Differences in Physical Fitness and Body Composition Between Active and Sedentary Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy associated with complications generated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promote impairments in physical fitness in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and body composition of adolescents living with HIV compared with a healthy population of the same age. Methods: Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases until September 2019 and updated in April 2020. Eligibility Criteria: adolescents of both sexes in the age group from 10 to 19 years; living with HIV; cross-sectional, case–control, cohort studies; comparing with a healthy population. Mean differences and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using RevMan (software for systematic reviews). Results: Five articles were included, involving 197 adolescents living with HIV (16 to 18 years) and 185 without infection (13 to 18 years), with the sample in each study ranging from 15 to 65 adolescents. Aerobic capacity and muscle strength were reduced in adolescents with HIV, and body mass index was also significantly lower in this group. Conclusion: Adolescents living with HIV have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition when compared to their uninfected peers. However, this systematic review provides limited evidence on the differences between the physical fitness outcomes of adolescents living with HIV compared to healthy adolescents.

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The Impact of Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Metabolic Parameters in Older Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.2.23869/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhi-Jian Wu ◽

Zhu-Ying Wang ◽

Hao-En Gao ◽

Xian-Feng Zhou ◽

Fang Hui LI

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Interval Training ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related outcomes in older adults. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until Oct 2019) for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT on physical fitness, metabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies; Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results: HIIT significantly improved the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) compared with a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol (HIIT vs. MICT: weighted mean difference = 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.07, p < 0.001). Additional subgroup analyses determined that training periods > 12 wks, training frequencies of 2 sessions/wk, session lengths of 40 min, 6 sets and repetitions, training times per repetition of > 60 s, and rest times of < 90 s are more effective for VO 2max . Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that HIIT induces favorable adaptions in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, muscle power, cardiac contractile function, and citrate synthase activities in older individuals which may help to maintain aerobic fitness and slow down the process of sarcopenia.

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The relationship between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players: a systematic review

Sports Medicine - Open ◽

10.1186/s40798-020-00264-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica B. Farley ◽

Lily M. Barrett ◽

Justin W. L. Keogh ◽

Carl T. Woods ◽

Nikki Milne

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Sports Injury ◽

Quality Data ◽

Body Region ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Understanding the relationships between physical fitness characteristics and sports injury may assist with the development of injury minimisation programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. Methods Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) and reference lists of relevant research were searched for eligible studies up to September 2, 2019. Full-text articles examining the relationship between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players were included. A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Data synthesis determined summary conclusions based on the number of significant relationships divided by the total relationships investigated and reported as a percentage. Level of certainty was identified for summary conclusions based on level of evidence. Sub-analyses regarding competition level, age, and single injury types were also conducted. Results A total of 44 studies were included. Data synthesis revealed no associations (low to moderate certainty) between body composition (1/9; 11%), flexibility (18–20%), and balance (2/8; 25%) and ‘any injury’ classification. No associations (mostly of moderate certainty) were found between flexibility (0–27%), muscular strength (0–27%), and body composition (14–33%) and various body region injury classifications, whereas mixed summary conclusions were shown for balance (0-48%). Many associations between physical fitness and sports injury were deemed ‘unknown’ or with an insufficient level of certainty. Sub-analyses revealed no association between strength and noncontact ACL injuries (0/5; 0%) or ankle sprains (0/12; 0%), and between flexibility and ankle sprains (1/5; 20%); however, insufficient certainty of these results exists. Clear associations were concluded between balance and lower body injuries in female, non-elite (10/16; 63%) and junior (9/12; 75%) team ball sport players, with moderate and insufficient certainty of these results, respectively. Conclusion Limited evidence is available to demonstrate relationships between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. High-quality evidence investigating the multifactorial nature of sports injury, including the interactions physical fitness qualities have with other injury determinants, is needed to better understand the role of physical fitness in minimising sports injuries in female, team ball sport players. Trial Registration CRD42017077374 (PROSPERO on September 14, 2017).

