EU’s bioethanol potential from wheat straw and maize stover and the environmental footprint of residue-based bioethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunyod Holmatov ◽  
Arjen Y. Hoekstra ◽  
Maarten S. Krol
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Maize Stover

Rumen degradation of straw. 8. Effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide on degradation of straw using either sodium hydroxide or gaseous ammonia as source of alkali

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Adebowale ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
P. M. Hotten
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Maize Cob

ABSTRACTThe comparative effect of spraying wheat straw, maize stover and maize cob with sodium hydroxide and alkaline (sodium hydroxide treated) hydrogen peroxide over a range of moisture contents was evaluated. The effect of concentration of hydrogen peroxide on straw subsequently ammoniated was also investigated. No differences (P < 0·05) were detected between sodium hydroxide and similar concentrations of sodium hydroxide used to provide alkali for alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatments. When however, gaseous ammonia was used as the source of alkali there were significant linear increases in degradability with increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. At 48 h incubation, degradability values for untreated, ammonia-treated, 10, 50 and 100 g alkaline (ammonia) hydrogen peroxide per kg were 528, 595, 640, 676 and 716 for wheat straw, 618, 652, 683, 717 and 743 for maize stover and 392, 467, 585, 632 and 686 g/kg for maize cob respectively. It is concluded that the use of gaseous ammonia as the source of alkali seems a possible practical method of using hydrogen peroxide to increase degradability of straws.

Some factors influencing the effect of alkali treatment on crop residues

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anna Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Grape Marc

SUMMARYFive agricultural by-products, maize stover and cobs, wheat straw, grape marc and sunflower husks, were treated with alkaline reagents under various conditions.Maize stover and wheat straw reacted quickly with both sodium hydroxide applied at a level of 4 g NaOH/100 g dry residue and a mixture of calcium and sodium hydroxides (1:1), which led to changes in chemical composition and increases in digestibility. However, ensilage of the treated product at about 37% dry matter (D.M.) was not successful.When dried grape marc was treated with sodium hydroxide (4·3 g NaOH/100 g dry residue) apparent lignin content increased, although other changes in composition and digestibility were similar to the above. Nevertheless, digestibility remained low. Moreover, when previously ground marc was treated in the same way lignin and cellulose fractions increased markedly while digestibility decreased.Treatment of maize cobs with increasing amounts of sodium hydroxide (2·1–4·2 g/100 g dry residue) at 80% D.M. gave progressively more favourable results, although no improvement in digestibility was noted when half the sodium hydroxide was replaced by calcium hydroxide. Similar positive results were obtained under industrial conditions at application rates of 3·2 and 4·5 g sodium hydroxide per 100 g dry residue. Pelleting the product led to a further increase in digestibility.Sunflower husks also showed a decrease in hemicellulose content and increases in digestibility and volatile acid content after treatment with 4·4 g NaOH/100 g dry residvie under industrial conditions. Lignin content was unchanged. The pelleted products (about 80% D.M.) were stable for more than 6 months when stored in paper sacks.Except with grape marc loss of hemicellulose provided a general indication of the success of alkali treatment, although correlation with increased digestibility did not reach statistical significance (r = 0·34). Volatile acid production and alterations in lignin content were not suitable as general indicators.In general, alkali treatment of the examined materials improved digestibility, although the products with a high water content were subject to undesirable fermentative changes during storage and therefore should be used within a few days.

Some factors affecting voluntary food intake in buffaloes. 1. Effect of feeding long-chopped and ground roughages

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Taparia ◽  
V. V. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThree experiments each utilizing four buffalo heifers in 4 × 4 latin square designs were conducted over a period of 84 days to estimate the voluntary consumption of eight long-chopped and four ground roughages. Voluntary intake and rate of passage were determined during the last 10 days and digestibility of feed nutrients during the last 6 days of a 21-day experimental period.The mean daily dry-matter intake (DMI, g/kg W0·75), D.M. digestibility (%) and mean retention time (h) of long and chopped foods were 81·6, 65·7, 75·2; 81·4, 54·2, 60·3; 78·0, 58·6, 66·0; 75·8, 58·5, 66·3; 67·5, 68·1, 87·9; 62·1, 40·9, 73·3; 56·3, 50·6, 70·9 and 55·5, 58·8, 82·4, respectively for maize silage, sorghum stover, dry grass, maize stover, berseem hay, wheat straw, pearl-millet stover and cowpea hay. Appreciable differences were observed between feeds in the digestibility of D.M., organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP). No consistent pattern in level of intake and either CP or crude fibre (CF) contents of feeds or their D.M. digestibilities was discernible. The relationship between DMI and D.M. digestibility was low (r = 0·29). Higher DMI of feeds tended to be associated with faster rate of passage excepting maize silage and berseem hay. The relationship between D.M. digestibility and mean retention time was low (r = 0·46) and between total digestible nutrient intake and body weight was high (r = 0·79).The mean daily DMI (g/kg W0·75), D.M. digestibility (%) and mean retention time (h) of ground roughages were 68·7, 51·3, 58·0; 62·9, 38·4, 60·0; 62·4, 40·1, 63·0; 53·1, 66·6, 72·0, respectively for ground maize stover, wheat straw, dry grass and berseem hay. Ground roughages appeared to be utilized less efficiently by buffaloes than longchopped roughages.

