Betaine: A Promising Micronutrient in Diet Intervention for Ameliorating Maternal Blood Biochemical Alterations in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Salahi ◽  
Masoud Alirezaei ◽  
Arash Kheradmand ◽  
Alireza Rocky
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Blood Biochemical

scholarly journals Epigenetic Alterations Related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9462
Author(s):  
Jorge Valencia-Ortega ◽  
Renata Saucedo ◽  
Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
José G. Cruz-Durán ◽  
Edgar G. Ramos Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Metabolic Complication

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication in pregnancy, which affects the future health of both the mother and the newborn. Its pathophysiology involves nutritional, hormonal, immunological, genetic and epigenetic factors. Among the latter, it has been observed that alterations in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methylation patterns and in the levels of certain micro RNAs, whether in placenta or adipose tissue, are related to well-known characteristics of the disease, such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, inflammation and excessive placental growth. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations of gestational diabetes mellitus are observable in maternal blood, although their pathophysiological roles are completely unknown. Despite this, it has not been possible to determine the causes of the epigenetic characteristics of GDM, highlighting the need for integral and longitudinal studies. Based on this, this article summarizes the most relevant and recent studies on epigenetic alterations in placenta, adipose tissue and maternal blood associated with GDM in order to provide the reader with a general overview of the subject and indicate future research topics.

scholarly journals Serum Levels and Placental Expression of NGAL in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Yin ◽  
Yan Huo ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yixing Pan ◽  
Suxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Protein Levels

Objectives. The aim was to investigate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in the serum and term placentas and its potential role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. A total of 49 GDM subjects and 39 age-matched women with normal pregnancies were recruited. We examined serum concentrations of NGAL and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in maternal blood and cord blood and their expression levels in the term placentas and umbilical cord. Results. Serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in GDM patients than in normal pregnant controls both in the maternal blood (4.80 ± 1.99 vs. 3.66 ± 1.13, P=0.001) and the cord blood (4.70 ± 2.08 vs. 3.85 ± 1.44, P=0.027). Moreover, serum NGAL levels exhibited a positive correlation with various parameters of insulin resistance. Maternal serum NGAL levels positively correlated with the NGAL levels found in the cord blood of the control (r = 0.399, P=0.012) and the GDM subjects (r = 0.349, P=0.014). Finally, the expression of NGAL protein levels in the placenta (1.22 ± 0.39 vs. 0.65 ± 0.23, P<0.001) and umbilical cord (0.65 ± 0.23 vs. 0.25 ± 0.10, P<0.001) were higher in GDM women than those noted in the control subjects. In the GDM group, maternal serum NGAL levels exhibited a positive correlation with placental NGAL mRNA and protein levels (r = 0.848, P=0.008; r = 0.636, P=0.011, respectively). Conclusions. NGAL may be an important adipokine involved in GDM and fetal development. The oversecretion of NGAL from the placenta may contribute to the elevated levels of serum NGAL in gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Early Pregnancy Maternal Blood DNA Methylation in Repeat Pregnancies and Change in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Status—A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Enquobahrie ◽  
Amy Moore ◽  
Seid Muhie ◽  
Mahlet G. Tadesse ◽  
Shili Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Status

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Impact of Maternal Blood Sugar Level and BMI on Foetal Birth Weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipul Prasad Deka ◽  
Dr. Dimpy Begum
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degrees with an onset, or first recognized, during pregnancy. About 15-45% of babies born to diabetic mothers can have macrosomia. This prospective case control study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Gauhati medical college and hospital, Guwahati, Assam during the period of 2013-2015. A total of 160 patients were included in the study. 100 patients without any glucose abnormality were taken as control and 60 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the study as cases. In this study it was found that mean birth weight in GDM cases is more than normoglycemic control. The overweight and obesity group (BMI>25) have maximum birth weight. In this study it was found that the fasting blood glucose level is maximum in mothers with baby birth weight >3.5 kg.