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Home-based exercise programmes improve physical fitness of healthy older adults: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis with relevance for COVID-19

Ageing Research Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.arr.2021.101265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 101265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Chaabene ◽

O. Prieske ◽

M. Herz ◽

J. Moran ◽

J. Höhne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Home Based ◽

Exercise Programmes

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Effects of Resistance Circuit-Based Training on Body Composition, Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10050377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽

Luis Andreu Caravaca ◽

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Rest Time

We assessed the effects of resistance circuit-based training (CT) on strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in three databases, ending on March, 2020. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the effects of pre–post-intervention CT and differences from control groups (CG). Of the 830 studies found, 45 were included in the meta-analysis (58 experimental groups (n = 897) and 34 CG (n = 474)). The CT interventions led to increases in muscle mass (1.9%; p < 0.001) and decreases in fat mass (4.3%; p < 0.001). With regard to cardiorespiratory fitness, CT had a favorable effect on VO2max (6.3%; p < 0.001), maximum aerobic speed or power (0.3%; p = 0.04), and aerobic performance (2.6%; p = 0.006) after training. Concerning strength outcome, the CT increased the strength of the upper and lower extremities. Only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (number of sessions and frequency) and the training status. Moreover, low and moderate intensities and short rest time between exercise increase the magnitude of change in fat mass loss. Therefore, CT has been shown to be an effective method for improving body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength of the lower and upper limbs.

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Vitamin D in Basketball Players: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/19417381211019343 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194173812110193

Author(s):

Emilija Stojanović ◽

Dragan Radovanović ◽

Tamara Hew-Butler ◽

Dušan Hamar ◽

Vladimir Jakovljević

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Bone Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Level Of Evidence

Context: Despite growing interest in quantifying and correcting vitamin D inadequacy in basketball players, a critical synthesis of these data is yet to be performed to overcome the low generalizability of findings from individual studies. Objective: To provide a comprehensive analysis of data in basketball pertaining to (1) the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy; (2) the effects of vitamin D supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration (and its association with body composition), bone health, and performance; and (3) crucial aspects that warrant further investigation. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, SCIndex, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Study Selection: After screening, 15 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy, serum 25(OH)D, body composition, stress fractures, and physical performance were extracted. Results: The pooled prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy for 527 basketball players in 14 studies was 77% ( P < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.70-0.84). Supplementation with 4000 IU/d and 4000 IU/wk (absolute mean difference [AMD]: 25.39 nmol/L; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 13.44-37.33), as well as 10,000 IU/d (AMD: 100.01; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 70.39-129.63) vitamin D restored 25(OH)D to normal concentrations. Body composition data revealed inverse correlations between changes in serum 25(OH)D (from pre- to postsupplementation) and body fat ( r = −0.80; very large). Data concerning positive impacts of vitamin D supplementation on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Conclusion: The high proportion of vitamin D inadequacy underscores the need to screen for serum 25(OH)D in basketball players. Although supplementation restored vitamin D sufficiency, the beneficial effects on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Adiposity can modulate 25(OH)D response to supplementation.

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European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults with a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000515381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 222-245

Author(s):

Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽

Marwan El Ghoch ◽

Annamaria Colao ◽

Maria Hassapidou ◽

Volkan Yumuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Side Effects ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Weight Loss Interventions

Background: The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been recently proposed as an appealing nutritional strategy for obesity management. The VLCKD is characterized by a low carbohydrate content (<50 g/day), 1–1.5 g of protein/kg of ideal body weight, 15–30 g of fat/day, and a daily intake of about 500–800 calories. Objectives: The aim of the current document is to suggest a common protocol for VLCKD and to summarize the existing literature on its efficacy in weight management and weight-related comorbidities, as well as the possible side effects. Methods: This document has been prepared in adherence with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development, and quality appraisal were performed independently by 2 authors and the data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Results: Of the 645 articles retrieved, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing 4 main findings. First, the VLCKD was shown to result in a significant weight loss in the short, intermediate, and long terms and improvement in body composition parameters as well as glycemic and lipid profiles. Second, when compared with other weight loss interventions of the same duration, the VLCKD showed a major effect on reduction of body weight, fat mass, waist circumference, total cholesterol and triglyceridemia as well as improved insulin resistance. Third, although the VLCKD also resulted in a significant reduction of glycemia, HbA1c, and LDL cholesterol, these changes were similar to those obtained with other weight loss interventions. Finally, the VLCKD can be considered a safe nutritional approach under a health professional’s supervision since the most common side effects are usually clinically mild and easily to manage and recovery is often spontaneous. Conclusions: The VLCKD can be recommended as an effective dietary treatment for individuals with obesity after considering potential contra-indications and keeping in mind that any dietary treatment has to be personalized. Prospero Registry: The assessment of the efficacy of VLCKD on body weight, body composition, glycemic and lipid parameters in overweight and obese subjects: a meta-analysis (CRD42020205189).

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