI, 3.05-5.54]), less frequent mask usage (eg, rarely or never versus always or often, 3.92 [2.52-6.10]) or social gathering avoidance (eg, rarely or never versus always or often, 2.65 [1.95-3.60]), younger age (eg, aged 18-24 versus over 65 years, 3.88 [2.02-7.46]), and more conservative political ideology (eg, very conservative versus very liberal, 3.58 [2.16-5.94]); all P<.001. Conclusions and Relevance Three-quarters of March-2021 respondents in our large, demographically diverse sample of US adults reported they would likely obtain a COVID-19 vaccine, and 60% of adults living with or caring for children plan to have them vaccinated as soon as possible. With an estimated 27% of the US population having been infected with SARS-CoV-2, once vaccines are available to children and they have been vaccinated, combined post-infection and post-vaccination immunity will approach 80% of the US population in 2021, even without further infections.

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Understanding the unique characteristics of seasonal influenza illness to improve vaccine uptake in the US

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (48) ◽

pp. 7276-7285 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rafik Bekkat-Berkani ◽

Luis Romano-Mazzotti

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

The Us ◽

Influenza Illness

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