Some factors affecting voluntary food intake in buffaloes. 2. Effect of feeding mixed diets

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Taparia ◽  
V. V. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Fixed Quantity ◽  
In Parenthesis ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

SummarySeven non-pregnant Murrah buffalo heifers aged 20–34 months and weighing 170–260 kg were used in a 7 × 4 incomplete latin square design to study the effect of feeding mixed diets on voluntary intake over a period of 84 days. Voluntary intake and rate of passage were determined during the last 10 days and digestibility of feed nutrients during the last 6 days of each 21-day experimental period.Maize stover, dry grass and wheat straw were fed ad libitum mixed with either a fixed quantity of berseem hay (MH, GH and WH rations, respectively) or concentrates (MC, GC and WC rations, respectively) to total co. 0·80% of body weight (BW). Berseem hay fed free choice mixed with limited (0·70% BW) concentrates (HC ration) comprised another treatment. The mean daily total dry-matter intake (DMI g/kgW0·75) and total digestible nutrient intake (given in parenthesis) by animals were 62·2 (1·94), 72·2 (2·20), 74·3 (2·30), 75·2 (2·94), 79·5 (2·59), 85·9 (2·78) and 88·5 (2·98), respectively on MH, GH, WH, HC, MC, WC and GC rations. The digestible crude protein intake on the HC ration was higher than on the remaining six rations. Feeding a fixed quantity of either berseem hay or concentrates resulted in lower consumption of basal roughages suggesting that the physical capacity of the gut limited intake.Dry-matter digestibility (%) and mean retention time (h), given in parenthesis, were 57·6 (69·4), 56·3 (64·6), 56·7 (67·5), 72·2 (79·9), 59·2 (620), 59·4 (620) and 58·9 (66·0), respectively on MH, GH, WH, HC, MC, GC and WC rations. The digestibilities of D.M. and proximate principles, except crude fibre (CF), of the HC ration were higher than those of the remaining six mixed diets. Concentrate feeding tended to hasten the movement of digesta of the roughage portion of the mixed diet through the digestive tract. The longest mean retention and rumen retention times were associated with the highest digestibilities. The wheat straw-berseem hay mixed diet was as good as dry grass or maize stover-berseem hay mixed diets with regard to its nutrient intake and weight gain by the heifers.

scholarly journals Agroresidues enhanced peroxidase activity expression by Bacillus sp. MABINYA-1 under submerged fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji O. Falade ◽  
Leonard V. Mabinya ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh ◽  
Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Maize Stover

Abstract Agroresidues have continued to gain preference over conventional carbon sources for microbial enzyme production due to the low price and abundance in the environment. Therefore, this study aimed at improving peroxidase yield by Bacillus sp. MABINYA-1 (BMAB-1) using agroresidues under submerged fermentation. The culture parameters that support maximum peroxidase yield by BMAB-1 was initially determined and the results showed that peroxidase activity expression was optimum at pH 5, 30 °C and 150 rpm while veratryl alcohol and ammonium sulphate served as the best peroxidase-inducer and inorganic nitrogen source, respectively. BMAB-1 exhibited maximum peroxidase expression (17.50 ± 0.10 U/mg) at 72 h using kraft lignin liquid medium (KLLM) under the optimized culture conditions. Upon utilization of selected agroresidues (sawdust, wheat straw and maize stover) as sole carbon sources by BMAB-1 in the fermentation process, peroxidase activity was significantly enhanced when compared with glucose (14.91 ± 0.31 U/mg) and kraft lignin (17.50 ± 0.10 U/mg). Sawdust produced the highest peroxidase yield (47.14 ± 0.41 U/mg), followed by maize stover (37.09 ± 0.00 U/mg) while wheat straw yielded the lowest peroxidase specific activity (21.65 ± 0.35 U/mg). This indicates that utilization of sawdust by BMAB-1 resulted in 3.2- and 2.7-fold increase in peroxidase activity expression as compared to glucose and kraft lignin, respectively. The aptitude of BMAB-1 to utilize agroresidues would reduce the cost of peroxidase production by the bacteria since the substrates are cheaper than the conventional carbon sources and are, as well, more readily available.

scholarly journals Effect Of Preheating And Different Moisture Content Of Input Materials On Durability Of Pellets Made From Different Phytomass Content

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Macák ◽  
Ladislav Nozdrovický ◽  
Affan Othman Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
Testing Instrument ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Original Mass ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biomass Materials

Abstract This paper analyses the effects of the storage process on the durability of pellets made of different types of biomass (lucerne hay, maize stover, wheat straw, miscanthus, prickly lettuce) for energy purposes. Pellets were produced on a hydraulic press that allowed modifying the size of pellets. The durability of pellets was measured on a special testing instrument according to the ASAE S269.4 (2007) standard method. The pellets used in the test were produced by pressing without preheating and with preheating. Durability rating was expressed as the ratio of the original mass of pellets and the mass of pellets remaining on a 17 mm opening sieve after tumbling. Storage negatively affected the durability of pellets made without preheating for all the types of biomass materials in different moisture contents. On the other hand, there was some positive response to storing of pellets made with preheating. The durability of pellets made of maize stover, wheat straw and miscanthus in the moisture content of 5 % increased with storing.

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