Zinc Levels and Birth Weight in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Matched Cohort Study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. e2337-e2345
Author(s):  
Jiajun Luo ◽  
Weiwei Wu ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yongliang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Placental Transport ◽  
Zinc Levels

Abstract Background Zinc (Zn) has been suggested to impact fetal growth. However, the effect may be complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) due to its impact on fetal growth and placental transport. This study aims to investigate whether GDM modifies the association between Zn levels and birth weight. Method A cohort matched by GDM was established in Taiyuan, China, between 2012 and 2016, including 752 women with GDM and 744 women without. Dietary Zn intake was assessed during pregnancy. Maternal blood (MB) and cord blood (CB) Zn levels were measured at birth. Birth weight was standardized as the z score and categorized as high (HBW, &gt;4000 g) and low (LBW, &lt;2500 g) groups. Multivariate linear regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the association between Zn levels and birth weight in offspring born to women with or without GDM. Results 88.8% (N = 1328) of the population had inadequate Zn intake during pregnancy. In women with GDM, MB Zn level was inversely associated with birth weight (β = –.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), –0.34 to –0.01), while CB Zn level was positively associated with birth weight (β = .38; 95% CI, 0.06-0.70); suggestive associations were observed between MB Zn level and LBW (odds ratio 2.01; 95% CI, 0.95-4.24) and between CB Zn level and HBW (odds ratio 2.37; 95% CI, 1.08-5.21). Conclusions GDM may modify the associations between MB and CB Zn levels and birth weight in this population characterized by insufficient Zn intake. These findings suggest a previously unidentified path of adverse effects of GDM.

scholarly journals Epigenetic modification of the pentose phosphate pathway and the IGF-axis in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Epigenomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1371-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Steyn ◽  
Nigel J Crowther ◽  
Shane A Norris ◽  
Raquel Rabionet ◽  
Xavier Estivill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Igf Binding

Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked with adverse long-term health outcomes for the fetus and mother. These effects may be mediated by epigenetic modifications. Materials & methods: Genome-wide RNA sequencing was performed in placental tissue and maternal blood in six GDM and six non-GDM pregnancies. Promoter region DNA methylation was examined for selected genes and correlated with gene expression to examine an epigenetic modulator mechanism. Results: Reductions of mRNA expression and increases in promoter methylation were observed for G6PD in GDM women, and for genes encoding IGF-binding proteins in GDM-exposed placenta. Conclusion: GDM involves epigenetic attenuation of G6PD, which may lead to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, and the IGF-axis, which may modulate fetal macrosomia.

scholarly journals Placental and maternal sFlt1/PlGF expression in gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Nuzzo ◽  
Domenica Giuffrida ◽  
Laura Moretti ◽  
Paola Re ◽  
Giorgio Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Placental Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Angiogenic Biomarkers ◽  
Plgf Ratio

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are both characterized by endothelial dysfunction and GDM women have higher incidence of PE. The placenta plays a key role in PE pathogenesis but its contribution to PE during GDM remains unclear. Herein, we compared placental and maternal blood anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1) and pro-angiogenic Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) expressions in GDM and GDM-PE pregnancies compared to controls (CTRL) and PE cases. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassays showed a significantly higher maternal blood sFlt1/PlGF values in GDM-PE relative to CTRL and GDM pregnancies. We reported that placental PlGF gene expression was significantly decreased in GDM, PE and GDM-PE relative to CTRL. However, PlGF protein levels were significantly increased in GDM and GDM-PE relative to CTRL and PE placentae. Finally, sFlt1 gene expression was significantly increased in PE relative to CTRL, GDM and GDM-PE placentae. In contrast, sFlt1 protein expression was significantly decreased in GDM-PE relative to CTRL, GDM and PE placentae. Finally, higher sFlt1/PlGF ratio in GDM-PE maternal blood suggest that sFlt1 overproduction is related to PE onset also in GDM pregnancies even though characterized by a less severe endothelial dysfunction in terms of angiogenic biomarkers.

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